great void

I have been engaged in Buddhism for more than twenty years. After more than 20 years' study and experience, the wonderful state of mind of the Buddha has been revealed, and various schools of Buddhism, large and small, as well as all religions, philosophies and scientific theories have been thoroughly illuminated. From the ideological circle of human beings, we have realized the great use of Buddhism from the universal and far-reaching observation. It has been hidden in the prejudices and bad habits of all ethnic groups and has not been realized as a universal culture of human beings. However, in today's world cultural traffic trend, this kind of Buddhism, which transcends the constraints of all ethnic groups in the local soil era and can integrate the cultures of all ethnic groups in the East and the West, should be clearly publicized and popularized as a guide for human thought and behavior. I tried it in China for ten years, and it worked. What has always been mistaken for polytheism superstition by the general public has now shaken and collapsed; The classics, which have been talked about by only a few hermits and monks in the mountains, have now become the joint research of educators above middle school. Monastery has always been the only organ of Buddhism, and now it has formed a group to promote teaching and self-cultivation and cooperate with all provinces in the country; Buddhism, which has always had nothing to do with social customs, has become the code of conduct for those who study Buddhism. Those who have been living a quiet and leisurely life in loneliness have now gone to the broad masses of the people and are engaged in various services to life. It is clear to observe the social situation in China today. Moreover, we believe that people all over the world have reached the age of sharing the same fate, and compatriots all over the world are integrated in life. This is almost universally known: "Altruism makes both benefits; If you harm him, it is the lesser of the two evils! " Adhering to its international peace and fighting for its selfish victory is not only heartless, but also unwise. Because I vowed to explain the Buddhist truth of "mutual self-absence", I realized human beings all over the world, changed the concept of human competition and survival, and helped life coexist peacefully and prosper, so I launched a new Buddhist movement to the whole world. The essence of Buddhism in life is as follows: 1 Buddhism in life is based on the coexistence and common prosperity of human beings in modern means of transportation, on the philosophy of life of all ethnic groups in the East and West, and on the first ten good deeds of Mahayana to practice Buddhism, so as to complete the good deeds in life first and develop an organized and disciplined Mahayana social life. Then gradually from Buddhism in ten places, ten lines, ten directions and ten places, the potential virtues in human nature are developed. The supreme enlightenment (3) has evolved so much that it is complete and blessed. Second, scientific Buddhism explores the truth of all aspects of the universe with a fair and objective attitude by summing up experience and deducing theories; In order to get rid of all superstitious fallacies in traditional prejudice, it is established as a universal law theorem to explain the relationship between all things. Poverty is conducive to personnel progress, which is the achievement of modern science; However, there is still no hope to fully understand the truth of life in the universe, so we are finally in doubt and we cannot establish a completely solved truth. Looking at all ancient philosophies and religions, Buddhism has not been destroyed by science, but has obtained evidence and explanations from science, which is conducive to seeing the truth and seeing the essence. Its cosmic life truth, fully understood by supreme revelation, is enough to make scientific inventions and establish reasonable positive solutions and true beliefs, so as to make up for the defects of science and promote the progress of science. Therefore, it is necessary to establish Buddhism on the basis of science and establish the highest belief in science. Third, empirical Buddhism Buddhism explains that it is the truth of all things in the universe. Scientifically or philosophically, it is exactly the same if it can be partially or on the one hand, and if it can be properly explained without being mixed with sentimental myths; But with the knowledge of science or philosophy, we can build development gains from the experience of human students' five senses and the discussion theory handed down by everyone. Buddhism, on the other hand, is formed by accumulating practical ignorance and proving the truth of everything. In order to enlighten everyone and adapt to everyone's psychological level, it is established by giving various explanations. Therefore, in the theory of perfection, in the record of written language, it is still not enough to understand all the truths proved by the Buddha. If we also develop our own consciousness of being equal to the Buddha, we can demonstrate the truth of everything the Buddha knows. However, according to the experience of Zen Buddhism in China, we are all ready-made, each with a sense of Buddha, which is lively and popular for a while. As long as we open the cage of empiricism for a moment, we can emerge a moment equivalent to the Buddha's consciousness and prove all the truths proved by the Buddha. Although it can't be proved that they will never fall back into the cage of ignorance, with this pro-Confucianism experiment, they can establish a firm and true belief in the truth of all things with a completely clear Buddha's heart. Therefore, it attaches great importance to experiential Buddhism. D. Human Buddhism stresses culture: the culture owned by the eastern nations is generally a culture that regulates feelings, while that owned by the western nations is a culture that expands the senses. Although they have been handing over and carrying each other recently, the appearance is still inevitably close. As far as philosophy is concerned, one school emphasizes experience and the other theory. Although experience is real and not frequent, it must be supplemented by theory; Although the theory is inaccurate, it must be supplemented by experience. However, experience and theory cannot always be exactly the same, so it is an unsolved problem in the end. If the gap between two cultures and two philosophical schools cannot be effectively eliminated, there is no way to adapt to the needs of all mankind in the future by integrating all cultures and philosophies of all mankind and become a world culture and philosophy with one heart and one mind and one goal. However, if we look at Buddhism deeply, we will regard the adjustment of kindness and affection as the winning edge of rational development, especially the rationality of development as the main reason for the adjustment of kindness and affection; Correspond to each other and reach the end. Repeatedly, through surpassing all real wisdom and experience, to the absolute universality of theory, and to the coincidence of experience with quantitative wisdom, theory and relative certainty, the "normalization of experience" and "correctness of theory" have been completed, and various philosophical problems have been solved. Therefore, Buddhism is the melting pot of two cultures and two philosophical schools in Tao Zhu. Create a great harmony culture and philosophy that all mankind in the future will need. Therefore, we have naked lifted all the restrictions handed down from race, nationality, local culture and times, and directly demonstrated Buddhism in the world. Our new Buddhist movement has simply stated that in order to accelerate the realization of this ideal, we have drawn up a plan for a world Buddhist college, which has been printed and distributed to you. If you can make a sympathetic voice from your own consciousness, please stand up and do it together.

