1. The economic prosperity and cultural development of the Song Dynasty made some progress on the basis of the Tang Dynasty, which laid a profound cultural foundation for the continued development of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, which was inseparable from the educational development of the Song Dynasty itself and the prosperity of children's education.
The Song Dynasty was an era of relative economic prosperity in the history of China, and so was the cultural development. The development of culture in Song Dynasty made progress on the basis of Tang Dynasty, which laid a deep cultural foundation for the continued development of Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Exploring the reasons is inseparable from the educational development of the Song Dynasty and the prosperity of children's education.
First of all, the Song Dynasty formed a very specific and diverse education system, which integrated school education, family education and social education.
As far as school education is concerned, in the Song Dynasty, in addition to the aristocratic schools established by the royal family and the national and local primary schools under the jurisdiction of the central government, there were a large number of private schools specially set up for the broad masses of middle and small intellectuals and the children of ordinary people.
These different types of schools not only met the learning needs of the bureaucratic landlord class at that time, but also met the desire of ordinary people for culture and education to a certain extent, which made the Song Dynasty show that schools were all over the world, and there were many scholars all over the world, all of which were elegant.
Family education is one of the main ways to educate children in Song Dynasty.
In addition to some bureaucratic families, some rich families also invited Mr. Xue to educate their children at home, and family-run private schools have also become an important form of educating their children. Under normal circumstances, parents are teachers themselves and educate their children in an enlightening way. At the same time, it is also a way for scholars with Song characteristics to inherit various professional skills.
In addition, the traditional family precepts in ancient China were further developed in the Song Dynasty.
Especially? Zongyue? 、? Family rules? A form of social education, such as social education, is often a form in which people are willing to instill their own cultural knowledge and feudal ethics into children's ideology through patriarchal relations and play a social education role for children.
Secondly, the object of education for children in the Song Dynasty began to be pushed from the children of scholars to the children of all classes of agriculture, industry and commerce. This change of social stratum structure was further strengthened in the Song Dynasty, which caused people's ideas to change. Four people are the people's property? A statement, even someone put forward? Everyone has a share in reading? The point of view.
These thoughts are reflected in the changes of Mongolian children's educational objects.
In the Song Dynasty, children's education was not only aimed at the families of the royal family and ordinary bureaucratic landlords, but also included the children of a considerable number of civilians, breaking the traditional class boundaries.
It can be seen that the scope of Mongolian children's education at that time was quite extensive.
Finally, there are many kinds of teaching materials for children's education in Song Dynasty, and the content is very rich. With the gradual expansion of educational objects in Song Dynasty, different levels of educated people have different needs for educational content. During this period, in addition to the traditional comprehensive teaching materials for children, there were also classified teaching materials for children, covering everything from astronomy to geography, which was a microcosm of China's traditional knowledge to some extent.
Second, the prosperity of children's education in Song Dynasty is not accidental. The change of land ownership led to the complexity of social class structure and the rapid growth of secular landlord class, which triggered a strong demand for cultural education from all walks of life and provided a broad social space for the development of children's education in the Song Dynasty.
The prosperity of children's education in Song Dynasty was never accidental. The change of land ownership has led to the complexity of social class structure and the rapid growth of secular landlord class. Therefore, it triggered a strong demand for cultural education from all walks of life and provided a broad social space for the development of children's education in the Song Dynasty.
After the mid-Tang Dynasty, the feudal social and economic structure of China changed greatly, and the system of equal land was gradually weakened.
After the Song Dynasty, the trend of private ownership of land was further strengthened, followed by frequent land sales, accelerated land circulation and further improved the degree of land commercialization, which led to the privatization of official land in the Song Dynasty, the non-private ownership of land, and the implementation of land merger policy, which made the class relations in the Song Dynasty complicated and multilateral.
The intensification of land privatization in the Song Dynasty, on the one hand, turned the landowners into yeomen and tenant farmers, on the other hand, since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the landlords and tenant farmers finally withdrew from the historical stage.
Replaced by tenancy? Clients? These? Clients? Compared with Buqu, the biggest difference is that they get rid of the past personal attachment in form and have relatively greater personal freedom, which makes it possible for them to participate in social mobility.
Compared with before, the number of independent industrialists and businessmen in the Song Dynasty has obviously increased. Mainly manifested in the unprecedented household registration system in feudal countries in the Song Dynasty? Langfang households? This means that the social status of independent small and medium-sized industry and commerce has been recognized by feudal countries, and the status of workers in state-owned industries has changed from former laborers to hired craftsmen.
