1 Break through the closure and broaden the horizon of knowledge.
"Traditional" teachers often confine themselves to the narrow world of books, classrooms and schools, immerse themselves in the digestion of teaching materials and teaching reference books, and are busy teaching the old knowledge system, so it is difficult to get out of school and go to the big classroom of society. To a great extent, this makes their professional knowledge lack originality, and their teaching is often divorced from the times and life, which is very narrow, poor and outdated. Only by breaking through the shackles of self-isolation and adapting to the development of the current era and the requirements of the new curriculum reform will it be conducive to the optimization and renewal of professional knowledge. On the one hand, through self-study, I try my best to absorb the latest research results of this discipline, learn the advanced experience of excellent teachers, and enhance my understanding of the knowledge of marginal disciplines related to my teaching major. Constantly integrate new subject knowledge into the professional knowledge system, and on the basis of solid basic knowledge, move towards "wide, large, precise and deep". In order to make their own professional knowledge structure learn from others, self-contained and unique. Really become a "generalist" who knows both knowledge and skills, is versatile and proficient. On the other hand, we should give full play to the advantages of the group, carry out horizontal contacts, activate academic exchanges, make up for the lack of professional knowledge, and add fresh blood to professional knowledge. Peer to peer should form a good fashion of mutual learning, mutual promotion and friendly competition. Teachers should even boldly go out of school, study in social practice and broaden their professional knowledge.
2 Adhere to the accumulation of targeted professional knowledge.
The accumulation of professional knowledge is a long process. Only when it reaches a certain amount can it play a role. No matter what course you are a teacher, you should persevere and accumulate over time. Only when you do it with your heart, aim at the direction and accumulate with your goals, is it the most effective. With goals, we can talk about planning and arrangement, clearly know what to accumulate, and choose more useful knowledge to expand our professional knowledge on the basis of judging the relative value of knowledge. The accumulation of goals must also proceed from their own reality, step by step, with emphasis, and step by step. Don't aim too high and don't live in a corner. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the accumulated art and scientific storage methods. Only by accumulating professional knowledge in a targeted, scientific and effective way can we build a building of professional knowledge and optimize and update our professional knowledge structure.
3. Strengthen the overall effect of professional knowledge.
Teachers' professional knowledge structure can be divided into three elements: professional subject knowledge, professional basic knowledge and professional frontier knowledge. Although they have different connotations and characteristics, they are an interdependent whole. In the process of education and teaching, teachers should strive to master professional knowledge, not to solidify their own professional knowledge or a part of professional knowledge, but to make them interact and complement each other. At the same time, we should try our best to grasp the vertical and horizontal connection between professional knowledge from the overall structure, so that our professional knowledge can be integrated into one furnace and the overall effect of professional knowledge can be fully exerted.
Master new learning methods.
The development of modern knowledge presents three characteristics: the total amount of knowledge increases sharply, the speed of knowledge metabolism increases, and there are more and more carriers of knowledge. Teachers must change old learning concepts and adopt new learning methods.
1) Broaden the channels for acquiring knowledge: acquiring knowledge through books is the first channel; Extensive social activities and popularization
Radio, TV and Internet are the second channels to acquire knowledge, and teachers must organically combine these two channels to optimize and update the professional knowledge structure.
2) Learn to acquire knowledge from different knowledge carriers and forms: Internet, systematic books and fast learning.
Newspapers, magazines and video materials are the sources to optimize and update teachers' professional knowledge structure. 3) Be good at acquiring knowledge from knowledge resources hidden in various social functional units: knowledge system and the whole library.
Face; Museums and archives have rich knowledge of history and physics; The knowledge resources of scientific research institutions are new and professional, and teachers can acquire the required knowledge according to their own educational and teaching needs.
4) Be good at processing the acquired knowledge: Teachers should be good at sorting out the vast amount of materials.
Analysis, comparison, synthesis and judgment can turn "raw materials" into finished products, thus adding value to the collected knowledge. take for example
Some teachers are good at using information cards to search their collected knowledge, which is easy to find and use and has achieved good results.
