Secondly, in order to implement prenatal education, Kang Youwei put forward more than 40 requirements for the environment, buildings, equipment, medical care, hygiene, health care, education and services of hospitals specially set up for pregnant women. He placed great emphasis on the influence of exogenous factors, and believed that the human brain "once it feels something from the outside, it will never be forgotten, and it will sprout and develop in time." At the same time, he pointed out that "pregnancy is full of feelings" and attributed a person's face, personality, skin color and even the number of people born to the external influence of different regions, unequal terrain and different climates.
He believes that in the rugged valley, there are many people with long tumors and narrow temperament. Tropical blacks are not only ugly: their faces are black and their teeth are silver, their cheeks are pointed, their backs are oblique, their skin is black and yellow, and they are not so smart when they sweat a lot. Therefore, he advocates that the location of prenatal education must be chosen between cold and warm areas, wide fields in the plains and places surrounded by springs. Here Kang Youwei can notice the influence of environment on prenatal education, which should be said to be of positive significance. However, he overemphasized the role of geographical environment and implied racial discrimination, which is not desirable.
In order to ensure the correct implementation of prenatal education, Kang Youwei also asked pregnant women to arrange and take care of all the food, clothing, housing and transportation after admission, and had a special female fu to give them lectures, so that pregnant women could learn the knowledge of "human justice" and "parenting methods", and also chose pictures and books they saw and read for pregnant women, paying attention to the people they interacted with, so they enjoyed it.
In short, everything is based on the premise that the fetus can get good growth and development.
In addition, Kang Youwei also believes that people's hospitals should give great respect to pregnant women. He pointed out: "Women regard strangers as their great responsibility, so the public government respects them and respects them." He believes that "pregnant women are born as public property, covering all mothers." And pregnant women have the pain of having children, so "the public should respect it for the sky and for the public." He suggested that every time a pregnant woman gives birth to a child, the government should award it to a "treasure star" so that people can take giving birth as a sacred and glorious thing and do their duty for the public.
Kang Youwei's prenatal education thought not only comes from China's ancient and folk traditions, but also absorbs the western democratic and scientific thoughts in the asset stage. Therefore, although his prenatal education thought has some shortcomings, it is undoubtedly an improvement and adds some scientific elements compared with the ancient prenatal education thought.
After the baby was born, it was weaned at the age of 6 months, and the mother was discharged from the hospital, and the baby was sent to the nursery for raising. After reaching the age of 3, he will move to a child-friendly family or a pregnant woman's home for education. If there is no child-friendly family, he will still receive education in the nursery until he is 6 years old. In this way, the mother's responsibility of hugging and raising the child is relieved after giving birth, and the public government will invite another person to take on the responsibility of raising the child.
Kang Youwei attaches great importance to the education of infants. He pointed out: "It's difficult to practice in the early casting, but difficult to practice in the later casting" to illustrate the importance of early education. And put forward 17 measures, which can be summarized as follows:
First of all, put forward specific requirements for the appointment of personnel, and draw up the division of labor and reward and punishment system. If you want to choose a kind-hearted, strong woman who is endowed by the people as "maternity protection". It is stipulated that children under two years old have 1 female caregivers, and children over two years old have 2 to 3 female caregivers. Because women have the responsibility of surrogate mothers, Dade gives them performances of benevolent treasure stars, and the more treasure stars, the more glorious they are.
Secondly, the choice of hospital site and the layout of the hospital are stipulated. In the regulations, he particularly emphasized that "it is not allowed in narrow valleys, rough rocks, dry and humid places", and it is not allowed near noisy and filthy places such as markets, theaters, cemeteries, factories and parking lots. At the same time, hospitals are required to build less grass, be cool and ventilated, plant more flowers and trees, and store more fish and birds.
Third, clarify the educational objectives and contents. His educational goal is "to nurture children, to be the soul of Le Er, and to enlighten children". The contents of education include language, songs, common sense, handicrafts and so on. And pay special attention to the role of manual production in making a living or engaging in management in the future.
In addition, he also attaches great importance to the health care of infants and young children, and stipulates that doctors should patrol twice in the morning and evening, and dress, eat and play moderately. If the child is sick, he should be treated three times a day, and special care should be taken if he is serious.
To sum up, Kang Youwei put forward a set of children's public thoughts for the first time in the history of preschool education in China, and envisaged a complete preschool public education system from prenatal education to preschool education. Although his ideal is a fantasy that can never be realized, it reflects the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie, absorbs some reasonable factors of the western bourgeois education thought, and plays a role in promoting and laying the foundation for the development of China's children's public education thought and the emergence of preschool education institutions in modern times.
1840 after the opium war, due to the invasion of western capitalist powers, traditional feudal education began to gradually change to semi-colonial and semi-feudal education. In this transformation process, the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement in modern times profoundly influenced the emergence and development of modern education from different aspects. However, it was not until the beginning of the 20th century that the Qing government, out of reactionary political needs, had to announce the implementation of "new education" and establish a modern school education system including preschool education system.
The pre-school education in modern China has the nature and characteristics of semi-colonial and semi-feudal education from the very beginning. Although it transplanted Japan's modern preschool education model in form, it is still a continuation of feudal traditional education in ideological content.
In modern preschool education in China, kindergartens and teacher training institutions founded by the church occupied a certain position. They serve the purpose of imperialist cultural aggression, but they also provide reference for the establishment and development of modern preschool education in China to some extent.
Kang Youwei was one of the earliest advocates of children's public education in modern China. Although his ideal of children's public education is an unrealistic dream, his public education system for preschool children from prenatal education to preschool education is of positive significance to the development of preschool education and educational thought in the future.