The characteristics of the reading guidance school are: emphasizing the cultivation of students under the guidance of teachers, and taking the Chinese teaching process as a student cultivation process. Qian Menglong believes that in the teaching process, students are the main body, teachers are the dominant, and training is the main line. "What is training? Training refers to the teaching and guidance of teachers; Practice refers to the actual operation of students. Training is a process of cooperative activities between teachers and students with the course content as the intermediary and the development of students as the goal. Cai clarified: "there is no other way to teach, but to seek good guidance." . On the basis of "three subjects" teaching theory, Qian Menglong put forward a "four-style" classroom teaching structure: autonomous reading class, lecture reading class, practice class and repetition class, in which autonomous reading class is the main class type of reading guidance. He constructed a "five-step teaching method of guiding learning": recognizing reading perception, distinguishing style and analyzing questions, directional question and answer, deep thinking and questioning, and repeating. The art of reading the famous works.
School of Thinking: Features: The creative theory is used to guide the reform of Chinese teaching, and the main task of Chinese teaching is to cultivate students' creative quality. Put forward the future education view of cultivating talents for 2 1 century. "Creative thinking training is not another set, but to guide students to use creative thinking in listening, speaking, reading and writing activities and to use creative thinking in normal learning activities in class." In the long-term practice, I put forward the "three principles of teaching better": not superstitious about the ancients, not superstitious about famous teachers, and not superstitious about famous teachers. Welcome: welcome to question, welcome to express opinions different from textbooks, and welcome to express opinions different from teachers; Three rights: allowing mistakes, changing opinions and reserving opinions.
Characteristics of management school: applying cybernetics and management theory to Chinese education, combining education management with Chinese teaching, and emphasizing students' self-study ability and self-management education ability. It advocates "self-improvement" as the first priority, followed by "educating people" and "teaching" as the third. Advocate democracy and science in teaching. Wei Shusheng believes that democratization is mainly to solve the problem of students' willingness to learn, scientifically solve the problem of students' learning, scientifically teach and scientifically learn. In the teaching structure, a "six-step teaching method" aimed at cultivating students' self-study ability is constructed: positioning, self-study, discussion, answering questions, self-test and self-summary. Zhang Fu put forward the theory of "jumping to pick fruit".
Language sense school: represented by Hong. Features: Pay attention to language sense training, guide students to follow the ways of feeling, understanding, accumulation and application, and cultivate students' ability to correctly understand and use the language and characters of the motherland. It advocates optimizing the basic procedures of Chinese teaching and establishing a new model of "feeling language, arousing language sense-tasting language, understanding language sense-practicing language, gaining language sense-accumulating language and accumulating language sense". This paper puts forward the educational thought of "three masters and one pair": the three masters take the essence language (the language of China ancient fine products containing the essence of traditional culture), the target language and the companion language as the main line, the one pair is Chinese knowledge, and the secondary line is to enhance the rational observation of language.
The characteristics of Chinese teaching points are: centering on classroom teaching, organically combining Chinese learning with various student activities, combining Chinese learning with life learning, combining ability training with intellectual development, and combining reading, writing, listening and speaking with all-round training of students. Put forward the viewpoint of "teaching big Chinese and cultivating small talents". Zhang Xiaochun's "one body and two wings" Chinese teaching structure: taking classroom teaching as the main body, opening up the second language learning channels and optimizing the Chinese learning environment. Yao founded the "Ten Capabilities" Chinese teaching system: cultivating talents, practicing ability, setting energy items, compiling energy series, arranging energy courses, dividing energy levels, memorizing energy points, evaluating energy scales, marking energy numbers and establishing energy associations.
Characteristics of target teaching schools: Guided by the classification theory of educational goals of American educational psychologist Bloom and combined with the characteristics of Chinese subject, Chinese teaching goals are formulated. Target teaching procedures include: target display, premise evaluation, guiding learning to reach the standard, reaching the standard evaluation, learning feedback, and checking for missing parts. In guiding students to reach the standard, it emphasizes the dual role of teachers' teaching and students' learning, that is, teachers teach for reaching the standard and students learn for reaching the standard. The goal is to pay attention to the hierarchy and scientificity of the goal. At the level, it is generally divided into four levels: memory, understanding, application and synthesis. Compared with the traditional purpose teaching, it has obvious characteristics, the most obvious is that it takes a series of teaching objectives as the core.
Based on the idea of "cultivating students' fast writing ability step by step based on the great potential of human brain with fast coding function", Quick Writing College took the lead in proposing the writing speed targets of "500 words in 40 minutes in primary school", "600 words in 40 minutes in junior high school" and "800 words in 40 minutes in senior high school", and created 168 kinds of fast writing to achieve the above writing targets. This is of epoch-making significance in the history of composition teaching.
Fast-reading school: represented by Cheng, Yan, Pan Yimin, "based on the great potential of human brain to mobilize visual scanning consciousness and absorb characters and symbols, with the main goal of improving reading speed, reading efficiency and reading ability through intensive training", comprehensively applying the relevant principles of pedagogy, psychology, physiology, linguistics, thinking, brain science and other disciplines, drawing lessons from China's excellent traditional reading methods and means, starting with stimulating students' reading enthusiasm, and conducting regular quantitative training.