1. First of all, we should improve the quality of classical Chinese teachers. This problem is a very important key. It is debatable to let teachers who have no literacy in classical Chinese engage in classical Chinese teaching. Teachers in the Republic of China were almost all born in classical Chinese, so it was no problem to teach classical Chinese. However, most contemporary teachers are Chinese teachers who don't understand classical Chinese, which has caused problems such as formalization and examination-oriented teaching of classical Chinese. Especially the rural teachers who graduated from some normal colleges have no chance to understand the foundation and structure of classical Chinese, which is the biggest obstacle in teaching. It is meaningless to talk about classical Chinese teaching by bypassing this problem.
2. Secondly, we should choose simple classical Chinese to complex classical Chinese for teaching. The teaching of classical Chinese in ancient times was carried out through primary schools, universities, four books and five classics. Unlike the current textbooks, the difficulty of classical Chinese is confused. One is ancient classical Chinese, and the other is modern classical Chinese, which makes teaching and students unable to adapt. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify its age at the source. After all, there are differences between ancient classical Chinese and modern classical Chinese. For example, how many teachers really understand the semantics in The Analects? But it is a chaotic design to let students take this course in grade one.
3. Third, let the teacher have some classical Chinese reference books. The most ridiculous thing is that the teachers of classical Chinese teaching in some schools actually use Xinhua dictionary to understand the meaning of classical Chinese, which shows that these teaching methods are backward and unsuitable. This way must be changed. Teachers must get used to using classical Chinese dictionary tools.
4. Fourthly, according to the above analysis, the teaching strategies of classical Chinese reading should be: compiling a step-by-step syllabus, choosing article teaching according to different times, mastering basic content words and function words, paying attention to training and deepening the understanding of vocabulary in test sites, and strengthening students' mastery of broken sentences. Therefore, long-term persistence will certainly achieve good results.
2. Small topic research. We have explored a set of practical teaching methods that can stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese: 1. Learning methods to stimulate interest, 2. Trust stimulates interest, 3. Introduce and stimulate interest, 4. Writing on the blackboard stimulates interest. Scenery arouses interest. Aesthetic arouses interest, 7. Make the past serve the present to stimulate interest. Flexibility.
1. The main background of the study: With the innovation of social culture and the passage of time, there is a huge time-space distance between the corresponding cultural background, historical conditions and social forms in classical Chinese and the living environment of students, and there is also a gap between the expression form, expression mode, vocabulary grammar and other aspects of classical Chinese and students' real language communication. In addition, the subtle meanings hidden in ancient poems increase the difficulty of students' cognitive understanding, so students have certain rejection, alienation and exclusion psychology when learning classical Chinese.
Secondly, there are two misunderstandings in classical Chinese teaching. One is word-for-word decomposition, which teaches classical Chinese as a foreign language, just like learning ancient Chinese anthology.
Another is to take an article and start to sum up ideas and analyze the image before you understand it. Classical Chinese reading should be able to read something smoothly and let students feel it themselves.
Whether reading classical Chinese or vernacular Chinese, when appreciating literary images, the reason is the same in terms of improving Chinese ability. You can't treat classical Chinese as a foreign language. Classical Chinese, after all, is Chinese in different times.
In addition, we can't read classical Chinese as vernacular Chinese, because it has language barriers after all. Therefore, in the teaching of classical Chinese, we should grasp something very related to the theme and use it to do some key anatomy.
Especially when reading poetry, we must express our image in language. Without the image from language, others can't catch it. Moreover, in junior high school, students are only exposed to dozens of classical Chinese texts in textbooks, and the content is relatively short and the learning requirements are relatively low. Most junior high school teachers neglected to summarize and sort out the phenomena and laws of ancient Chinese language.
This also leads to students' fear of classical Chinese, and the content and language form of classical Chinese are no longer as simple as junior high school. In view of this, how to stimulate students' interest in reading classical Chinese has become an urgent task in classical Chinese teaching.
Second, the subject content overview (1) Concept definition What is ancient Chinese? As the name implies, it is the language of ancient Han people. Ancient Chinese can be divided into spoken language and written language. What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period, which has been refined after many times, and the language that later writers imitate their works, such as a hundred schools of thought contend, historical records, eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, Tongcheng School and so on. , are examples of the practical use of ancient Chinese.
