Any work, a classic, must have a supporting background.

And Historical Records are called the two great historical works in ancient China. Two peaks. Two different types of history books

After the Anshi Rebellion, the control of the central government was very limited, and after the demise of the Tang Dynasty, local buffer regions climbed to the top one after another. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was based on violence. Times of chaos.

After Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, the first task he faced was how to avoid the chaos in the later Tang Dynasty and how to maintain the long-term stability of his dynasty.

Zhao Kuangyin has the right to dismiss the soldiers with a glass of wine.

The Song Dynasty established a state management model oriented to cultural rule.

The nobles and military commanders in the Song Dynasty were deprived of their rights. Who will fill the right vacuum? During the period of Song Taizu and Zhao Guangyi, the imperial examination system played the greatest role in selecting talents through the imperial examination.

During the reign of Song Taizu in 17, he held 15 imperial examinations. Confessed 188 Jinshi. During Song Taizong's reign, he held eight imperial examinations and enrolled 1487 scholars.

During the period of Song Taizong, the gap of local officials was very large, and all positions needed to be appointed by the central government, so the talent team was not enough. The scope is often expanded on the basis of choosing doe.

Since Song Taizong, imperial examinations have officially become the most important way to select officials in ancient China.

Song Dynasty paid more and more attention to culture and education, and education became more popular, so movable type printing came into being.

Song advocated reading atmosphere, and thought that the best way to advocate reading atmosphere was to set an example. In addition to strengthening the imperial examination, the most important thing is to gather many scholars and scholars to study. Summarize the experience of spreading knowledge. A total of four big books were compiled.

Song Taizong's son, Song Zhenzong Zhao Huan, compiled another book, The Book of Yuan Gui (65,438+0,000 volumes), which is called the Four Books of Song Dynasty together with Taiping Official Records, Taiping General Category/Taiping Yulan and Wenyuan Huaying.

What did the appearance of Yuan Gui of Ci Fu pave the way for Zi Tong Zhi Jian?

Before the formal naming of Yuan Gui of Ci Fu, it was called the deeds of monarch and minister in past dynasties.

Characteristics of Yuan Gui: Almost all events are extracted from official history. It is obviously different from Magnolia in Tian Ping.

What's the difference between Song Taizong, who organized the compilation of Magnolia Taiping, and Song Zhenzong, who organized the compilation of Yuan Gui?

What is the biggest difference between a pioneering monarch and an inherited monarch?

The purpose of Song Taizong's reading is to set an example and be more meaningful.

Song Zhenzong inherited Song Taizong's policy line and advocated civilian government. According to the concept, reading is useful, and reading helps to govern the country. Better than his father in this concept.

At that time, politicians hoped that studying history would help improve their ability to govern the country. Under this concept, the compilation of history books is based on the belief that "taking history as a mirror is useful".

Purple Tongzhi Sword didn't come into being out of thin air, it came into being under the political and cultural background at that time.

The biggest feature of this political culture is that summing up historical experience and lessons will help people govern the country today.

The characteristics of meticulous brushwork and cherishing ink like gold are clearly reflected in Zi Tong Zhi Jian (historical events span 1400 years, from the Three Schools to Chen Qiao before the mutiny).

Li Bai did not appear in the history of Tang Dynasty in Zi Tong Zhi Jian, but Du Fu appeared once.

Purple Tongzhi Sword is committed to the rise and fall of the country, which is related to the people's honor and disgrace.

Basic starting point.

Not all political ideas are derived from summing up historical experiences and lessons, and many times they are even the other way around. When summing up history, it is often not the views that will affect today in the future, but what kind of ideas and methods are there today. Looking back at history, it is this rather than that. What do you think of current social events? Explain historical events in turn.

Summary:

Reasons for the maturity of Zi Tongzhi Sword and Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, in order to end the martial politics, it was necessary to have power to replace the vacant right space, so the civil service imperial examination system was advocated, and cultural education was emphasized. The rulers attached importance to their own reading and compiling books. In this context, Zi Tongzhi Sword came into being.

Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals had a great influence on Sima Guang, and the opening of Zi Tongzhi Jian was written after Zuo Zhuan.

Zi Tong Zhi Jian has 294 volumes, focusing on time and events, covering the history of 16 dynasty 1362, which lasted 19 years.

Sima Guang was admitted as a scholar during the period of Zhao Zhen, the fourth emperor of Song Renzong, and entered the official career. By the end of Song Renzong, he was already a representative of the Qing Zhuang school.

Song Renzong had no son, and many ministers advised him to adopt a son. Song Renzong never promised and never established a prince. Later, with the growth of age, he got a serious illness and his concept changed. At this time, Sima Guang played a decisive role in prompting Song Renzong to establish a prince. After tens of thousands of words, Song Renzong chose his nephew Zhao Shu as the prince (after Song Yingzong).

After Song Renzong's death, Yingzong acceded to the throne and was very grateful to Sima Guang. In order to repay Sima Guang and ask him what he wanted, Sima Guang took this opportunity to ask for the compilation of history books. Yingzong subsequently agreed to compile the book, and "Tongzhi Jian" became an official revision project.

Song Yingzong died after three years in office, and Song Shenzong Zhao Yong acceded to the throne (formerly known as Zhong Zhen, renamed Zhao Yong after entering the palace).

His political views were not adopted by Song Shenzong. He opposed Wang Anshi's political reform and was exiled to Luoyang City in 15 when Zi Tong Zhi Jian was published.

Song Shenzong and Sima Guang are completely different in political ideas, but very close and profound in emotion.

The conditions for Sima Guang to compile Zi Tong Zhi Jian are: 1. College students 2. A college student who knows politics. 3. A college student who knows politics and has leisure time. 4. A college student who knows politics, and an opponent who has no objection (after the political struggle failed, he was not hit by his relationship with Song Yingzong).

Why can't Su Dongpo write a book like Zi Tongzhi Jian?

Su Dongpo was displaced all his life and did not have the conditions.

Sima Guang's experience can't be copied, and Zi Tong Zhi Jian is a great masterpiece that can't be copied. There are many imitators, and no one can ever surpass them.