Confucius was a great thinker and educator in ancient China. His "Ruling the Country with Rites" (I)

High-level language) and "Governing the Country by Virtue" (The Analects of Confucius, Governing the Country by Politics).

For many years, it has been praised by the world. And Confucius' achievements in education are more like one.

A bright pearl shines brilliantly in the history of education in China. The following author comes from

This paper discusses Confucius' contribution to education from two aspects: the establishment of private schools and teaching ideas. *

Initiate a private school to recruit disciples.

Confucius spent most of his life in educational activities. He is the first person in the history of our country.

An educator who has devoted his life to education. Confucius originally wanted to go into politics, but he

Very politically frustrated. He tried many times to be an official, but was rejected by powerful people.

So it was not reused in the end, and even had to go abroad. Although the ruler of Lu also

I tried to win him over, but he didn't think they would take the right path and cooperate, so he quit.

Teaching at home. He was the first person to open a private school and hold a private lecture. Confucius runs a school, the Lord

There must be three periods. The first period is about 30-35 years old, and the second period

Between the ages of 37 and 50, the third period is his old age, that is, 68 to 73 years old.

His private lecture was a great success. According to legend, Confucius had 3000 disciples and 72 saints.

Many of these disciples came from far away. Seventy-two sages, some learn.

Ask the name, and some became ministers of the vassal States at that time. This was very remarkable at that time.

Achievement. Because in the era of Confucius, the school was designed for the slave owners and nobles, the so-called

"Learning in the government" means that not only slaves and civilians have no opportunities for education, but also slave owners.

This class also receives little education. Confucius ran a private school, recruited apprentices, and put forward that "there is no class in education."

Class "(The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong), that is, a person has the right to accept regardless of his origin.

Education. Confucius accepted disciples, and the tuition fee was very low, as long as he cultivated himself (The Analects of Confucius).

And "), accept as a disciple. "Shu Xiu" is ten pieces of dried meat. Relatively poor civilians, only

If you can afford more than ten pieces of dried meat as a teacher's gift, you can get an education. Ten strips of dried meat,

The average family can still afford it. This has broken through the restriction of "learning in the official".

Created a precedent for universal education. Because Confucius set up a private school to teach at different levels,

So that many ordinary people from humble origins can acquire the ability to participate in political activities through education,

In this way, you have a chance to become a saint. Because Confucius took the lead in running a private school, it was later private.

The atmosphere of people giving lectures is prevalent. "Chu Shi Debate" and "A Hundred Schools of Thought Contend" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

The emergence of the situation can be said to have a lot to do with Confucius' creation of private schools. Confucius started a private school,

"Education without class" is Confucius' outstanding contribution to education.

Second, the teaching concept is praised.

Teaching includes teaching and learning. In his life's teaching experience, Confucius always

I have gained a lot of meaningful experience, whether it is about "teaching" or "learning"

Yes, a set of self-contained teaching ideas has been formed. Although there are many teaching ideas,

After more than 2000 years, there are still lessons to be learned.

In terms of learning methods, Confucius advocated erudition, more practice and diligent review. The Analects of Confucius

The first sentence at the beginning is "keep pace with the times, don't you?" (Learning from the Analects of Confucius) Yes.

It is said that we should learn more knowledge and review more training, otherwise the knowledge we have learned will not be consolidated.

It is often said, "Reading a book a hundred times reveals its meaning". In fact, this also includes reviewing Gong.

The meaning of solid. Review what you have learned often, and then you can accumulate more old knowledge.

Produce new insights. Therefore, Confucius said, "review the past and learn new things, and you can be a teacher." ("open!

For a long time, people have used these words to encourage students to study hard.

Consolidate knowledge.

Confucius also believed that we should not only have knowledge and practice, but also keep thinking.

Combination of examination, study and thinking. He said: "It is useless to learn without thinking, and it is dangerous to think without learning."

Leisure "("The Analects of Confucius for politics "). On the one hand, he emphasized the importance of learning and once said, "I have tasted it. "

It's no use thinking all day. You might as well study. "(The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong) The hole is here.