5. Improve scientific research ability.
Improving teachers' scientific research ability is of dual significance for optimizing and updating teachers' professional knowledge structure. Scientific research itself is a process from scratch, from unknown to known, and even this process itself is already enriching and developing teachers' knowledge structure. At the same time, in the process of scientific research, the knowledge level of some teachers will conflict with the scientific research objectives, which can stimulate teachers' desire for knowledge and promote them to go deeper, broader and newer knowledge fields. At present, the focus of teachers' scientific research is mainly on disciplines and majors, while ignoring the research on educational science. Many educational research experts have never personally practiced educational science. If this situation is not changed, it will directly affect the optimization and updating of teachers' professional knowledge structure and the optimization of education and teaching effects.
Third, improve teachers' innovative ability. Teachers' innovative ability refers to the ability of teachers to carry out educational and teaching exploration and scientific research practice activities under the guidance of modern educational concepts, and to create new theories and methods that conform to educational laws and can produce positive benefits. 1, with modern educational ideas and creative thinking. In the view of traditional education, "teaching" means teaching books and teaching exam-oriented skills; "Learning" means learning books and endorsing them. Therefore, teachers "fill in" for exams, and students "practice" for exams. From the perspective of modern education, "teaching" is not only a textbook, but also a way to teach students how to use their brains, how to think and how to learn. It is necessary to develop IQ, improve intelligence level, develop EQ and cultivate good personality. The content of students' learning is not only book knowledge, but also how to learn, how to communicate with others and how to be a person. The means of learning is not only to use the brain, but also to see, listen and touch a variety of senses; The learning process is not only carried out at a certain stage, but is continuous and lifelong. Therefore, teachers should consider students' lifelong development, adhere to the direction of quality education and pay attention to cultivating students' innovative spirit and practical ability. It can be seen that it is precisely because of the great differences between the two educational views that different educational thoughts and behaviors are caused. Therefore, teachers should attach importance to the study of modern educational ideas and the renewal of educational concepts. Modern educational concept is the premise of cultivating innovative ability; And active innovative thinking is the key to cultivate innovative ability. Because the new theories, new methods and new things that people want to create are unknown, only by using creativity, especially the wings of imagination, can we describe the unknown world vividly and predict and foresee the laws of things.
2. Determined to practice educational innovation.
1) can create new teaching methods.
Education and teaching methods are the concrete ways and means to realize education and teaching objectives. A teacher with innovative consciousness and ability should not only be good at inheriting and drawing lessons from the advanced education and teaching theories and experiences of predecessors or others, but also be good at summing up and creating teaching methods with his own characteristics according to the new education and teaching scenes, teaching contents, teaching objects and teaching objectives, so as to obtain better education and teaching effects. 2) It can optimize the education and teaching process.
The process of education and teaching consists of education and teaching links, especially the different connections and combinations between teaching links, which will directly affect the teaching effect. Therefore, the design and combination of teaching links is also the embodiment of teachers' innovative ability. For example, in the geography teaching method of senior high school, the author often tries the teaching process of "showing test questions-compiling teaching materials-trying to practice-students discussing-teachers explaining". 3) It can create a new education and teaching mode and a new classroom.
Education and teaching mode is not a fixed framework, but a necessary form to embody a certain education and teaching concept and achieve a certain education and teaching goal. Constructing high-quality and efficient education and teaching mode is the concentrated expression of teachers' innovative ability. Different from the teaching mode, the class type is a framework; Class type refers to the way of learning. This new class type is different from the traditional "teacher to student" class type. Instead, students are placed in the main position, relying on social classes to closely integrate courses with social practice. The study place can be far away from the classroom, and the study materials are not necessarily textbooks. 3, the ability to carry out research-based learning courses
Research-based learning refers to a learning activity in which students, under the guidance of teachers, independently discover and determine topics from their own learning life and social life, and actively acquire knowledge, apply knowledge and solve problems in a way similar to scientific research. Its core is to change students' learning style and emphasize active inquiry learning. Its orientation is: to stimulate students' active exploration, to cultivate students' innovative spirit as the pursuit goal, to encourage students to participate in frontier research of disciplines, to require students' research results to be scientific, but not to force each student's final research results to be unique. On the value orientation of curriculum, it is not students' inheritance of existing knowledge, but the process of students discovering, studying and creatively solving problems. It not only attaches importance to the achievements of research-based learning, but also highlights the cultivation of students' scientific spirit and creative personality. Research-based learning course, guided by innovative ideas, establishes the idea that every student has creative desire and potential, stimulates students' creativity, guides students to participate in creative practice, teaches students creative thinking methods, and encourages students to "discover what others have not done" and "do what others have not done" in the process of inquiry.
