Confucius in Wensheng mentioned Confucius, a sage of Confucius, which is well known in China and even the whole Chinese cultural circle. Confucius, Mingqiu, was a famous thinker and educator at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. As early as ancient times, it was regarded as. A saint in heaven? 、? Tiandao muduo? , one of the most knowledgeable scholars in the society at that time, was honored by later rulers as Confucius, the most holy, the most holy teacher, Dacheng, the most holy teacher and the eternal teacher. His Confucianism has a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and is listed as? Top ten cultural celebrities in the world? The first one.
Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and led some disciples to travel around the world 14 years. In his later years, he studied six classics: Poetry, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi Zhuan and Chunqiu. According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their descendants recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.
The Analects of Confucius embodies Confucius' political ideas, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. , but equal to the university, the doctrine of the mean and Mencius? Four books? Its language is concise and profound, and many of its remarks are still respected by the world today? What's the big deal? .
Mencius, an Asian sage, was born in Zou during the Warring States Period. He was a famous thinker and educator after Confucius, the representative of Confucianism in the Warring States Period, and he wrote Mencius.
Mencius inherited and carried forward Confucius' thought, advocated kingliness and condemned hegemony. Advocate? People first, country second, and monarch first? People-oriented thinking strongly advocates the theory of good human nature, saying: everyone has compassion. ? Say it again: Everyone can think of Yao and Shun. ? Put the way of benevolence and righteousness into practice? I am old, and people are old; Young, young, young people? For the idea of love. With what? Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent? For the performance of justice. Following the example of Confucius, he led his disciples around the world, but it was not accepted by all countries at that time, and then he retired and wrote books with his disciples. As a master of Confucianism, second only to Confucius, its influence on China culture in later generations is comprehensive and enormous. Yasheng? This name, together with Confucius? Kong Meng? .
Sima Qian, a historical sage, was a famous historian in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. He studied since childhood and recited blog posts. After the age of 20, he traveled all over China to learn about customs and collect rumors. After all the hardships, he became famous. On the occasion of the study of heaven and man, we can change from ancient times to modern times and become a family statement? Historical knowledge created China's first general history discipline-Historical Records. Book 130, with more than 526,500 words, including 12 biographies, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables and 8 books.
This book is recognized as a model of China's history books, which records the history of more than 3,000 years from the people in the Yellow Emperor period in ancient legends to the first year of Yuanshou in Liang Wudi, and has a great influence on later generations. Record, trust history? Was praised by Mr. Lu Xun? Historians sing a swan song, Li Sao has no rhyme? , on it? Twenty-five histories are the first, and they are called together with Zi Zhi Tong Jian? History? . Sima Qian was revered by later generations? Shi Sheng? .
Guan Yu, a military commander, looks at the world. Where China people live in concentrated places, there is Guandi Temple, which shows that Guan Gong or Guandi industry has long been deeply rooted in people's hearts.
Guan Yu, who lived from the end of the Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, was the main general of Shu and Liu Bei's sworn brother, with high martial arts. However, Guan Yu in the official history is just a military commander, and I am a famous soldier in the history of China, and I became an incarnation after my death? Hou and Wang, Wang and Di, Di and Sheng, Sheng and Tian? Yes, Guan Yu is the only one.
Guan Yu was deified from a mortal to a saint, first of all, thanks to Luo Guanzhong. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he portrayed Guan Yu as a brave and loyal military commander. Although I used to be sworn brothers in the United States and followed Liu Bei everywhere, I was still able to kill the enemy and show my great power. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, the official worshipped the head of the five tigers and generals. After the defeated Maicheng was killed, Shu, Wu and Wei held funerals for it. After his death, he appeared several times, chasing the soul of Monroe, scolding Sun Quan and shocking Cao Cao.
According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are stories about killing bears and tigers, the Three Realms in Taoyuan, the killing of Hua Xiong and Hulao Pass with warm wine, the killing of Sim under the moon, and the crossing of five customs. Finally propped up Guan Yu? The sun is like a mirror, and spring and autumn are just thin clouds? Worship the image of the stalwart, coupled with the typical high-profile propaganda of Guan Yu as a loyal minister and patriot. Finally let Guan Yu go to the altar.