Zi explained with his own personal experience that it is not good to dream for a long time, so it is better to study.

Some knowledge, and then think. On the other hand, Confucius also stressed the need to be diligent in thinking, and he was right.

Students who don't think seriously say there is no way. He said, "If you don't say so, you just do it."

I didn't do what I did. "("The Analects of Confucius Wei Linggong ") That is to say, learn to use.

Think about it and often ask "why". So, learn without thinking.

Well, you can't just want to learn. Only by combining learning with thinking,

You will learn something. Confucius' learning method of combining learning with thinking is still

It has a good guiding significance.

In terms of learning attitude, Confucius advocated that one should be honest and modest in dealing with learning.

Empty and eager to learn. He said: "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing." (The Analects of Confucius is

Politics) is learning knowledge. If you understand it, you will understand it. If you don't understand, you don't understand.

Never pretend to understand. In learning, we should be "sensitive and eager to learn, and not ashamed to ask questions" (on)

Language, Gong Yechang "). Because "three people, there must be my teacher" ("The Analects of Confucius"

And "), several people walk together, and one of them must be my teacher, for sure.

Ask for advice modestly. The most important thing is "not ashamed to ask questions" and "brave"

If you can ask, you can't ask. If you ask more, you can ask less. "(The Analects of Confucius Taber) Students don't know each other.

Some students can ask each other, and teachers can ask students, scholars and college students if they don't understand.

Experts can also ask ordinary people if they don't understand. Confucius himself is a model of modesty and eagerness to learn. Although he is knowledgeable, he also humbly asks questions he doesn't understand.

Ask for advice. "The Analects of Confucius" records, "When a son enters a big temple, he asks everything." ("The Analects of Confucius Eight Shu")

He once said, "am I wise?" Ignorance is also. I was asked by a husband and it was empty. " exist

Language Zi Han, a great educator like Confucius, still calls himself "ignorant".

"Empty", its modesty is self-evident. As we all know, Confucius is eager to learn. he

He once said: "I was not born to know it, so I am ancient and eager to ask for it." (The Analects of Confucius)

Here, Confucius explained that he was not born with knowledge, but learned it.

Yes "In a city of ten rooms, there must be people who are faithful as hills, and they are not as eager to learn as hills." (The Analects of Confucius)

This is Confucius' confession of his studious spirit. Confucius' words are true and modest.

The spirit of being open-minded and eager to learn is undoubtedly of positive significance to everyone.

In terms of teaching methods, Confucius advocated inspiring teaching and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Confucius inspired teaching

Learning can be said to be just right. His student Yan Yuan once said, "The master is obedient and charming.

Blog me with words and ask me with gifts. I can't stop. "The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han and Confucius inspired teaching.

The extent to which students can't stop learning shows how inspiring his teaching is.

It worked. Confucius thinks that teachers can't always instill it in students at once. The point is.

Inspire students to think and think. This enlightening teaching idea is still accepted by the society.

Advocate. Confucius said: "If you are not angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry, you will not be angry.

Fuya. "("The Analects of Confucius ")" Anger "refers to the fact that students can't get what they want, resulting in a desire.

Knowledge and desire; "Angry" means that students are in a paradox, although they know it but can't express it.

Generally speaking, it seems difficult to understand, and the state of being eager to understand. When students input "anger" and "frustration"

This situation is a good opportunity for teachers to inspire, induce and implement education. In teaching

In middle school, we should pay attention to arouse students' positive thinking and let them enter "anger" and "sadness"

Situation to inspire students. Through inspiration, cultivate students to "draw inferences from others"

Three "abilities". When you can't draw inferences, don't tell him the answer directly, but ask him.

He thinks independently and solves problems. Confucius often used "knock" in enlightenment teaching.

