First, understand the disadvantages of feudal education and imperial examination system, and learn Lu Xun's anti-feudal fighting spirit.

Second, know how to use the description of appearance, language and action to shape the characters; The role of the description of experience environment in depicting the theme of characters. Learn the simplicity and accuracy of the words and sentences in this article.

Teaching emphases and difficulties:

Focus: use the description of appearance, language and action to shape the characters.

Difficulties: Understanding of Kong Yiji's personality.

Teaching hours: three class hours.

First teaching time

First, stimulate interest and introduce the text.

This article was written in the winter of 19 18, published in New Youth in April of 19 19, and later included in the collection of short stories "Scream".

Almost all people who have read Lu Xun's novels don't know Kong Yiji. Anyone who has read "Kong Yiji" will always leave the image of Kong Yiji, a bad karma native suffering from social cool thin. Mr. Lu Xun himself said that among his short stories, Kong Yiji was his favorite. Why does he like Kong Yiji best? What kind of artistic image is Kong Yiji? How did Lu Xun carefully shape this image with an ingenious pen? You can get a definite answer after studying this article.

In the past, some people said that the tragedy of Sophocles in ancient Greece was a tragedy of fate, Shakespeare's tragedy was a tragedy of the protagonist's character, and Ibsen's tragedy was a tragedy of social problems. In a sense, it makes sense. So, what kind of tragedy is Kong Yiji? Tragedy often makes people cry. But after watching Kong Yiji's tragedy, tears often flow into my stomach, and my heart aches faintly. Why is this? We can study and get the answer.

This article is a world-famous work, with deep feelings, profound implications and profound implications. Be sure to read carefully, think positively and understand well.

Second, check the preview and point out the vivid pen.

Who can accurately answer: Who is the surname of the hero in the work? Which sentence in the article vividly and generally describes the special identity of the protagonist in the work? What kind of special identity is this?

After the students answer, they point out that "Kong Yiji" is posthumous title, not Kong or Yiji. Kong Yiji comes from the old little red book. Because of his surname Kong, others gave him a nickname from "Shang Da Ren Kong Yiji" on the red paper (meaning "Gu Da Ren Kong Gu"). In this half-understood word, his name is Kong Yiji. A person living in the world, even don't know his surname and name, change his name to "nickname", you can imagine how bad the fate of this character is, and he is a tragic figure.

This paper uses the phrase "Kong Yi is the only one standing drinking and wearing a gown" to describe the special identity of the hero in the works. "Standing and drinking" means that people are poor and financially strapped, and they are in the economic position at the bottom of society with the "short clothes gang"; "Wearing a gown" is to put on the shelf of a scholar, showing that it is more noble than the "short coat gang". In him, there is a very obvious characteristic different from ordinary people, which makes people look at and impress. The author used the method of "drawing eyes" to write the basic characteristics of the characters, and achieved the goal of "seeing the whole leopard with one eye vividly". This is the crowning touch of the whole article. As soon as this image appeared, it showed signs of tragedy.

Iii. Reading Analysis Part I (sections 1 to 3).

1. Read the name of the first part.

Question Thinking: What kind of environment has Kong Yi been active in?

The student replied that the activity environment was Xianheng Hotel in the late Qing Dynasty (as the novel pointed out)-this was many years ago ... "From 19 18 back more than 20 years, that is, the end of 19, that is, the end of the Qing Dynasty. The hotel has a special pattern and a variety of drinking methods.

This is the epitome of the late Qing society, with strict hierarchy and cold snobbery. (salty: the meaning of xián; Hengxing Road is unimpeded. Xian Heng: From Yi Kun, "The product is Xian Heng". In the old days, shopkeepers used such auspicious words as signs, which was a good sign of strong financial resources. Ask the students to find out the words that compare the class differences one by one, indicating that the class is strict.

A "sit" and a "stand"; An "inside" and an "outside"; A "long", a "short", a "meat" and a "vegetarian" clearly reveal the disparity between the rich and the poor and the world is cold.

2. What sentences show the snobbery and ruthlessness of this place?

After reading the relevant sentences in the article, I realized:

The shopkeeper's flattery to the customers in the gown, the fierce face of the waiter and the indifference of the short coat. The detail of "water shortage" deeply exposes the meanness, cold snobbery and mercenary nature of the boss's means of squeezing the poor. "monotonous", "boring" and "lively". The dead atmosphere reveals the cold relationship between people. Practice changing "lucky" words, such as "lucky" and "thank you". )

3. Why does the author use so much pen and ink to describe the environment? Why write the counter and drink warm wine?

The purpose of this writing is to reveal the social environment in which the protagonist lives, create an unequal and indifferent atmosphere, and foretell the inevitability of Kong Yiji's tragedy.