4. Pay attention to the integration of information technology with curriculum and teaching.
People pay more and more attention to multimedia computer because of its powerful functions, especially the function of three-dimensional animation, which is irreplaceable by other media. Many abstract theories and knowledge images can be vividly displayed by three-dimensional animation technology. For example, the changes in the length of day and night caused by the earth's movement, which is difficult for students to understand and teachers to explain, can be vividly demonstrated by multimedia computers. The application of multimedia in classroom teaching will play a powerful role in the overall improvement of students' quality. Its audio, graphic and text functions reproduce the accumulated knowledge of human beings with various signals, which can make the teaching process lively and improve students' perception level and interest in learning. Its demonstration function liberates teachers from a lot of repetitive work, provides teachers with tools for image expression and enhances the acceptability of knowledge; Its simulation function and colorful forms of expression contain great potential for developing intelligence, which is conducive to developing students' thinking in images and abstract thinking ability.
Fourth, psychological quality.
1. Discussion on the causes of teachers' psychological problems
1) The psychological conflict caused by teachers' multiple roles is an important reason for teachers' mental health problems.
The nature of teachers' work determines that teachers should play multiple roles: they are the imparting of knowledge and the managers of student activities, and they are responsible for the education and management of students; They are the agents of students' parents and are responsible for taking care of students at a certain time; They are students' friends and therapists, and they need to exchange ideas and feelings with students on an equal footing. They are also communicators in interpersonal relationships and need to deal with other teachers, parents of students and school leaders; At the same time, he has to play various roles in the family outside the school, such as being a father, a mother and a son, and dealing with various interpersonal relationships in family life. Multi-directional role transformation is easy to cause teachers' psychological contradictions and conflicts, resulting in teachers' mental health problems. Therefore, it is impossible to change roles well, which makes some teachers unable to handle various relationships well and increases their psychological burden.
2) Multiple pressures from life and work are the main reasons for teachers' psychological problems.
With the deepening of the reform of socialist market economy, and with the attention of the party and the country to education, the expectations of society and parents for education are increasing day by day, and the requirements for teachers are getting higher and higher, which makes teachers face unprecedented pressure and competition. In order to cope with the pressure from the school society, from the pressure of tight responsibility and time, from the pressure of high salary and low income, from the pressure of appointment system reform, teachers are faced with the pressure of being dismissed and laid off. Teachers are like a string that is always taut. Overworked, teachers suffer more psychological obstacles than ordinary people: serious inferiority complex, prominent jealousy, high anxiety, tension, depression and insomnia.
3) Teachers' lack of self-psychological control ability and channels to solve psychological problems is another reason for teachers' serious psychological problems. In the past, when talking about mental health, people first thought of students' mental health, but rarely thought that teachers also had mental health problems. People often only pay attention to the quality of teachers' education and teaching, emphasize their professionalism and sense of responsibility, and ignore the maintenance of their mental health. The blank of teachers' psychological service institutions and the lack of teachers' mental health knowledge make teachers' psychological problems unable to be adjusted and treated in time, and also make teachers' educational and teaching behaviors deviate.