Two-headed "method. He once said, "A man asked me, but there was no one. I knocked at both ends. "

Exhausted. "The Analects of Confucius Zi Han" Confucius did not understand this problem, but through "knocking"

Both ends ",that is, ask questions from both sides, and finally talk about the problem thoroughly." Confucius

The teaching method of "knocking at both ends" is often used to help students acquire knowledge. Confucius realized that teaching

The significance of learning lies not in how much ready-made knowledge is instilled in students, but in teaching them.

Methods of acquiring knowledge. This heuristic teaching method is still widely used.

Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is another basic teaching method of Confucius. Confucius believed that students' personality

There are differences, and the learning level is high or low. Therefore, he advocated that under the unified training goal,

Pay attention to teaching students according to their aptitude. According to the difference of students' learning level, he said, "Higher than the average person,

You can be verbal, below average, but not verbal. "("The Analects of Confucius Yong Ye ") is

Because of the students' personality differences, Confucius educated the students with the right medicine. Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude.

There are countless examples of teaching. The most typical example is Confucius' "literary thinking" towards You Ran and Luz.

"The answer. According to the Analects of Confucius, and asked the same question: listen to the Tao.

Will it be implemented after management? Confucius replied to Luz, "If you have a father and a brother, why don't you do it?"

What? "Mean, there are father and brother alive, how can you get started? And answer

You Ran said, "smell it and do it", which means to do it when you hear it. Gong Xihua doesn't understand why,

Ask Confucius why this is. Confucius told him: "retreat after planning, so advance;" : You are human,

So I retired. "("The Analects of Confucius Advanced ") In this way, Confucius used

Different ways of education. Lutz can be said to be a typical example of Confucius teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. When Lutz did not enter the cave, his personality was extreme and reckless. Under the influence of Confucius education, it gradually became

As a "gentleman and Confucian". When fighting with people in civil strife, his hat tassel was broken and he was still studying.

I can't forget that "a gentleman never dies." Now it seems that Lutz's move seems a bit "pedantic".

But on the other hand, it also reflects the success of Confucius in teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. In order to teach students in accordance with their aptitude,

Confucius also practiced teaching different subjects. This is also the first precedent in the history of education. Confucius branch

Teaching has trained many top talents. The Analects of Confucius records "Virtue: Yan Yuan but Min Zi"

Money, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong; Word: slay me, Zigong; Politics: You Ran, Luz; writing

Research object: Freedom in Xia Zi. "(Advanced Analects of Confucius) Because Confucius insisted on teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, because

The students trained by Confucius have their own characteristics and strengths.

In terms of teacher norms, Confucius believes that teaching by example is more important than teaching by words. Therefore, teachers should take the lead.

Set an example for students. He thinks, "You can't be right, like a right person?" ("open!

If you misbehave, how can you correct the behavior of others? as long as

If you behave correctly, you are not afraid that others will not obey you. As the saying goes, "an upright man walks without orders;"

His body is not straight, although he disobeys. "(The Analects of Confucius Lutz) Therefore, teachers must do this.

People who can't control themselves are not fit to control others. The most important thing for teachers is to spare no effort to teach students.

In order to teach students well, teachers must constantly learn and enrich themselves. Confucius

I'm also practicing, "I forget to eat when I'm angry, and forget my worries when I'm happy" (The Analects of Confucius), really.

It is the "teaching by memorization, tireless and tireless" (The Analects of Confucius).

Confucius was like this, influencing students with his words and deeds, thus winning their respect.

Respect is also respected by future generations.

Confucius' teaching ideas are worth learning, and others, such as music, dedication and self-cultivation.

Self-respect, teaching and learning, etc. , are worthy of absorption and utilization. Confucius' teaching

During his career, he summed up so many effective teaching experiences, which he did for the Institute of Education.

Made an indelible contribution.

In a word, Confucius was an outstanding educator in ancient China, and later generations respected him.

The son is a "most holy teacher" and an "eternal teacher". He is not only an aristocrat in the educational history of China.

Status, he also has a certain position in the history of world education. Celebrities published in the United States

The yearbook handbook lists Confucius as one of the top ten thinkers in the world. Studying Confucius today

Educational achievements still have important practical significance.