Writing about the counter and the people nearby paves the way for describing Kong Yiji, because we can see what kind of person Kong Yiji is from their eyes and words. Only by painting a specific environment and social background can the tragedy of this lower class be performed well.

In this cold, snobbish and hierarchical environment, a word "smile" leads to the appearance of the hero. Why can the little guy "laugh" unexpectedly? "Is it laughter? Is this a joke? Is it fun? Is it a sneer Or ridicule?

Just as the readers were puzzled, the author flashed the image of Kong Yiji in extremely frugal (sketching) language. Three additional words ("drinking standing up", "wearing a gown" and "unique") suddenly depict the ridiculous contradiction in this person. He is a unique joke in this environment, giving people a sense of cool thin.

Blackboard design:

Xianheng Hotel (miniature)? Kong Yiji bitter man

The hierarchy is strict, the barriers are clear, and the snobbery is cold.

Dragon, Lee, Sit and Meat stand and drink.

(Laughter) → Cool and thin

Short, outside, upright and plain wear long gowns.

This contradiction in Kong Yiji determines the content of his life; His words and deeds will inevitably make him a ridiculous person in the eyes of Luzhen people. Why does he wear a robe? Why can he only drink standing up? Then you should analyze it carefully.

Fourth, homework

1. Learn the first part.

2. According to Lu Xun's description in the first part, Kong Yiji painted with comic brushwork.

Second teaching time

First, read and analyze the second part (sections 4 to 9).

1. Exchange comic homework to deepen your impression of Kong Yiji.

2. Read sections 4 to 9 by name and think:

(1) Kong Yiji became the object of ridicule as soon as he appeared. Why did he become the object of ridicule? How did he answer correctly when others laughed at him? What kind of ideological character does he show?

The student replied, pointing out: from the appearance, he is poor and poor, and he wants to put on a scholar's shelf, showing that he is nobler than the "short coat gang" poisoned by feudal thought "everything is inferior, only reading is high", and I can't get rid of that shabby gown. Poor and lazy, dirty and torn clothes, that gown has not been mended or washed for more than ten years. When paying for drinks, you should "row". The word "pai" vividly describes his ostentation and extravagance. "A little scar" means something happened to him.

Judging from the characteristics of his language, it is full of "Zhi, Hu, Zhe and Ye", which is obscure and difficult to understand, showing his pedantry. When others exposed his "stealing" scar, his performance was "no answer" and helplessness; If others provoke again, he will "open his eyes" to argue; After others revealed the facts, he blushed with embarrassment ... and laughed at himself to protect his dignity. In this way, the characteristics are grasped and described, and the image of an insulted soul is vividly displayed on paper.

The characters are vividly portrayed. For example, when he is insulted, he still has to show superiority, understand books, be reasonable, and say "stealing books is not stealing …" to show his gentleness. Visible, pedantic ridiculous to what extent.

(2) Why does Kong Yiji have to talk to that boy? Talking to the children? What attitude does the child take towards him? What kind of ideological character does he reflect from teaching writing and eating fennel beans?

Kong Yiji felt lonely and had to talk to the children for comfort. His social status is low, and he is at the bottom of society like the working people, but because of pedantry and indiscretion, his social status is even lower, and even children look down on him. The word "Pei" profoundly reveals his very low social status.

Teaching writing and eating fennel beans not only embodies Kong Yiji's kindness, but also further depicts his insensitivity and pedantry. In fact, this method is rarely used in the four ways of writing "Hui", but Kong Yiji is an intellectual who was deceived and poisoned by the imperial examination system. He often regards some useless words as knowledge and skills, which shows the depth of its poison. Enthusiastic about fame and fortune, not only bragging to waiters, but also instilling the idea of being a shopkeeper to climb up ("how much?" The origin of "not too much": others say that Confucius is versatile, and Confucius says "not too much? Not much. " )

This part has three detailed features: ① standing and wearing; ② Row; ③ With regard to fennel beans, the basic characteristics of Kong Yiji's personality are vividly portrayed: kindness, meanness and pedantry, trying to climb up but not good at making a living, but lazy at doing it, especially looking down on manual labor. The author created a typical, vivid and vivid image of the lower intellectuals.

(3) What did the author insert into the laughing scene? What role does it play?

Insert Kong Yiji's life experience and conduct, and pay attention to his social status, economic situation and corroded ideological character (alcoholism and laziness; Stealing; No breach of contract, etc. ).

Interpolation saves pen and ink, explains what should be made clear with the least words, and accuses the imperial examination system of poisoning intellectuals.

(4) Read Section 9. From the sentence "But without him, others will live like this", I realize that Kong Yiji is an insignificant person and an unnecessary person. Although a word, it is infinitely bitter.

Second, the homework:

1. Exercise 4.

2. Read sections 4 to 9.

The third teaching time

The first and third part is reading analysis.

