Training goal is the general principle and direction of talent training, the premise and foundation of training activities, and the destination of all training activities. The goal of postgraduate training is to make graduate students meet the basic requirements and specifications through education. Specifically, it is to reach the standard of postgraduate level in terms of "moral structure", "knowledge structure" and "quality structure". The professional categories of academic degrees and professional degrees are different, and the training objectives of the two different degrees are also different.
Second, the difference between postgraduate education courses and professional degrees
Curriculum setting is the main link for graduate students to master a solid theoretical foundation and extensive professional knowledge and have the knowledge structure needed for scientific research and practical work. Curriculum embodies the connotation of knowledge structure, and the knowledge categories required by graduate students with academic degrees and professional degrees are different, and the curriculum also reflects the differences.
Third, the difference between degree and professional degree graduate education tutor guidance
Tutors play a key role in postgraduate training. The purpose of tutor guidance is to explore ideas, tap potential and stimulate graduate students' innovative consciousness. The differences between academic degrees and professional degrees in terms of students and training objectives stipulate the differences between the two types of education in the formation of tutor team and tutor guidance mode. Generally speaking, it forms the difference between the subject tutor group and the double tutor guidance inside and outside the school.
Besides the historical responsibility of transmitting profound knowledge, graduate students are mainly responsible for innovating knowledge and developing disciplines, which is the main task of graduate education, especially doctoral education. For example, graduate schools in the United States have a standard for people who get a doctorate in philosophy, that is, "the ability to make personal contributions to the development of this discipline"; Japan's "Graduate School Standards" clearly stipulates that those who have obtained academic doctoral degrees "add new insights to previous academic research results"; China's Academic Degrees Regulations also stipulate that a doctoral degree winner should "make creative achievements in science or specialized technology". With the gradual expansion of postgraduate education, the scope of scientific research is more and more in-depth, overlapping and marginalized, and it is more and more difficult to guide all kinds of postgraduate students by only one tutor. Moreover, today's science and technology is developing with the trend of continuous differentiation, integration and integration. "Innovation results often appear in the cross fields of multiple disciplines." In order to ensure the scientific research innovation of graduate students, it is necessary to establish a discipline tutor group composed of different disciplines. Through the best combination of tutor groups, brainstorming and resource sharing, graduate students can learn from others, broaden their horizons and promote knowledge innovation and discipline development.
Professional degree graduate students are mostly on-the-job graduate students, who "enter the school without leaving their posts" and study while working. In addition to attending classes at school, graduate students still need to spend most of their time in work practice. Training this kind of graduate students by dual tutors inside and outside the school is more conducive to the improvement of graduate students' practical ability and thesis quality. The so-called dual tutorial system inside and outside the school refers to the joint guidance and training of graduate students by school tutors with profound theoretical foundation and rich guidance experience and tutors from various vocational departments with rich practical experience, strong basic theory and certain guidance ability. School tutors generally have strong scientific research ability and many years of practical experience in guiding graduate students, but they are not very familiar with the specific practical problems and special backgrounds of various vocational departments, so they give priority to academic guidance; Tutors in various vocational departments have a clear understanding of the reality and development of their own units and the technical problems of their own departments, so they mainly guide practical work. Through the implementation of the dual tutorial system inside and outside the school, it is not only conducive to improving the theoretical level of professional degree graduates, but also greatly promotes the improvement of graduate professional skills.
Fourth, the difference between the evaluation criteria of degree and professional degree graduate dissertations.
Dissertation is an important achievement of graduate students' scientific research, and it is also one of the important bases to measure whether graduate students can get a degree. As mentioned above, the scientific research achievements of graduate students with academic degrees and professional degrees are different, which leads to differences in the evaluation criteria of dissertations between the two types of talents.