Before the liberation of China, primary school was a six-year system, which was divided into two stages: primary school and high school. The age of admission is six.
After liberation, influenced by the Soviet academic system, the primary school was designated as a five-year system (later a six-year system), and the school age was seven years old.
2. Amateur (workers and farmers) education
The Soviet Union attached great importance to the amateur education of cadres, especially in the early days of the revolution, which was very necessary. Long before the reform of the education system, the first accelerated middle school for workers and peasants in China opened in Beijing on April 3, 1950. By the beginning of June, there were already 12 schools in China. This type of school was established by drawing lessons from the practices of workers' departments and farmers' departments affiliated to Soviet universities.
3. Higher education
The adjustment of colleges and departments in colleges and universities is a major reform of China's higher education system, and it is also carried out under the influence of Soviet higher education system. This departmental adjustment started in Beijing and Tianjin 1952, and was carried out in East China, Southwest China, Central South China, Northeast China and Northwest China, and basically ended in 1953. The focus of this adjustment is to rectify and strengthen comprehensive universities and develop specialized colleges, first of all, industrial colleges and normal colleges; Secondly, adjust the layout of colleges and universities. The types of institutions of higher learning, basically imitating the types of institutions of higher learning in the Soviet Union, are divided into comprehensive universities (only two disciplines of arts and sciences) and specialized colleges (including engineering, agriculture, medicine, normal universities, finance and economics, politics and law, art, language, sports and other disciplines). ). 1953 for the second time, mainly in the central south administrative region.
The main purpose of department adjustment is to change the situation that higher education can't meet the needs of new China's economic construction. Before the adjustment, the situation of higher education in China was: there were 2 1 1 institutions of higher learning in China. Among them, there are 49 comprehensive universities (colleges or departments with at least 3 disciplines), 9 independent colleges1,and 7 junior colleges1.
4. Teaching methods
Adopt the teaching mode and method of the Soviet Union.
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, China's education not only imitated the education system of the Soviet Union, but also studied and adopted their textbooks, teaching models and teaching methods. In June1952165438+10/2, the Ministry of Education issued a directive, requiring all colleges and universities to make a textbook compilation plan for the Soviet Union. According to the guidance, the textbooks of the first and second grade basic courses and some necessary and conditional professional courses should be translated first, and then the textbooks of other courses should be translated step by step. In order to organize Chinese institutions of higher learning and relevant human resources to carry out this work step by step and in a planned way, the Ministry of Education issued the Interim Provisions on Textbook Translation of Soviet Institutions of Higher Learning on October 27th of the same year, which stipulated the translation plans of various schools. After the translation is approved by the textbook editorial board, it will be published in the name of "Teaching materials recommended by the Ministry of Education for trial use in colleges and universities". It can be seen that in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the textbooks used by universities in China were basically from the Soviet Union.
5, teaching and research section
The system of setting up teaching and research sections in colleges and universities and teaching and research groups in primary and secondary schools also came from the Soviet Union. This is the basic teaching unit of the school. The teaching and research section of colleges and universities is a professional unit, and all teachers are assigned to the corresponding teaching and research section according to their own majors. They prepare lessons together, discuss academic issues of their respective majors and compile teaching materials. Teaching and research groups in primary and secondary schools are subject-based, and teachers are divided into corresponding teaching and research groups according to the subjects they teach, preparing lessons together, listening to each other, and collectively participating in various school activities. This kind of organization is conducive to giving full play to the collective role of teachers and ensuring the quality of teaching, especially to giving full play to the guidance and help of old teachers to young teachers. But it also has some negative effects, that is, it encourages some teachers' dependence and sometimes inhibits teachers' creativity. This form of teaching organization is still in use in various schools in China.