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Xia Xiang (now Sucheng District, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province) was a famous general and politician in ancient China. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Chu Huaiwang Mi Xin (also known as Xiong Xin) named him Duke of Lu. In the decisive battle of Julu in 2007, he led the Chu army to a crushing defeat. After Qin's death, he called himself "the overlord of the West Chu". = = = = = = = = Liu Bang (256 BC-65438 BC+65438 BC +0. 095 June), the word Ji (posthumous title), the founding emperor of the Han Dynasty (Western Han Dynasty), with the temple name Taizu (but it was called Gaozu since Sima Qian, which was commonly used in later generations). Born in the civilian class. Before he became emperor, he was also called Pei Gong and Wang Hanzhong. = = = = = = = Han Xin (-196), a native of Huaiyin (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu), was a founding star of the Western Han Dynasty and one of three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty. Han Xin made great contributions to the Han Dynasty, but it also aroused Liu Bang's suspicion. After Xiang Yu committed suicide, his power was weakened again and again. Finally, accused of rebellion, he was tricked into the palace by Lv Zhi (Lv Hou) and Xiao He, and was executed in the bell room of Changle Palace. Qi, Chu and Huaiyin were successive kings. = = = = = = Zhang Heng (78-139), whose real name was Ping Zi, was a scientist, writer, politician and painter in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, and was born in Xi 'e, Nanyang (now Shiqiao, Nanyang County, Henan Province). Zhang Heng was born in a declining bureaucratic family, and his grandfather Zhang Kan was a local official. Zhang Heng studied tirelessly since he was a child. "Like a crucian carp crossing the river, he never gives up day and night" comes from history books. I studied in Chang 'an and Luoyang as a teenager, and now I am studying in imperial academy, a famous school at that time. He spent at least ten years studying literature. At the age of 29, he wrote the famous Tokyo Fu and Xijing Fu, which are collectively called Erjing Fu. Zhang Heng was the chief of staff of Nanyang County. In his thirties (11year), Zhang Heng was an official. He worked as a doctor, an official, a bus official and an official, including 14 years. After thirty, Zhang Heng began to study astronomy. He has a deep research on astronomical calendar, including Ling Xian, Ling Xian Tu, Hun Yi Tian Tu Zhu and The Analects of Confucius. In A.D. 1 17, Zhang Heng improved the armillary sphere, and a large astronomical instrument-"water mixed image" (that is, the armillary sphere) designed and manufactured in1/7 was completed in Luoyang. Illustration of the armillary sphere is a masterpiece of armillary sphere theory. In "Spirit Fairy", "Moonlight is born in the sun, and the soul is born in the shadow of the sun; The day is full of light, the day is full of light. It is pointed out that the moon itself does not shine, and moonlight is reflected sunlight. " On the day of rushing, the light often does not coincide and hides in the ground, that is, it is dark and empty, and the stars are faint. When it meets the moon, it is an eclipse. The cause of the eclipse was correctly explained for the first time. In Lingxian, Zhang Heng also calculated the apparent diameters of the sun and the moon, and recorded 2500 stars observed in Luoyang. It is also found that the time required for the earth to go around the sun is "365 degrees, a quarter on Sunday". In the first year of Yang Jia's reign (132), he made the world's first seismograph, the Hou Feng seismograph, which can accurately measure the direction and location of earthquakes, and make officials record the direction and location of earthquakes, accumulating a lot of valuable data. = = = = = = = = = = Zhang Zhongjing (about 150- about 2 19), a famous doctor in Nieyang, Nanyang County (now Nanyang City, Henan Province) at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was called the "medical sage". Write treatise on typhoid and miscellaneous diseases. He used to be the magistrate of Changsha, so he was called Zhang Changsha. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were frequent disturbances and typhoid fever, and many people died, including Zhang Zhongjing's family. He "felt the loss of the past and the damage was irreparable." He studied medicine in Zhangbozu in the same county. He studied ancient medical books such as Huangdi Neijing, Difficult Classics, Yin-Yang Theory, Medical Records of Abortion and Childbirth, collected effective prescriptions extensively, and wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The written books were quickly lost and collected by later generations for many times, and became two books, Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which discussed exogenous fever and miscellaneous diseases in internal medicine respectively. Established the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, summarized the medical experience before the Han Dynasty, and made great contributions to the development of Chinese medicine. = = = = = = = = = = = Hua Tuo (145-208), a famous doctor in Peiguoqiao County (now Bozhou City, Anhui Province). Together with Dong Feng and Zhang Zhongjing, they are also called "Jian 'an Three Magical Doctors". In his early years, he studied in Xu Tu and read several classic works. Pei Gui once praised him for his behavior, and Qiu Huangwan also praised him, but Hua Tuo was unmoved. Practicing medicine in the countryside, because of its superb medical skills and growing fame, many people come to seek medical treatment. Cao Cao knew that Hua Tuo's medical skill was excellent and he was seriously ill with head wind, so he specially