Educational equity is an important content and fundamental guarantee for building a harmonious socialist society in China. However, the objective differences between regions, between urban and rural areas and between schools lead to the unbalanced development of basic education. With the development of economy and society, how to narrow the gap between urban and rural education and achieve balanced development has increasingly become a hot spot of social concern. Therefore, we should strengthen the status of basic education as a public product, increase government investment, focus on rural compulsory education, and strive to improve the quality of teachers, change ideas, improve the level of teaching management, and promote the rational layout of rural schools.
Keywords: education, fairness and mutual assistance, social class gap
For a long time, due to subjective and objective factors such as hierarchical management, urban-rural dual economic structure, multi-channel financing and backward development concept, there is a lack of deep understanding of the essential relationship between education and economic growth, which leads to urban-rural gap, regional gap, class gap and intercity gap in China's education development, and the gap is still widening. For example, due to the household registration system and other reasons, the children of migrant workers can't enjoy the same education level as the children in the inflow area, and the children of migrant workers can only attend schools with poor conditions or pay high borrowing fees to enter better schools. This has caused a heavy economic burden to the disadvantaged groups who are not rich, resulting in an unfair starting point of education. City-centered values have long led to the priority of capital investment over urban schools, and the exclusive use of high-quality educational resources by key urban schools, resulting in a serious imbalance in educational development between urban and rural areas and between cities with large economic development gaps, which is mainly reflected in per capita education funds, teacher level, employment rate and so on. The allocation of educational resources between urban and rural areas is very unbalanced. Although the government has increased investment in education, and the policy has also tilted towards rural areas, the financial differences between regions have directly led to the differentiation of regional educational resources due to the unbalanced regional economic development. The division between key schools and non-key schools and the increasing cost of choosing schools have led to the inter-school gap between rich schools and poor schools. In recent years, some schools have implemented government funding or public funding. Driven by interests, enterprises tend to invest in rich areas, while few enterprises in poor rural areas are willing to invest, thus widening the educational gap between urban and rural areas, and with the improvement of educational level, the educational gap between urban and rural areas is more obvious.
Balanced development of education is a necessary condition for building a harmonious socialist society in China. People-oriented, agriculture-oriented, requires us to truly solve the imbalance between urban and rural education capital investment and resource allocation. Almost all countries in the world, whether developed or developing, are striving to achieve a balanced development of education, and the government, as the main investor in basic education, should bear the main responsibility. Harmonious society is not only the harmony of material ecology and institutional structure, but also the harmony of people, and the formation of harmonious people depends on harmonious education. We should pursue the balance and growth of education investment, take the modern equity concept as the guide, attach importance to education legislation, and use modern educational technology to realize social equity and social harmonious development. Modern educational equity theory points out that educational equity includes equal rights, equal opportunities and compensation for the weak.
The new Compulsory Education Law, which was implemented in September 2006, first wrote the balanced development of education as a directional requirement into the national law. In the reality of huge differences, we must rely on the government's compensatory tilt policy, paying special attention to vulnerable areas and vulnerable people. At the same time, to realize agricultural modernization and industrialization lies in the development of rural human resources. Under the background of emerging industries and rapid economic development, the employment situation of rural low-skilled labor force is becoming more and more severe, which directly leads to their low income level and difficult life, and becomes the poor in the new economy. Only by realizing the overall development of urban and rural education and fully developing rural education can China be transformed from a country with a large population to a country with a large human resource. By optimizing the allocation of urban and rural educational resources and realizing the sharing of high-quality resources, a lot of funds can be saved for the country and greater school-running benefits can be achieved. At the same time, through the mutual assistance of urban and rural schools, we can broaden the horizons of local farmers, change backward concepts, and make schools become the center of local spiritual civilization construction, so as to produce economic and social benefits.
