200 1- 1-2 1 Wang Jinxiang
Font size: small, medium and large
In recent years, people have been paying attention to the education reform in China, and they all think that the current education system can no longer meet the needs of the new situation of reform and opening up, and it is time to change it. However, people have different opinions on how to reform the education system. Most people think that we should increase investment in education, create a good school environment, transform school buildings and improve teachers' social status. We believe that measures should be taken to grasp both hands and be hard with both hands. The above problems are all hardware problems and must be hard. In addition, we must reform the software, that is, education, which should be hard. In the educational reform, the hardware problem is the secondary aspect of contradiction and the external cause; Software problem is the main aspect of contradiction and also the internal cause. On the premise of solving foreign countries, we should grasp the main aspect of the contradiction, which is the key to the problem. Only in this way can the educational reform proceed smoothly.
Where are the main aspects of the current educational contradiction? As far as primary and secondary schools are concerned, the reform of the education system mainly lies in the interior of education, that is, the personnel system, distribution system, management mechanism, educational thought and way of thinking within education must be thoroughly reformed. No matter how good other hardware reforms are, a large number of qualified talents cannot be cultivated, let alone top-notch talents across the century. First of all, educators need to re-understand education, re-recognize themselves, and re-recognize what kind of people education should cultivate.
The reform of the education system is first of all the reform within education, the reform of the stereotype existing in education itself, the reform of the traditional unscientific way of thinking and management mode, and at the same time, we should re-recognize the concept of time. Here, I would like to talk about some problems that need to be solved urgently in the current educational reform and their countermeasures.
First, reform the internal personnel system of education.
At present, teachers in most schools, especially in rural middle schools, mostly belong to unit ownership and regional ownership of talents. In the long run, teachers are ignorant, knowledge is aging, and ideas are outdated.
Imagine how such a frog in a well can cultivate high-level students. It is not easy to make students feel better about you than blue.
At present, this rigid personnel system is far from being able to adapt to the social trend of large socialization, high informationization and decisive rhythm. It is time for the personnel system within the education system to be reformed. We suggest that the education authorities should allow and encourage teachers, especially those with rich teaching experience, to leave schools and attend classes in several schools, and loosen the internal mobility of teachers so that teachers can often optimize their combination naturally or in a planned way. It should be said that every teacher has his own strengths and weaknesses. Through regular flow and optimized combination, knowledge will become richer and richer, and experience will become richer and richer. They can learn new things through continuous combination. On the other hand, students can learn more under the guidance of teachers of various styles. School leaders must also break the rigid situation of inbreeding and regional breeding. It is necessary to change the situation that a leader has worked in the same unit for more than ten years or even decades. Even the newly promoted leaders should not stay in the same place for too long, but should communicate in different places. As the ancients said, running water does not rot, and every household hub flies. Only when there is mobility can there be vitality, vitality, comparison and differentiation, and innovation.
In order to institutionalize the effective flow of leaders and teachers, the appointment system must also be implemented. Otherwise, the flow is likely to be blind and disorderly. For the appointment system, the policy of combining vertical appointment with horizontal appointment must be implemented.
The so-called vertical appointment means that in the same unit, under the auspices of the competent department, the teacher selects the leader first, and the leader announces to the teacher what standards the unit will meet during its term of office and what punishment will be imposed if it fails to meet them. The term of office of middle school leaders shall not exceed 4 years. When the school principal's term of office is over half, the majority of the teaching staff should make a preliminary evaluation. If the initial evaluation result is poor (more than 50% employees are not satisfied with their work performance), the superior administrative department will dismiss them or give them a serious warning. At the same time, if a major accident occurs during his tenure, the workers' congress shall recommend the superior administrative department to dismiss him. If the initial evaluation results are very good (more than 60% of the staff are satisfied with their performance), they should be allowed to stay until the expiration. After the term of office of the principal expires, all the staff will not make a final evaluation of him. Whether or not to stay depends on the evaluation results.
The faculty and staff are appointed by the principal for a term of 2-4 years. Can be employed according to the specific circumstances, teachers can also apply for or refuse employment according to the specific circumstances. If you are hired, you should write a target responsibility letter. If a major accident happens to the teaching staff during their term of office, the principal shall dismiss them through the teaching staff congress. After the expiration of the term, teachers can continue to apply in our school or apply in other schools.
The so-called horizontal appointment system refers to the appointment across schools, towns and cities on a large scale. Leaders or teachers in place A can apply for jobs in place B, and schools in place B can also go to place A to recruit principals or teachers. Through this three-dimensional, supporting and voluntary personnel system reform, we can break the rigid situation of sameness and lifelessness and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of leaders and teachers. Leaders can focus on teaching management and leadership organization within the school. Teachers can also devote all their energy to teaching and educating people and teaching reform, and to learning business.
At the same time, in order to ensure the effectiveness and transparency of the reform of education and personnel system, we must establish and improve various organizations within the school, such as trade union committees, workers' congresses, women's committees, student unions, league branches and other organizations. The establishment of the above-mentioned organizations also has several advantages, that is, some important issues of the school can be widely consulted through the above-mentioned organizations, brainstorming, and efforts can be made to reduce mistakes, so that some major decisions are representative and have a strong mass base, which fully conforms to our party's mass line of coming from the masses to the masses, and at the same time, it can avoid making some decisions represent only a few people because of the interference of human feelings and the Internet.
Second, educational management should renew ideas and make bold reforms.
