1. Diabetes education, the best diabetes management is team management. The main members of the diabetes management team should include: medical practitioners [primary doctors and/or specialists], diabetes educators (education nurses), nutritionists, sports rehabilitation teachers, patients and their families.
2. Self-management: Self-management means that patients undertake certain prevention and treatment management tasks with the assistance of professionals (health managers).
3. Self-blood sugar monitoring
Self-blood sugar monitoring is an important measure to guide blood sugar control to reach the standard, and also an important means to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. It is the most ideal method to detect blood sugar by fingertip capillary, but if the conditions are limited, it is acceptable to detect urine sugar, including quantitative urine sugar detection. Self-blood sugar monitoring is suitable for all diabetic patients, but for insulin injection and pregnant women, in order to strictly control blood sugar and reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia, these patients must carry out self-blood sugar monitoring.
(1) The frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose: It depends on the goal and mode of treatment.
① Patients with poor blood sugar control or critically ill patients should be monitored 4 ~ 7 times a day until their condition is stable and their blood sugar is controlled. When the condition is stable or has reached the goal of blood sugar control, you can monitor 1 ~ 2 days every week.
② Patients with insulin therapy should monitor their blood sugar at least 5 times a day at the initial stage of treatment, and 2-4 times a day after reaching the treatment goal; Patients who take oral drugs and carry out lifestyle intervention should monitor their blood sugar 2 ~ 4 times a week after reaching the standard.
Blood sugar monitoring time:
③ Pre-prandial blood glucose test: When the blood glucose level is very high, the fasting blood glucose level should be paid attention to first, and those at risk of hypoglycemia (the elderly and those with better blood glucose control) should also be tested for pre-prandial blood glucose.
④ 2-hour postprandial blood glucose monitoring: it is suitable for those whose fasting blood glucose has been well controlled, but still can't reach the treatment goal.
⑤ Monitoring of blood sugar before going to bed: It is suitable for patients who are injected with insulin, especially those who are injected with medium or long-acting insulin.
⑥ Blood sugar monitoring at night: It is suitable for those whose fasting blood sugar is still high when insulin therapy approaches the treatment target.
⑦ Blood sugar should be monitored in time when hypoglycemia symptoms appear.
8 Blood sugar should be monitored before and after strenuous exercise.
(2) Guidance and quality control of blood sugar monitoring: provide guidance on the monitoring techniques and methods for diabetic patients when they start self-monitoring of blood sugar, including how to measure blood sugar, when to monitor it, how to monitor the frequency and how to record the monitoring results. The diabetes management team should check the patient's self-blood glucose monitoring technology and calibrate the blood glucose meter 1 ~ 2 times a year, especially when the self-monitoring results are inconsistent with glycosylated hemoglobin or clinical conditions.
(3) Self-monitoring urine sugar: The goal of urine sugar control is that urine sugar is negative at any time, but urine sugar monitoring is not helpful to find hypoglycemia.
The above is the sharing of basic knowledge about health managers. I hope it will help everyone. If you want to know more, please pay attention to this platform in time!