Original load 1930 65438+ 10 The Voice of the Tide 10.

[Note] ① Mahayana Ten Virtues: Mahayana is one of the basic schools of Buddhism, aiming at saving the world and benefiting others, which is different from Mahayana for self-improvement and liberation. According to the MahayanaNo. 1095 and the Buddhist Ten Virtues Law, this ten virtues law mainly refers to "truly kind, happy, truly kind and so on." Second, I firmly believe that cause and effect would rather die than do evil. Three turn to Buddha, and so on. Four straight hearts, always away from all doubts about good and evil. It would be even worse if the five permanent members were born in the sky. Six boundless blessings turn around and win. Seven, always leave the evil way and walk on the holy road. Eight don't get up and see bad karma. If you live nine times, there will be no obstacles. Ten is not difficult. "This is the road to becoming a Buddha. ② Ten residences, ten rows, ten directions and ten places: all are Mahayana Buddhist terms. Shiju refers to the practice level of Mahayana Bodhisattva, which is 1 1 to 20 out of 52 levels. Ten lines refer to the ten kinds of lines performed by the Bodhisattva in front of the earth, ranking 21st to 30th among the fifty-two spiritual ranks of the Bodhisattva. The ten directions refer to the 31 ST to 40 th places in the Bodhisattva's practice level. Ten places are the forty-first to fiftieth places in the fifty-two teachings of Bodhisattva. ③ Supreme Righteousness: Buddhist practice emphasizes three stages: Righteousness, Equal Righteousness and Supreme Righteousness. Among them, "mindfulness" refers to the absolutely correct view of life, thoughts, opinions and behaviors in the universe, and is honored as arhat. To upgrade to a higher level is to "just wait for enlightenment". After getting the highest and perfect wisdom, there are no defects at all. " "Supreme Truth" refers to the understanding of the reality of cosmic life, the thorough understanding and comprehension of the truth of cosmic life, and the realm of perfect wisdom. (4) All the truths proved by Buddha: Buddha, referred to as Buddha for short, means "Awakened". The Buddha proves that everything is true, which means that everything is empty. ⑤ Zen: one of the Buddhist sects in China. Advocating meditation, hence the name Zen. Its core idea is "don't set up words, don't teach others;" "Point directly at people's hearts and regard nature as Buddha." [Appreciation] The author of this article is Taixu (1889— 1947), a famous monk in modern times. Too empty to be idealistic, the common name is Lu, the name is Gansen, and the scientific name is Gansen. My ancestral home is Chongde, Zhejiang (now Tongxiang), and my ancestral home is Haining, Zhejiang. /kloc-became a monk at the age of 0/6, and studied under Tiantong Temple in Ningbo and Yang Xuefo in Nanjing. The Chinese Buddhist Association was established in Nanjing on 19 12. Later, he studied in Putuo Mountain behind closed doors and advocated reforming the Buddhist system. He is regarded as the representative of new Buddhism. "The Origin of Buddhism and Its New Movement" was a speech by Master Taixu at the Oriental Museum in Paris, France on June 4th, 2008. This trip to Paris is one of the stops in his trip to Europe and America, which started in August 1 1. This speech was translated by Mr. Forrest Gump, director of the Oriental Museum in Paris. In this speech, Taixu talked about five issues: the origin of Buddhism, the popularity of Buddhism in India, the popularity of Buddhism in China, the three centers of Buddhism in the world today, and the new movement of Buddhism. Later, this speech was published in the magazine Tide, which he presided over. Due to the limitation of space, this paper only extracts the last chapter. Modern China is an era in which traditional culture has been severely impacted. With the collapse of Confucian tradition, various thoughts in society surged. Besides western learning, Buddhism and Taoism are also concerned by China people. The revival of Buddhism in the early 20th century also came into being under this background. At that time, it was the layman who first advocated Yang. He set up Jinling Scripture Engraving Office, founded Buddhist education, and paid attention to learning the successful experience of western religions. Taixu, as a later scholar, is the successor of his Buddhist reform proposition. Just as Yang paid attention to the purpose of thinking about Buddhism in the context of world culture, Taixu also demanded that China's Buddhism should be combined with world culture. Therefore, in this speech, it is proposed that "in the current trend of world cultural traffic", Buddhism, which transcends all times, races and ethnic barriers, should be clearly publicized and popularized to become a guide for human thought and behavior. This has also become the pursuit goal of his Buddhist innovation movement. He