Zhang Zhi, Cao Sheng, was a calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. He came from an official family and loved calligraphy since he was a child. Every family's clothes and silks are written before they are practiced, especially the grass (the grass of the old official). . At the age of seven, my father invited a respected gentleman to teach him to read and write. At the age of ten, he was sent to Dunhuang Research Institute to study. There is a pool in the school auditorium, and Zhang Zhi practices calligraphy by the pool every afternoon.
At that time, paper was still a luxury, very expensive. Zhang Zhi mainly practiced calligraphy with bamboo slips. Over time, bamboo slips written by Zhang Zhi piled up into mountains. Every time he finishes writing, he washes his brush, bamboo slips and inkstone in the pool. Five years later, the original crystal clear pool water turned into ink. What is this called? Zhang Zhi washes Mo Chi? . Later generations called it learning calligraphy? Lin Chi? This is where it came from. Wang Xizhi, a book sage, said with appreciation: Learning books in Linchi, all the water in the pool is ink and excellent, so am I! ?
Zhang zhi absorbed the essence of cursive art in the past and was original? A book? , the so-called? Big grass? China's calligraphy has entered a brand-new realm, and the calligrapher's artistic personality has been completely liberated. Zhang Zhi's contribution to China's calligraphy was highly praised by later generations and honored as? Cao Sheng? .
Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage, was a famous physician in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was born in a declining bureaucratic family, and his father was a scholar, which enabled him to get in touch with many classics since he was a child. Zhang Zhongjing is realistic, studious and well-read. He saw the story of Bian Que's visit to Qi Huangong from the history books and admired Bian Que's superb medical skills. Since then, he has developed a strong interest in medicine. He was diligent in learning from the experience of the ancients in treating diseases, learned from others' experience and wrote the famous Treatise on Febrile Diseases. The principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment established in the book is the basic principle of clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine and the soul of traditional Chinese medicine, which is regarded as a must-read classic by later pathologists.
Zhang Zhongjing's medical theory has made great contributions to the development of ancient medicine in China and the health of ordinary people, and his medical theory has made great contributions to modern medical research. Later generations studied his medical theory, admired his medical skills and ethics, and called him? Medical sage? .
Wang Xizhi, a calligrapher, was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was born in a famous family. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they were cool and lovely, and there were not a few people who were good at calligraphy. His father Wang Kuang is good at official script, his uncle Wang Dao is good at cursive script, and his uncle Wang Weigong is good at Cao Libaifei. Besides, cousins Wang Tian, Wang Qia and Wang Zhu are all famous for their calligraphy. In such a scholarly family with a strong artistic atmosphere, Wang Xizhi's talent has been well cultivated. At the age of seven, he began to learn calligraphy. He studied under many famous artists. Because he studied hard, learned from others, and was open-minded, his artistic spirituality was well developed. He carried out drastic reforms on regular script and cursive script, and changed the calligraphy style of Han and Wei dynasties into a beautiful and relaxed style, which was very contemporary.
There are many works by Wang Xizhi, and Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, has widely collected his works, and it is said that there are thousands of them. Yang Xin (another famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty) said his calligraphy? The more expensive the group products, the more ancient and modern? . Liang Wudi Xiao Yan praised Wang Xizhi's works? The words are powerful and easy to escape, such as the sky in Yue Long and the tiger lying on the phoenix, so they are treasured through the ages. . Li Shimin, who has always admired Wang Xizhi, took Wang Xizhi's calligraphy to the extreme, searched extensively, and finally brought the Preface to Lanting into the coffin.
Because of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy attainments and far-reaching influence on later generations, and the emperor's great love, later generations called it? Book saint? .
Wu Daozi, a painter saint, was a famous painter in Tang Dynasty in China. Born in poverty, he studied calligraphy under the then calligraphers Zhang Xu and He. Later, he made great efforts to change the painting, gradually getting better and better, and mastered the wonderful method of painting. Because he is diligent and eager to learn, he is already less than 20 years old? The beauty of poverty? , enjoys a high reputation in the painting world. Later, he was called to Chang 'an, Tang Dou, to paint for the royal family and was awarded? Doctor of internal medicine? And stipulate that he. You can't draw without letters? .
Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sealed Mount Tai and ordered Wu Daozi to accompany him. Later, when I returned to Luzhou (now Changzhi, Shanxi), I drove the Jinqiao and took the Imperial Road. Three twists and turns? . How many miles did Emperor Xuanzong see? The flag is fresh and clean, and the feather guards are purged? Excited, he said to his entourage: where is Zhang? 300,000 troops, banner of thousands of miles, Shaanxi Right Party. As for Taiyuan? . What a genius. ? A large crowd shouted at once? Long live? . So I called Wu Daozi, Wei Buqi and Chen Hong and asked them to draw the Golden Bridge together. Chen Hong is responsible for painting the true face of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the white horse he rode at night, Wei Bu is responsible for painting dogs, horses, mules, donkeys, cattle and sheep, and Wu Daozi is responsible for painting bridges, landscapes, cars, figures, trees and flowers, wild birds, warships and curtains. After the "Golden Bridge Map" is drawn, time is absolute? .
One day, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty suddenly remembered the beautiful scenery of Jialing River in Sichuan, which was full of fun, so he ordered Wu Daozi to sketch in Jialing River. Wu Daozi came back after a free visit and even drew a sketch. When Tang Xuanzong asked about painting, he said:? I don't have a pink book, keep it in mind. ? Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked him to paint a landscape on the wall of Datong Hall. Wu Daozi was engrossed in writing, and it took only one day's effort for the whirlwind lamp of Jialing River to emerge from the paper. Tang Xuanzong lamented: Li Sixun's achievements in a few months and Wu Daozi's achievements in a day are amazing! ?
Wu Daozi is good at landscapes. His main painting "Golden Bridge Map" and his personal painting "Three Hundred Mile Map of Jialing River Landscape" are amazing. He is better at figure painting. In his masterpieces "Hell in disguise" and "Born of Gautama Buddha", the characters in the works are lifelike. He also vigorously promoted the art of painting, carefully taught his disciples, and passed on his superb skills to the next generation, so that the art of painting was highly respected by future generations? Painting saint? .
Du Fu, a poet sage, was a great realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, who was born in the northern gentry. Grandfather is Du, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. He is very talented and is known as Li Qiao, Cui Rong and Su Weidao? Four friends of the article? . As a teenager, Du Fu received a good education from an early age because of his superior family environment and stable and prosperous life. He is also smart and studious, and he can write poems at the age of seven. Seven-year-old thinking, open mouth to sing the phoenix? . Du Fu's early works mainly express his ideal ambition and expected life path. On the other hand, he? To the monarch Yao Shun, and then make the customs chun? Many works in this period reflected the sufferings of people's livelihood and political turmoil at that time, and exposed the ugly behavior of the rulers. Since then, he has embarked on a life and creative road of worrying about the country and the people.
Du Fu's life can be described as wandering. With the increasingly corrupt politics in the later period of Tang Xuanzong, his life became increasingly poor and disappointed. During his wandering life, Du Fu wrote Wang Chun, Northern Expedition, Three Officials (Xin 'an, Shi Hao, Tongguan) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless). His poems as a whole reflect the changing process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, so they are called? Epic? He himself is addressed as. Poet saint? With Li Bai? Du Li? In order to talk to two other poets, Li Shangyin and Li Mu? Little Du Li? Distinguish, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called together? Big Dooley? .
Cha Sheng Lu Luyu became a scholar in the Tang Dynasty. He loved tea all his life and was good at tea ceremony. He wrote three volumes of tea classics, becoming the first book on tea science in the world. He has made outstanding contributions to the cultural development of China and the world in the field of tea science or tea industry. In the history of tea culture in China, Lu Yu's thoughts on tea science, tea art and tea ceremony, as well as his Tea Classic, are epoch-making symbols, and are known as? Tea fairy? Respect? Cha Sheng? , worship? Tea god? .
Lu Yu is well-read and versatile. He was famous as a scholar not only before he wrote the Tea Classic, but also after it became famous all over the country, even in his later years. He was addressed as Cha Sheng only after his death.
Besides The Book of Tea, Lu Yu's other works are also quite rich. "Wen yuan according to Huaying? Autobiography of Lu literature:? Since the chaos in the Central Plains of Lushan Mountain, I wrote four elegies, peeped at Jianghuai and wrote down the nameless Fu of Tianfu. At that time, everyone was grateful to tears. He is the author of three volumes, namely, The Covenant of the Monarch and the Minister, Thirty Volumes of Origin, Eight Volumes of Genealogy of Four Surnames in Jiangxi, Ten Maps of North and South, One Volume of the Official History of Xing Wu, and Three Volumes of Zhan Meng. According to the Records of Lin 'an in the Spring Festival, Lu Yu wrote something when he lived in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Unfortunately, these works are rarely handed down.