In short, classical Chinese is an article written in classical Chinese. Generally, the May 4th period is defined as the dividing line between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese.
What is interest? Interest is a special cognitive tendency to things. This is a psychological activity. When it develops into a hobby, it becomes a long-term and relatively stable behavior tendency, which affects people's ability. Interest and hobby are the source of enthusiasm, the need to know and explore something, and the driving force to promote people to know something and explore its development law.
It is the most active factor in people's study and work. With an interest in something, you can have great enthusiasm in your behavior.
Through the research of this topic, we will explore a new and effective teaching mode of classical Chinese, so that students can show strong interest and subjective tendency in the process of actively participating in the study of classical Chinese, and then promote the "recognition", "interpretation" and "analysis" of the language, so that students can truly understand the simple classical Chinese and understand its essence, which is beneficial to writing and life. (II) Theoretical basis 1. Psychology points out that interest is an important psychological factor to promote people's knowledge-seeking activities and learning, which can make people concentrate and actively engage in certain activities.
Any activity that suits one's interests is easy to improve one's enthusiasm. 2. Psychological research shows that in the process of language learning, when students focus on the language itself (knowledge and rules), the degree of anxiety is higher, while when they focus on the content expressed in the language, the degree of anxiety is obviously reduced and it is easier to learn.
3. Subjective education theory holds that students are not only the object of education, but also the subject of learning, understanding and development. The influence of education is everything in the external object, and only through students' subjective activities can it be internalized into the quality of the subject. The classroom teaching method that embodies students' subjectivity is a multilateral activity in which teachers and students participate and communicate with each other. Teachers are organizers of teaching activities, students are independent participants in self-development and active explorers and creators. The relationship between teachers and students is democratic, equal and cooperative.
This kind of teaching can make students gradually move from "others' learning" under the guidance of teachers to "autonomous learning" based on self-study, and finally achieve the goal of learning to learn and create. 4. Principle of cooperation: In research, it is necessary to change the phenomenon of mutual isolation among teachers, students, families and schools, and emphasize mutual cooperation and promotion.
5. The new curriculum standard points out: "The purpose of moderately strengthening the study of classical Chinese is to encourage students to deepen their understanding of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, enrich their cultural heritage and enhance their cultural taste." .
How to learn classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients, and it is no longer used in our real life. But it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, to really learn modern Chinese well, we must have a solid foundation in classical Chinese. The writers and scholars of the older generation, such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Qian Zhongshu and Liang Shiqiu, all have deep roots in ancient Chinese, and their works are full of rich classical flavor, with concise, accurate and elegant language. Mr. Lu Xun read and studied a large number of ancient novels since he was a child, which had a great influence on his later novel creation. Mao Dun's skill in reciting A Dream of Red Mansions has always been praised. Qian Zhongshu was first a generation of scholars, proficient in Chinese and Western studies, especially Chinese studies, and then a writer. The world only knows that there is a besieged city, but it doesn't know that there is a cone; Liang Shiqiu is proficient in classics and a subset of classics and history, which is reflected in his prose works. Not only is the language quaint and simple, but it is easy to put up, the usage of allusions is handy, and the music is wonderful. Liang's extensive reading and practical work are really amazing. So, how can we learn classical Chinese well in senior high school? Here are some learning methods: First, master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include content words and function words; Sentences can be divided into five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, ellipsis sentences and fixed sentences. It is the basis of learning classical Chinese to master the language structure of classical Chinese systematically and understand its differences and connections with modern Chinese. Second, correctly break sentences. There are no punctuation marks in ancient Chinese characters, so how to break sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. The following points should be paid attention to in correctly breaking sentences: understanding keywords and judging the relationship between words; Understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; Master the rules of dialogue, reporting and quotation in the text; According to the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence. Third, learn the correct translation methods. The principles of classical Chinese translation are: faithful to the original text, stereotyped words, literal translation as the mainstay, and free translation as the supplement. The following points should be paid attention to in translation: supplement the omitted parts; Adjust the word order; Increase or decrease appropriately. Fourth, repeat reading. As the saying goes, if you read a book a hundred times, its meaning will show itself. Reading more books can cultivate a sense of language and achieve the purpose of reading other ancient works skillfully. In addition, classical Chinese pays great attention to the inner rhythm and rhythm, and repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and improve the interest in learning.