Over the years, we have become accustomed to the traditional management mode and unscientific and unreasonable practices, which is not conducive to producing more talents and outstanding talents. Conservative, closed and exclusive thinking mode and management mode can't work miracles. We must abandon the traditional unreasonable and unscientific rules and regulations, and create a set of scientific and effective management mode in line with the national conditions.
The current management mode is: the education department pays attention to the school principal, the school family pays attention to the middle-level leaders, and the middle-level leaders pay attention to the faculty and manage the students. This management mode seriously violates the laws of education and teaching. Now is the information age, knowledge is changing with each passing day, and it is not easy to really master a subject. If we still use the old methods of the 1990s to manage multi-disciplinary and multi-category new schools, it can only be the fault of the country and the people. Therefore, in the face of the changes of the times and the strong impact of the reform wave, we must break the traditional model. Schools should rely on academic leaders and backbone teachers of various disciplines, let them take the lead in leading and guiding the business of their disciplines, give them the necessary rights, and seriously listen to and adopt their suggestions on school management and teaching reform. It is necessary to break the pattern of compartmentalization. Senior high school, junior high school and primary school students should learn from each other regularly. The staff of the student affairs office inside and outside the school should exchange experiences regularly and observe and study. Related disciplines should communicate with each other and learn from each other's strengths, such as Chinese and foreign languages, mathematics and physics, history, geography and politics, biochemistry, etc. Form an all-round and three-dimensional system for finding big disciplines. The Political and Ideological Affairs Office mainly focuses on students' political and ideological management and closely cooperates with teachers to carry out students' ideological and political work. The Academic Affairs Office pays attention to the scientific arrangement of courses, organizes various examinations and competitions, coordinates the relationship between disciplines, strengthens the management of student status, and is responsible for foreign business contact and reception. In addition to implementing the party's principles and policies, principals should also focus on academic leaders and organize academic leaders to carry out teaching reform, inspection and evaluation.
School leaders should also encourage teachers to do creative work, so that teachers can devote their main energy and time to creative work, study teaching methods, and learn more about some new schools and trends of related disciplines and pedagogy at home and abroad. Leaders should advocate and support teachers to discuss teachers' teaching methods and students' learning methods collectively, so as to get twice the result with half the effort and improve students' comprehensive quality, instead of mechanically dogmatically emphasizing quantity rather than quality.
Third, we should change the anti-fatigue way of thinking.
For a long time, there is a view that time is infinite. As long as our students sit in the classroom, they will be able to produce talents, more talents and better talents. Therefore, students are not allowed to rest on holidays, and self-study is arranged in the morning, evening and afternoon, so that students are in a state of high fatigue all day, regardless of the effect. This practice of forcing students to study, study and study again regardless of their actual situation, wishes and objective laws seems to be that students have to sit in the classroom under the pressure of schools and parents, but in fact they have to be there passively because they have seriously violated their own will and educational laws. "At this rate, what can students know besides textbook knowledge?
Therefore, we must respect the objective laws and students' personalities, make great efforts to cultivate their extensive interest in learning, let them study and study actively, actively and without fear of difficulties, and let them have time, energy and initiative to explore unknown fields. They can no longer study hard behind closed doors. In the past, China students were many times ahead of American students in international Olympic competitions for middle school students, but their practical ability was far behind others. Such students with high scores and low abilities can't meet the challenge of 2 1 century.
Of course, this does not mean that we can let students go with the flow and ignore them, but requires us to challenge the rigid way of thinking. This requires us to try our best to guide students to make full use of their spare time and participate in various beneficial activities. We should break the class boundaries and set up various study groups according to students' different interests to contact, consult and discuss with each other. Let them actively explore unknown knowledge fields through their own hands, words and brains. We can open libraries, reading rooms and laboratories to students, so that they can broaden their horizons and realize that the unknown world is inexhaustible. I want them to change from asking me to learning.
We can also organize students to go to social practice and nature to observe things and phenomena that we usually take for granted but don't know why. Through the above colorful second class activities, students' interest in learning will be more extensive, and their initiative and consciousness in learning will be higher.
Fourth, change continuing education into quality education.
At present, a considerable number of teachers are aging and know little or nothing about the trend of educational reform at home and abroad. Over the years, there has been no innovation and leap in teaching methods. Therefore, teachers must learn more, get in touch with some new methods, trends and schools in current disciplines or related disciplines, and boldly apply, innovate and summarize them in combination with the actual situation, so as to make them an effective teaching method.
In addition, at present, the education purpose of most schools is to improve the enrollment rate, and all of them focus on the enrollment rate, ignoring quality education and ignoring the education of students' ideology, morality, physical education, behavior norms and manners. This is not conducive to training qualified cross-century pillars for the country. For example, many schools only pay attention to the main subjects such as Chinese and mathematics, while ignoring the auxiliary subjects such as music, art and knowledge of nature. Because schools or a wider range of unified assessment only test Chinese and mathematics, and the evaluation of a teacher mainly depends on the teaching results of these two courses, so that the hours of other disciplines are squeezed out, and other teachers naturally do not pay attention to the minor courses they teach.
It can be seen that students' narrow knowledge and poor practical ability are all related to the above guiding ideology. We must get rid of the abnormal situation of teaching and learning between teachers and students and concentrate on strengthening students' quality education. In the face of such fierce competition in the world, we must constantly raise our awareness, take practical measures, boldly carry out reforms, and make contributions to revitalizing education.