The new Vocational Education Law has made it clear for the first time that vocational education and general education have the same important position.
Promoting socialist modernization requires high-quality workers and high-level skills and technology, and calls for high-quality vocational education. How to keep pace with the times through the revision of the vocational education law? What changes will it bring to the education system? Xinhua Viewpoint reporter interviewed relevant experts.
First, it is clear for the first time that vocational education and general education are equally important.
In the public's previous cognition, the orientation of vocational education is vague. The newly revised Vocational Education Law makes it clear for the first time that vocational education is an educational type with the same important position as general education.
He Zhen, dean of the National Vocational Education Research Institute of Beijing Normal University, said that legally stipulating that vocational education and general education are equally important is conducive to shaping social consensus and promoting the high-quality development of vocational education.
The new Vocational Education Law has perfected the connotation of vocational education: vocational education refers to education implemented to cultivate high-quality technical and technical talents, so that the educated can have the comprehensive professional qualities and action abilities such as professional ethics, scientific culture, professional knowledge and technical skills required for engaging in a certain profession or realizing professional development, including vocational school education and vocational training.
"The most important orientation of vocational education is to provide competent and high-quality technical and technical talents for industrial development." Li Jun, an associate professor at Tongji University's Vocational and Technical Education College, believes that improving the connotation of vocational education, clarifying the types and attributes of vocational education, and paying attention to cultivating professional practice ability and professional quality in education and teaching are conducive to promoting the high-quality development of vocational education.
Second, focus on improving the recognition of vocational education.
"Vocational education is inferior to others", "Vocational school is not a good school" and "the job that vocational school students are looking for is not decent" ... In the social cognition about vocational education, prejudice and noise sometimes appear.
According to Ceng Tianshan, deputy director and researcher of the Vocational Education Development Center of the Ministry of Education, due to the influence of China traditional culture, such as "being an excellent scholar is an official", and the rise of vocational education is relatively late compared with general education, the public needs to update their concepts and get rid of stereotypes.
In this regard, the newly revised Vocational Education Law stipulates many "practical measures" to enhance the recognition of vocational education.
For example, it is clearly stipulated that the state should take measures to improve the social status and treatment of technical and skilled personnel, promote glorious labor, valuable skills and create a great fashion of the times; It is proposed that the state should provide a platform for technical talents to show their skills and learn from each other by holding vocational skills competitions and other activities, and constantly cultivate more high-quality technical talents and skilled craftsmen in big countries; It is pointed out that students in vocational schools enjoy equal opportunities with students in ordinary schools at the same level in terms of further studies, employment and career development.
"The technology, skills and talents needed by all walks of life are irreplaceable. The promotion of the social status of vocational education still requires the joint efforts and initiatives of all sectors of society. " He Zhen believes that the social concept should shift from attaching importance to academic qualifications to attaching importance to contribution and ability; An equal professional qualification framework system should be established for all walks of life, so that everyone can reach a corresponding high level on their own career track.
202 1 10, Handan Lingchuang Secondary Vocational School won the first prize of Hebei Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition.
Third, deepen the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation.
"Vocational schools and vocational training institutions should pay attention to the integration of production and education and implement school-enterprise cooperation." Among them, the word "integration of production and education" replaced the "combination of production and education" in the current law. The change of this word is particularly meaningful.
"In the past, the combination of production and education was lagging behind. New technologies, new processes and new norms of enterprises are often not reflected in schools in time. The relationship between enterprises and schools is similar to' friends help' and is very unstable. " Ceng Tianshan said that "integration" means becoming an organic whole. Enterprises and schools should jointly invest, jointly formulate talent plans, and jointly cultivate talents to achieve a win-win situation.
In order to deepen enterprises' participation in vocational education and give full play to its role in school-enterprise cooperation, the newly revised Vocational Education Law further clarifies many measures: giving full play to the important role of the state in running schools, promoting enterprises' deep participation in vocational education and encouraging enterprises to hold high-quality vocational education; Enterprises can set up full-time or part-time positions to implement vocational education; Enterprises carrying out vocational education should be included in corporate social responsibility reports; The state encourages trade organizations and enterprises to participate in the development of vocational education textbooks.
In addition, the new vocational education law also includes incentives such as incentives and tax incentives for enterprises deeply involved in the integration of production and education and school-enterprise cooperation.
202 1 Li ruyuan, professor of Handan college and principal of Handan lingchuang secondary technical school, walked into the live broadcast room of CCTV's China quality and talked with the host about vocational education.
Fourth, improve the vocational education security system and measures.
According to the statistics of UNESCO, the running cost of vocational education is about three times that of general education.
In practice, because more venues, equipment and consumables are needed, holding vocational education itself is a high-input undertaking.
At the end of 20021,Lin Yu, deputy director of the Department of Vocational and Adult Education of the Ministry of Education, revealed a set of data: at present, the enrollment of higher vocational colleges accounts for more than 55% of higher education, while the direct financial input of higher vocational colleges only accounts for about 20% of the whole higher education.
In view of this situation, the newly revised Vocational Education Law adds the following provisions: according to the needs of industrial layout and industry development, the state takes measures to vigorously develop emerging majors needed by advanced manufacturing industries and support the construction of high-level vocational schools and majors; The state optimizes the expenditure structure of education funds, makes the investment of vocational education funds meet the needs of the development of vocational education, and encourages raising funds for the development of vocational education through multiple channels according to law.
"At present, the development level of vocational education in various places is basically positively correlated with the local economic development level." Ceng Tianshan believes that the development of vocational education cannot rely entirely on government input. It is necessary to find a combination mechanism between the public welfare logic of schools and the market logic of enterprises, and increase investment in vocational education through multiple channels.
He Zhen said that the state should give priority to training technical and skilled personnel in manufacturing, strategic emerging industries and major national economy and people's livelihood industries. For other new occupations and new formats, we can rely more on market mechanisms for adjustment. "The more developed and civilized the society, the more prominent the value of vocational education. The development of vocational education is ultimately to meet people's diverse learning and progress needs. "