First, the relaxation training method
Relaxation training, also known as relaxation training, is a psychological counseling method that consciously controls one's psychological and physiological activities, reduces the activation level and improves the disorder function of the body through training. The purpose is to change muscle tension and relieve the pain caused by muscle tension to cope with emotional tension, anxiety, uneasiness and anger, that is, to relax the spirit through muscle relaxation to cope with the pressure in life. Generally speaking, this method helps the client to experience and feel the tense state and relaxed state by tightening muscles, taking a deep breath, releasing current thoughts and paying attention to his heartbeat times, and compares the differences between them. For example, the gradual relaxation method is to take a comfortable and relaxed sitting position or lying position in a quiet environment, and perform "contraction-relaxation" alternate exercises on the muscles of the whole body according to instructions or prescribed procedures. Every time the muscles contract for 5- 10 seconds, relax for 30-40 seconds. Through repetition, people realize what tension is, thus improving their ability to eliminate tension and achieve relaxation. Relaxation training can be used when students are usually nervous and anxious, especially before exams. The stress caused by anxiety and tension can be relieved by relaxation training.
Second, the system desensitization method
Desensitization refers to getting rid of and eliminating allergies. This means that when students are overly sensitive to certain things, people and the environment, counselors can have incompatible reactions to the parties, so that they are no longer sensitive to things or people that may cause sensitive reactions. If some children are afraid of mice, they will feel extremely scared when they see them: screaming, rapid heartbeat, pale face and so on. For this allergic reaction, be accompanied by someone the child trusts (parents, teachers, etc.). ), we can engage in happy things at the same time, from irrelevant topics to topics about mice, from mouse pictures to mouse toys, from mouse images on TV and tape recorders to real mice, from far and near, gradually approaching cages with mice, encouraging children to see and touch them repeatedly until they are no longer overly afraid of mice. Desensitization is generally used in combination with relaxation training. The general procedure is as follows: Carry out general relaxation training, relax all parts of the body, and establish the intensity level of anxiety stimulation. The client imagines the worst situation to the slightest anxiety situation, and combines the anxiety stimulation imagination with relaxation training activities to let the students relax their muscles, and then gradually improve their imagination from the slightest anxiety stimulation level until there is no anxiety reaction at the highest level. If you have a certain degree of anxiety, you should return to a lighter degree, resume or pause.
Third, the impact method
Also known as exposure method and total irrigation method, it is to give the parties a stimulus that causes strong anxiety or fear, so that anxiety or fear disappears. From the beginning, the impact method allows the client to enter the situation that makes him feel most anxious or afraid, or use imagination, or watch movies and videos, or directly enter the real situation, so that the client can accept various forms of anxiety and fear stimulation, and at the same time, the client who asks for help is not allowed to take evasive actions such as closing his eyes, crying and blocking his ears. Under repeated stimulation, the client's heart beats faster, he has difficulty breathing, his face turns pale and his limbs get cold because of anxiety and fear, but the terrible disaster that the client is most worried about has never happened, so the reaction of anxiety and fear is correspondingly alleviated or subsided. The "devil training camp" reported at home and abroad all uses this method to improve the psychological quality of trainers. When using the influence method, we should pay attention to: establishing the main goal of persuasion, such as finding out who, what and what are causing the fear and anxiety of the parties; Explaining the purpose, significance and process of this law to psychological counselors requires a high degree of cooperation, strong confidence and determination, and clients are not allowed to escape, otherwise fear and anxiety will be aggravated and counseling will fail; Tutors can adopt the model law and train together with the parties when necessary; Using this method, we must have a full understanding of the physical and mental conditions of the parties to avoid accidents.
Fourth, disgust method.
Refers to the use of punitive and aggressive stimuli, through direct or indirect imagination, to eliminate or reduce some maladaptive behavior. Its general principle is to combine disgusting stimuli, such as electric shock, vomiting, verbal reprimand, imagination and so on. Form a new conditioned reflex with some bad behaviors of the parties in order to fight against the original bad behaviors and then eliminate them. For example, in order to wean their children, rural women coat their nipples with coptis root, pepper or ugly colors, so that children feel bad or afraid when sucking, thus achieving the purpose of weaning. The aversion method can use electric shock, drugs, imagination and other methods. The common method of psychological counseling is to use imagination to produce disgust to suppress bad psychology and behavior. Imaginary aversion method is to link some disgusting situations described orally by psychological counselors with the stimuli imagined by the clients, so as to make them have an aversion reaction, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing or stopping some bad behavior in psychological counseling. Take sexual psychopathy as an example. When patients have unhealthy impulses, they should immediately close their eyes and imagine a tall policeman standing in front of them, or imagine being caught red-handed and being criticized and humiliated in front of everyone, and imagine how they are ruined and ashamed on this occasion, so as to achieve the purpose of hating this behavior. In fact, this method is sometimes used unintentionally. For example, some lovelorn young people are very painful because they are obsessed with their lovers, so they think about each other's shortcomings or physical defects, so as to restrain each other's attraction to themselves and get rid of their depression. This is the application of disgust method. In order to achieve sufficient stimulation intensity, some auxiliary devices or means can be used when using aversion counseling. If you have compulsion, you can put a rubber band on your wrist for disgust training. When there is a certain compulsion, you can play the rubber band one after another to hit your wrist, causing pain. At the same time, blame or remind yourself not to think. The number and intensity of bomb pulling depends on the emergence and disappearance of the concept of compulsion until the problem disappears. Attention should be paid when using aversion method, because it is a cruel and immoral punishment method, and the tutor should obtain the consent of the other party before using it. Generally, it should be regarded as the last method choice.