called him for medical treatment. However, Hua Tuo left home for too long and missed his family, so he said that he would go home to get the prescription and ask Cao Cao for leave. If you don't want to go back to Cao Cao after returning home, just say that your wife is ill and won't come back when it expires. Cao Cao recalled letters many times and asked the counties to send him back to Huatuo, but Huatuo hated what Cao Cao had done and refused to go back. In 2008, Cao Cao was furious and sent someone to investigate. When he found out that Hua Tuo's wife was cheating, he put Hua Tuo in prison. Yu Xun begged Cao Cao, but Cao Cao refused. Hua tuo gave the jailer a medical book before he died, but the jailer refused to accept it for fear that he would commit a crime. Hua tuo didn't insist and burned it. He was killed at the age of 63. There are two apprentices and Fan .. = = = = = = = = = Sima Qian (former 145, the ninth day of February in the fifth year of Emperor Bingshen 135- 90 years ago/86 years ago), a native of xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi), and an ancient China. His Historical Records is regarded as a model of China's historical books, and later generations respectfully call him Shi Qian and Tai Shigong. Sima Qian's father was Sima Tan, an official of the Western Han Dynasty. Sima Qian received a good education from an early age. At the age of 20, he set out from Chang 'an and traveled all over the Jianghuai Valley, the Central Plains and Bashu areas, where he visited local customs and collected legends. Sima Tan died in the third year of Han Yuanfeng (BC 108), and Sima Qian succeeded his father as Taishigong. At the same time, he also inherited his father's legacy (Sima Tan said to his son before he died: "When I die, you are a teacher, and I will never forget who I want to write." ), ready to write a general history. In the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 104), Sima Qian, Luo jointly founded the calendar. From then on, Sima Qian began to write historical records. In the third year of Liang Wudi's reign (98 BC), Li Ling was defeated and surrendered to the Huns. Liang Wudi was furious. All the civil servants in the Qing Dynasty believed that Li Ling was guilty and the whole family should be punished. Sima Qian defended Li Ling, angered Liang Wudi, and was put in prison and allowed to rot. He once said that "disaster is greater than greed, sorrow is greater than sorrow, and ugliness is greater than imprisonment." Those who are punished and left behind are unparalleled and not lifelong. "After he was released from prison, Sima Qian was appointed secretary of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and angrily wrote history books," in order to understand the changes of ancient and modern times and become a unified theory ",and completed China's first biography-Historical Records. Historical Records didn't have a title at first. Sima Qian showed the manuscript to Dong Fangshuo, and Dong Fangshuo appreciated it and named it Taishi Gongshu. Later generations called Taishigong Gong Ji "Historical Records". After Sima Qian finished writing Historical Records, he knew that this book was not accepted by the contemporary world, so he saved a copy in the famous mountain in advance and passed it on to future generations. Historical Records had a far-reaching influence on the development of later historiography and literature. Lu Xun praised "Historical Records", saying that "historians never sing, leaving Sao without rhyme". Zhao Yi's Notes on the Twenty-two Histories said: "Sima Qian considered the past and the present, and drew inferences from others to make it the whole history. In this chapter, the emperor has an order, a family has a country, ten tables are sometimes things, eight books are detailed, and figures are listed. Then collect the gains and losses of a generation of monarchs, ministers and politicians in a series. Judging from this case, it is certain that the people who created history in the past dynasties can't go beyond its scope, even those who believe in historians are excellent. "In 9 1 year BC, when the prince committed a crime, Ren An, Sima Qian's good friend, received an order from Liu to send troops, but he did not move. Afterwards, he was punished for "sitting and watching". Ren An once wrote to advise Sima Qian to "promote sages as scholars". Sima Qian did not reply at that time, but later wrote a reply to Ren An in prison, which is the famous Letter to Ren An. There is no clear record of Sima Qian's death in history, which leads to the uncertainty of his death year and the controversy of the cause of death. Some people think that Sima Qian died of natural causes during the reign of Emperor Hanzhao. Some people think that Sima Qian lived in seclusion in Shan Ye after finishing Historical Records, which is impossible to verify. There are also cases in which Sima Qian was executed, because he directly expressed his ideas in Bao Ren An Shu, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Emperor Wu. Now, there are temples and tombs of Sima Qian in Nanyuan, Zhichuan Town, Hancheng, Shaanxi, China. There are tombstones of Sima's hometown and ancestors in Gaomen Village, Xiyuan, Zhichuan Town. Hancheng folklore: After Sima Qian was convicted, many of his men changed their surnames to avoid disaster. Or add a dash after "Si" and change the surname to "Tong"; Or add two points to "Ma" and change the surname to "Feng". Therefore, people with the same surname and Feng surname in Xiyuan of Zhichuan Town may be his descendants. 2006-10-2812: 01:35 Supplement: You can go to Wikipedia.

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Western Han Dynasty: Emperor Gaozu (Liu Bang)

Hui Di

Queen Lu

Wendy

Jingdi

Zhou Yafu

Emperor Wu

Zhu (reading: performance)

Zhang Yi (read: Xuan)