introduced five major changes in the Buddhist reform movement in China to French friends: 1. For the general public, what has always been mistaken for polytheism has now become shaken and collapsed; 2. Classics that have been talked about by only a few hermits and monks in the mountains have now become the joint research of educators above middle school; 3. Temples have always been the only Buddhist organs, but now they have formed groups with the purpose of preaching, self-cultivation and propaganda, which are spread all over provinces and cities and even the whole country; 4. Buddhism, which has nothing to do with social customs and habits, has become the code of conduct for those who study Buddhism; People who have been living a lonely, leisurely and leisurely life have now gone to the broad masses of the people to do various services for their lives. The purpose of his Buddhist reform is well expressed here, which is why he said that he can become a world Buddhism. As a practice of carrying out his thoughts, Taixu held the World Buddhist Federation in Lushan Mountain in 1924, and set up a China Buddhist delegation in 1925 to attend the East Asian Buddhist Congress, which made extensive contacts with Japanese Buddhist circles. He also initiated the establishment of the "World Buddhist Academy" in France. The trip to France, Britain, Belgium, Germany and the United States, which lasted for more than seven months, had a great influence on the spread of Buddhism to the west and the cultural exchanges between the East and the West. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Taixu also accepted the invitation of the government and organized a Buddhist delegation to visit Myanmar, India and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1939, which opened up a special way for Buddhism to serve the reality. Taixu was active in thought and wrote a lot, leaving about 7 million words of Buddhist writings. His central idea is to advocate "lifelong Buddhism", which also became the characteristic of the new Buddhist movement he advocated at that time. Therefore, the first concept of the New Buddhist Movement in China mentioned in this paper is "Living Buddhism". The dharma of life is to do the dharma with the initial ten good deeds of Mahayana, and first complete the good deeds that life should have; Gradually develop the potential virtues in human nature from Buddhism in ten places, ten lines, ten directions and ten places. The ten virtues, ten lives and ten directions mentioned here all refer to the spiritual level of Mahayana Bodhisattva. What he means here is to make people realize that "life" is not illusory and meaningless, but to cultivate the character of "benevolence" and "forbearance" in this world, so that the potential virtues in human nature can be carried forward. For this reason, he wrote articles such as Life, Life Problems and the Purpose of Life Buddhism to explain this point of view, denying the traditional Buddhist concept of emphasizing death and not being born, and requiring us to proceed from secular laws and take realistic people as the basic starting point of cultivation. He put forward four purposes of life Buddhism: 1. The progress of mankind. Although this aspect can also be carried out by advocating science, philosophy and Confucianism, as a Buddhist doctrine, it has its own room to play its role. 2. Future generations will win. We can place our hopes on the long river of life, that is, the eternal cycle of mankind. 3. Life and death. 4. The legal world is round and clear. He believes that these four purposes are more profound than one, and the former is based on the latter. We can start from the aspects of human nature, ethics, being a man, etc., so that Buddhist thought can be organically combined with China's traditional ethics. On this basis, Taixu put forward his concept of religious elements, which should include at least four contents: 1. "There must be experience beyond common sense in your mind", that is, "extraordinary experience" relying on "special cultivation kung fu". Such as that connotation of various religious doctrine, Confucius and Mencius' thought of "obeying heaven" and "cultivate one's morality". 2. "Great compassion and great wish", that is, "what most people call benevolence, courage or fraternity". 3. "Knowledge of understanding things" refers to the knowledge, skills, convenience and originality to solve and deal with specific problems. 4. "Virtue suitable for the occasion" and "Moral behavior suitable for the needs of the times" ("Elements of Religious Components"). There are requirements for both religious moral attributes and empirical scientific knowledge and skills. This may be the reason for the "scientific Buddhism" and "experiential Buddhism" mentioned in the above speech. Master Taixu's "Living Buddhism" is recognized as an important representative of Buddhism in China in the 20th century.