1. Inspiring thinking: What happened to Kong Yiji these days?

(1) Read section 10 by name. Pronunciation of words.

Discount service defense

The student replied that his leg was broken.

2. Thinking: What problems have this incident profoundly revealed? What descriptive skills does the author use to describe people?

Kong Yiji was not only insulted and hurt mentally, but also devastated physically.

This article exposes the disadvantages of the feudal imperial examination system. One is famous, climbs up, rides on the people's heads and oppresses them; One didn't go to school, fell down and felt uncomfortable. Ding has status, power, cruel nature and vicious means, and has set up a private court. Ignoring human life, first "return his innocence", then use punishment, and then slowly torture him. It is clearly cannibalism, but it does not bear the crime of cannibalism. He is cruel and tyrannical.

The author uses the method of profile description to describe people from the conversation between drinkers and shopkeepers.

What was Kong Yiji's last appearance like? Compared with the first appearance, what changes have been made in portrait, voice, expression and action?

(1) Read section 1 1 by name.

(2) Grasp the description of keywords.

(blackboard writing)

The ridicule, laughter and jokes of others remain the same, without any sympathy or pity, some are indifferent, some are heartless and some are snobbish.

4. The teacher pointed out: I have never owed money, never mentioned it, never seen it, and wrote the tragic ending of Kong Yiji; Through the speculation of "I", it is particularly bitter to write about the death of Kong Yiji unknown so. No one asked, and there was no definite news. "Probably" and "indeed" wrote the inevitability of its tragic ending. Kong Yiji walked onto the stage of life with ridicule, and left the stage of life with ridicule. Society is so cold and creepy.

Second, summarize.

1. Let the students summarize the characters and themes.

Kong Yiji was a poor victim of the imperial examination system in feudal society. Pedantic, lazy to drink, stealing, unconsciously poisoned by feudal ideas, has no social status, but can not get close to the "short-sleeved guest" mentally, can not get rid of that gown, and become redundant people and waste in Luzhen. This contradiction in him determines his unique language action and becomes a ridiculous person. He is a typical lower-class intellectual poisoned by feudal education and imperial examination system in the late Qing Dynasty.

Kong Yiji, an oppressed and injured person, was criticized by the author as pedantic and bad habit, affirmed his kindness, sympathized with his tragic experience and mourned his misfortune.

By describing the fate of Kong Yiji, the author accused the evils of feudal society, exposed the cannibalism of feudal ethics, and lashed Ding and other cruel tyrants. The author writes flatly and vividly. Writing the character tragedy of rural poor literati in social tragedy is plain and profound. The whole tragedy is carried out in people's laughter, which is not only a social tragedy, but also a tragedy of the protagonist's character. There is no overwhelming impact in the article, but it makes people feel faint pain after reading it. The author's brushwork has indeed received the effect of uncanny workmanship.

2. Experience the role of detail description. The detailed description in the article makes the characters stand out and vivid. The description of appearance, language and action should be personalized. Accurate words make characters appear on paper.

Third, homework

1. Look at the slides, tell stories, and pay attention to using vivid words when you tell them.

2. Grasp Kong Yiji's portrait features and language movements, and analyze his ideological character.

3. Talk about some thoughts after reading.

After teaching:

1. It is necessary to talk about the meaning of "Xianheng", which refers to the hotel owner's desire for prosperous business and strong financial resources, and can give students a sense of reality at that time.

2. Students read more carefully than in the past. No one mistook "Kong Yiji" for his real name, and soon realized that if a person lives in the world and his name is unknown to others, it will be miserable if he only uses a nickname instead. Some students contacted Ah Q in The True Story of Ah Q. ..

3. Some students suggested that "eyah ………" and "short coat gang" were not good. Guide them to read the text and find out the author's intention, not to write the short coat gang badly, but to expose the boss's greed and ruthlessness.

4. Let the students distinguish the meaning of "walking" and experience the carefree and complacent manner.

5. The word "Xing" has been changed, and students have changed "Xing", "Xing" and "Xing".

6. Some students said that Kong Yiji should be summarized by the word "poor", which is easier to understand.

7. Putting "disdaining to argue" and "rowing" together, every look and every movement vividly depicts Kong Yiji's lofty self-esteem, which has the same effect.

8. "Disdaining to argue" and "the unpopularity of the Tang Dynasty" form a wonderful contrast.

9. "Laughter" is an artistic means in the text. Kong Yiji's absurdity is to attack the numbing feudal culture and the feudal system of cannibalism.

10. Repeated writing of Laughter shows superb artistic talent. Kong Yiji lives in a cold and miserable environment. The author uses "laughter" to run through the whole text, which makes the content of tragedy proceed in a "comedy" atmosphere, and the sadness and joy set each other off, adding tragic color.