2. Maintenance of teachers' mental health
1) Pay attention to mental health and create a good environment. Education administrative departments and school leaders should fully realize the importance of teachers' mental health and take effective measures. For example, school leaders should change their management concepts, promote democracy, care for teachers, create a relaxed and harmonious working environment for teachers, and establish good interpersonal relationships; It is necessary to improve teachers' professional ability and let teachers experience a sense of accomplishment in the growth of students; Do everything possible to solve life difficulties for teachers and relieve teachers' worries; Equipped with mental health workers, hold mental health lectures regularly, guide teachers to master the theoretical knowledge of mental health, and promote teachers' mental health.
2) Enhance mental health care awareness and master psychological adjustment methods. Teachers should have the consciousness of mental health care and realize that mental health should be maintained by themselves, all external help is indirect, and what psychologists can do is to "help others". Therefore, teachers should be kind to themselves, help themselves, master psychological adjustment methods and maintain mental health.
(1) Know yourself correctly, confirm your self-worth and accept yourself. The ancients have a long-standing proverb: "People know themselves", "I was born to be useful" and so on. Many teachers can't grasp themselves correctly because of their self-cognitive deviation, which brings many psychological problems and even forms psychological diseases. Therefore, if teachers can correctly understand themselves, accept themselves, develop themselves and improve themselves, they can improve their psychological maturity and reflect their values.
(2) Adjust emotions and maintain psychological balance. Psychosomatic research in modern psychology holds that emotion plays a central role in mental illness. Positive emotions can strengthen health, while negative emotions will not only weaken health, but also easily lead to psychological disorders. However, in the face of heavy work, complicated and changeable educational objects and rapidly changing world, teachers will inevitably bring all kinds of negative emotional reactions. If you don't guide them in time, it will not only affect yourself, but also be projected on students. When teachers have bad emotions, they can try emotional adjustment to maintain psychological balance. For example, masturbate with the spirit of "Ah Q"; Vent reasonably through physical exercise, listening to music and other activities; Change the way of thinking, choose cognitive adjustment methods that are beneficial to you to think about problems. (3) Establish a good interpersonal circle. Psychologists have long pointed out that people's psychological adaptation is the adaptation to interpersonal relationships. The higher the mental health level of individuals with good interpersonal relationships, the stronger their ability to bear setbacks and adapt to society, and the more successful they will be in social life. Therefore, teachers should learn to communicate with others and be good at communicating with others, so as to integrate themselves into society harmoniously and ensure a healthy psychology. Successful teachers are often willing to communicate with students and others, especially those who are good at dealing with students. Teachers should really be good teachers and friends of students.
(4) be aggressive and work hard. People with a high level of mental health have a positive and enterprising spirit. They try their best to exert their personality and intelligence in their work and get satisfaction and encouragement from the results of their work. Only teachers who love their education work and regard work as a pleasure rather than a burden can maintain a healthy psychology.
3. Teachers' psychological quality.
1) Have a keen sensibility, and be able to observe the changes in students' study and life and respond in time. This kind of sensitivity will also urge teachers to pay attention to new knowledge and information from the outside world and constantly enrich themselves.
2) Teachers should have creative thinking ability. The educational environment will not remain the same forever, and the educational objects will not be exactly the same. Teachers should have the ability to improvise and have the flexibility and creativity of thinking. At the same time, if teachers can introduce creative thinking into teaching, it will certainly promote the development of students' creativity. 3) Teachers should have high EQ. That is, teachers have good emotional adjustment and control ability. As a member of society, teachers, like ordinary people, will experience all kinds of setbacks and blows, and also have all kinds of complicated emotional experiences, but negative emotions are not suitable for bringing into the classroom, so teachers must learn how to control their emotions and enter the role with a good mood.
4) Have strong will quality. Teaching is a complicated process, and the cultivation of people is a long process. If teachers lack tenacity, perseverance and perseverance, they will not be able to complete the teaching task well.
5) Good interpersonal skills. Good interpersonal relationship can create a harmonious working atmosphere, and friendly and mutual-help colleague relationship can reduce the great pressure at work.
6) Be able to actively adapt to and improve the new environment and skillfully change roles.