1.
Clever notes on classifying test sites
The most common and dangerous biological factors are HIV and hepatitis B and C viruses.
Physical factors ① Mechanical injuries: falls, sprains, bumps, etc. The most common serious injury is disc herniation ② sharp instrument injury: it is one of the most common occupational injury factors and the most important factor leading to blood-borne diseases. ③ Radiation damage ④ Temperature damage ⑤ Noise: Long-term exposure to sound intensity exceeding 40dB can cause hearing and nervous system damage.
Chemical factors ① Chemical disinfectants ② Chemotherapeutic drugs: Common hazards include decreased white blood cell count, increased abortion rate, and even deformity, tumor and organ damage.
? Psychological and social factors
2.？ Protective measures for nurses' occupational injuries
(1) Hand washing: You must wash your hands after touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta and pollutants, regardless of whether you wear gloves. Wash your hands before taking off your gloves and touching another patient. Wash your hands with disinfectant during the epidemic of infection or infectious disease.
(2) Protective articles include hats, masks, goggles or masks, isolation gown, shoe covers, gloves, etc.
(3) After the clothes are contaminated, you should take them off as soon as possible and wash your hands immediately.
(4) Wear gloves: ① Wear gloves when there is a wound; (2) gloves should be replaced immediately after being damaged during operation; (3) contact with blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta and contaminated items, wear clean gloves (without disinfection). ④ Clean gloves should be replaced when touching mucous membrane or uncontaminated skin. ⑤ Take off gloves and wash your hands after use.
3. Prevent sharp injuries
(1) It is forbidden to re-cap used needles (except arterial blood gas analysis).
(2) After use, the sharps should be put into a stab-proof and leak-proof sharps box.
(3) Nurses' sharp injuries should be treated locally; Documents; Regular physical examination: vaccination.
(4) Emergency treatment methods
(1) In case of needle stick injury, immediately press the wound from the proximal end to the distal end, and local pressing of the wound is prohibited.
② Thoroughly clean the wound with soapy water, and repeatedly rinse the wound with running water; Rinse the mucosa with isotonic saline.
③ Disinfect and bandage the wound with 0.5% iodophor or 75% ethanol.
4. Protect from the damage caused by chemotherapy drugs
(1) Operation requirements of chemotherapy drugs
(1) Pour it into the bottom of the bottle along the bottle wall at night, and shake the powder after soaking.
(2) After the liquid medicine is diluted, the gas is pumped out to prevent the pressure in the bottle from being too high.
(3) Do not discharge the liquid medicine into the air after extraction.
(4) The extracted liquid medicine does not exceed 3/4 of the syringe.
⑤ After operation, scrub the console, wash your hands and take a bath.
⑥ Wear gloves when giving drugs intravenously.
(2) Treatment requirements for leakage of chemotherapy drugs and personnel exposure
(1) If the chemotherapeutic drugs are leaked, the scope of the chemotherapeutic drugs leakage shall be marked immediately. Absorb the spilled liquid medicine with gauze, gently wipe the powder with wet gauze and wipe it with soapy water.
(2) The liquid spilled on the work clothes or masks should be replaced immediately. The liquid medicine is splashed on the skin and washed with soapy water and clean water; Rinse the contaminated eyes with clean water and normal saline.
Step 5 prevent serious injuries
(1) Maintain correct working posture.
(1) when the work is intermittent, change the posture appropriately to reduce the load on the spine.
② When standing, the lower limbs take turns to support the body weight.
③ The lumbar spine is straight when standing or sitting.
(4) When bending down to lift heavy objects, straighten your waist, separate your feet, bend your hips and squat down, and stand up to lift heavy objects.
Qualification Examination for Education Nurses in Elotong —— [Intensive Practice]
1. Among the following options, () is not caused by physical factors.
A. Suture needle injury B. Chronic lumbar muscle strain C. Fluoride poisoning? D. Lumbar disc herniation E. Varicose veins of lower limbs
Answer: c
Analysis: fluoride poisoning belongs to nursing occupational injury caused by chemical factors, and other options belong to physical factors, so C.
2. If a nurse is accidentally stabbed by a contaminated sharp instrument at work, the first measure that should be taken is ().
A. Wash the wound with soapy water B. Disinfect the wound with disinfectant C. Report to the head nurse in time.
D, squeezing blood from the proximal end to the distal end of the wound; E. carry out serum virology examination.
Answer: d
Analysis: When a sharp instrument injury occurs, it should be immediately squeezed from the proximal end to the distal end of the wound, and local compression of the wound is prohibited, which is the primary measure; Washing the skin with soapy water and tap water, disinfecting the wound with 0.5% iodophor or 75% ethanol, reporting and filling in the registration form of sharp instrument injury in time, and doing serum virology examination are all emergency treatment methods for sharp instrument injury, but they are not the primary measures, so choose D.
3. The following measures to prevent serious injury are incorrect ()
A. Strengthen physical exercise B. Reduce the load on the spine? C. when bending down to carry heavy objects, straighten your legs? D. avoid bending for a long time? E. Avoid excessive workload
Answer: c
Analysis: when bending down to carry heavy objects, the waist should be straight, the feet should be separated, the hips should be bent down, and the weight should be lifted to lower the center of gravity and reduce the damage to the waist, so C.