Judging from the population structure of our country, the rural population accounts for the majority. Building a new countryside needs scientific and technological support. It is an urgent task of the current education reform to narrow the gap between urban and rural education and run a satisfactory education for the people. There is still a big gap between China's education expenditure and the world average. The theory of human capital represented by Schultz holds that human resources are also capital, a part of generalized capital and a driving force of economic growth. Capital accumulation includes not only material capital and monetary capital, but also human capital. The improvement of population quality is mainly carried out through education, and high-quality human capital is the source of social production and economic development. Therefore, we should continue to increase the government's investment in education, and at the same time fully tap and utilize the existing educational resources to ensure the sustained economic growth of China. When we invest in rural education and implement the balanced allocation of urban and rural educational resources, we can upgrade it to a higher strategic position, solve the problem of agricultural product subsidies restricted by WTO by increasing rural education investment, so that farmers can get benefits and improve the competitiveness of China's agricultural products in international trade.
To realize the balanced development of urban and rural education, we can start from the following aspects: First, we should strive to promote the reform of education and teaching management, improve the management mechanism of teachers and strengthen the assessment of teachers' work. Strive to improve the level of education management and boldly reform the education management system. For example, the government should take the lead in establishing a dynamic and up-to-date management talent pool to change the phenomenon of lack of management talents, backward management methods and low management level in rural schools. Inter-school seminars are held regularly to exchange and learn the advanced educational concepts, school-running concepts and management experience of each school, and managers are sent to both schools for on-the-job training every year to achieve common development. At the same time, it will play the leading and radiating role of famous schools with characteristics and radiate its high-quality resources to urban and rural and regional schools.
At the same time, it is necessary to change the concept of running a school, carry out new curriculum reform, enhance the pertinence and practicability of running a school, and vigorously develop all kinds of employment-oriented vocational education. Secondly, strengthen teacher training and improve teachers' quality. Strengthen the training of backbone teachers, train young teachers at different levels, and form a reasonable echelon of teachers. The quality of teachers is the foundation of education, but at present, the overall quality of rural teachers is not high, so it is difficult to adapt to the new curriculum reform. We should pay full attention to the training of rural school teachers. Through policies, urban teachers are encouraged to support rural education, the teacher exchange system is promoted, excellent teachers are sent to post in weak schools, advanced teaching concepts and methods are transmitted to rural schools, project demonstrations are held, teaching seminars are held, and backward educational concepts and educational networks of rural teachers in remote areas are publicized. Distance education and other means should be fully utilized to realize the sharing of high-quality educational resources such as teachers' lesson preparation, students' exercises and audio-visual materials, and promote the common development of weak schools. And through inter-school team discussion, teacher classroom, expert comments and other ways, give full play to the leading role of urban schools, excellent urban teachers and young teachers in rural schools pair up, and improve teachers' professional quality. At the same time, teachers should be encouraged to participate in academic training and absorb the latest educational information. Moreover, efforts should be made to improve the wages and salaries of rural teachers, relax the conditions for the evaluation and employment of professional titles, and stabilize the rural teachers. Set up a special fund to encourage rural schools to hold outstanding activities.
There is a general shortage of teachers in rural areas, and the teacher-student ratio is too small, so it is difficult for teachers to improve the teaching quality. Therefore, we should improve the teacher-student ratio, effectively reduce the workload of teachers and narrow the gap between urban and rural education. Third, strengthen student exchanges and share the fruits of modern civilization. Make use of various means such as teacher-student pairing and student-student pairing to help the poor, and help a certain number of poor rural students every year. Within the urban and rural school mutual aid community, a twinning mutual aid plan should be formulated to clarify the rights and obligations of all parties and form a cooperative and interactive development team. Participate in information exchange, teaching and research observation, and teacher-student activities through the inter-school interaction mechanism. Within the mutual aid group, with scientific research as the leading factor, we should popularize educational ideas, establish teacher-student pairing assistance, standardize the school's pairing assistance behavior, and ensure the sustainability of mutual assistance behavior. Establish a special fund to reward rural students who have difficulties in life and excellent grades, and build a moral education network that integrates urban and rural areas so that both urban and rural students can receive education. At the same time, strengthen the cultural construction of rural schools and establish their cultural individuality and characteristics. Finally, comprehensively promote the adjustment of the layout structure of rural schools. Through relatively concentrated investment in education, we can improve the construction standards of rural schools, concentrate valuable and outstanding teachers in rural areas, improve the structure of school teachers and strengthen the construction of school teachers. Gradually abolish schools that are too small and scattered, promote the rationalization of school layout, improve scale efficiency and overall school-running level, and improve many disadvantages such as scattered education investment in the past. [Online text]
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