The intensification of land privatization in the Song Dynasty prompted the gentry to finally withdraw from the historical stage since the Southern and Northern Dynasties and replace it with the tenancy system. Clients? Exploitation? Official household? And then what? Rural hukou? Apart from the fact that these secular landlords can't live a completely parasitic life like the gentry, various classes within their classes have been upgraded frequently.
The hereditary system of official positions has been broken, resulting in the mutual flow within the landlord class and even between social classes.
Due to different social classes, Song people have different needs for culture and education. After the imperial examination system became the main channel to promote social mobility, it often happened that Song people fell into poverty because of their descendants.
In order to cultivate talents more widely,
The rulers of the Song Dynasty relaxed the admission conditions, taking personal virtue and willingness as the basic conditions for admission, without the restrictions of family status and official rank.
This greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the lower class children to enter school. Moreover, the government has taken corresponding measures to create conditions for their enrollment, so that children from poor families can receive corresponding education.
The Song Dynasty also vigorously set up the book culture cause, which greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of intellectuals to compile children's textbooks, promoted the rapid increase and continuous enrichment of the number of children's textbooks in the Song Dynasty, and provided a material premise for the development of children's education.
Thirdly, the development of children's education in the Song Dynasty promoted the popularization of cultural education and the improvement of the cultural quality of ordinary people in society to a certain extent, which further promoted the further prosperity and development of the culture in the Song Dynasty and played a unique cultural effect in maintaining the feudal patriarchal clan system and social stability and continuing the feudal tradition.
As the most basic form of basic education, Mongolian children's education in Song Dynasty has far-reaching historical and cultural significance for the development of social and cultural education.
The development of Mongolian children's education, to a certain extent, promoted the popularization of cultural education and the further improvement of the cultural quality of ordinary people, and further promoted the further prosperity and development of Song culture.
After the Song Dynasty, with the decline of the hierarchical system, the popularization of education gradually formed, and the object of Mongolian children's education expanded to all social strata, especially the rise of family education in the Song Dynasty, which made it a regional universal education form and met the needs of different social strata for cultural education.
Famous thinkers and educators in the Song Dynasty taught children from all walks of life common sense of reading and writing, common sense of daily life and some natural science knowledge by compiling children's textbooks with a wide range of contents and various forms, which made the cultural quality of the whole society far exceed that of the Han and Tang Dynasties.
The development of Mongolian children's education in Song Dynasty promoted the popularization of social culture and the improvement of members' cultural quality, which in turn promoted the prosperity of cultural education in Song Dynasty.
The development of Mongolian children's education in Song Dynasty, to some extent, accelerated the cultural transformation of the upper elite and the lower people. In the Song Dynasty in the late feudal society, sensitive feudal intellectuals, represented by Neo-Confucianism and mastering elite culture, defended feudal cultural traditions in theory and action with abnormal cultural consciousness.
They tried to realize it by reviving Confucianism? For heaven and earth, for life? Therefore, they need to find the best way to spread their ideology directly to ordinary people. As the most critical period of life education, Mongolian children's education in Song Dynasty was highly valued by intellectuals.
They began to move from reading to society, from temples to folk. By compiling teaching materials and holding lectures, they promoted all kinds of teaching materials for children of feudal intellectuals to the mainland, so that this profound Confucian rationality was refined, refined and popularized among the people, and the feudal ethical preaching was transformed into the requirements of people's daily life, which objectively promoted the transformation from elite culture to mass culture.
With its unique cultural communication power, Mongolian children's education has played a unique cultural effect in maintaining the feudal patriarchal clan system and social stability and continuing the feudal tradition.
The education of Mongolian children in Song Dynasty is an important link in cultural exchange and an important way for rulers to control their thoughts. Many feudal intellectuals, who claimed to be officials and professors, often took social education as their responsibility and paid attention to educating the people everywhere. As rulers, they realized the education of Mongolian children? School? One of the most convenient ways to achieve the goal is to widely publicize the way of governing the country and safeguarding the country, as well as feudal cultural concepts such as loyalty, benevolence and filial piety.
From an early age, they spread the rulers' thoughts on discipline ethics into the people's ideology, urged social members to receive ethics education based on Neo-Confucianism from an early age, and transformed the ideology demanded by the rulers into the moral consciousness of ordinary people in society.