For footballers in the19th century, football is not complicated. Except the goalkeeper, 10 players run after the ball like animals on the court. Without the guidance of scientific research and rigorous tactics, everyone has only one purpose, which is to kick the ball into the net. Later players gradually discovered the profoundness of football, and the academic research of football penetrated into the stadium. At that time, many football players realized that the disorderly rolling and flying speed of football was faster than the speed of human running. Without an organized and structured management, players on the court will consume a lot of unnecessary physical strength for this. As a result, the contradiction between offensive and defensive appeared. The original tactics now look incredible. When the tactic of "1-0- 10" appeared, many players thought that attack was the best defense at that time, and they scored very frequently on the court. "1-0- 10" used to be the mainstream play of players in the early19th century, but it was later discovered that when 10 striker was in the frontcourt, as long as his opponent cleared his own half with a big foot, none of his players could retreat in time and could only watch his opponent kick the ball into the net with an empty net. This phenomenon led to the later proposal of "1- 1-9". The biggest feature of this tactic is to remove a defender from the original striker line, which has curbed the opponent's chance to get the ball with a single knife to a certain extent, but the goals are still very frequent, and the goalkeeper is almost useless. Football originated in England in the middle of19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that football was really regarded as a discipline. As the birthplace of modern football, English football has made indelible contributions to the development of modern football in the early stage of football. When they played the tactics of "1- 10" and "1- 1-9", countries all over the world were still at a loss about football. With the increase of experience, many people find that in addition to the frontcourt and backcourt, there is also a midfield that connects the front and back. As a result, a new tactical system appeared. At that time, someone divided the nine forwards in the frontcourt, just like chess pieces, some were in front and some were behind. This is the real formation of football. The difference between him and 10 players is that football is organized, tactical and formed. .....

Tactics: 2-3-5 At the beginning of the 20th century, tactics were still very confusing. Some people still firmly believe in the playing style of the nine strikers, while another group of emerging forces are constantly reducing the nine strikers in the frontcourt through exploration and practice. 1900, England's Buli team took the lead in establishing the success of "2-3-5" play. They let the strikers Richards, mccullough and plante stand in the opponent's restricted area from beginning to end, forcing the opposing strikers to take care of both defense and defense, making them afraid to attack rashly. Behind Bly's three strikers, there are two shadow strikers, Wood and Saga, which just make up for the previous disjointed formation, firmly grasp the key position of the opponent and force the opponent to play passively. There are Paya, Li Ming and Ross in the midfield, although there are only three avantgarde. Because the opponent's striker attack system is destroyed by his own formation, they are like the last checkpoint, and the opponent can't break through them at all and has been intercepted. While Darroko, Davidson and goalkeeper Topson do almost nothing in defense, they can easily solve the occasional threat. This lineup finally succeeded after many controversies and arguments at that time, and Bly won the FA Cup with this style of play. Many clubs have studied the advantages of this style of play, and come to the conclusion that the Buli team made every corner of the stadium have its own figure and divided it into its own area early, so when the opponent entered this area, it was fully prepared to destroy the opponent's attack. It used to be played differently. They are 65,438+00 strikers chasing the ball together. Many players regard chasing as the only meaningless scoring method in the game, but the final result is to consume physical strength through a lot of meaningless running, which is essentially different from the early work of Buli team. "2-3-5" has greatly promoted the development of football. Because of its excellent offensive and defensive theory at that time, many clubs began to follow suit and became popular in world football for 30 years. The layout of "2 -3-5" has put pressure on opponents, which means that these five strikers can wander back and forth in the opponent's restricted area, which greatly interferes with the opponent's deployment. Teams that are not good at this style of play all express headaches and troubles. At first, the strikers didn't realize this problem, but with the intensification of this outbreak, the five strikers in the "2-3-5" formation became more and more passive. They just waited in the opponent's penalty area to seize the opportunity to score, and some strikers even stood with the goalkeeper. When the goalkeeper came to save the ball, they waited for the chance to score. This style of play shows a big loophole in the football match, so "offside" appeared after 1920, which brought new problems to the "2-3-5" style of play. Soon, five strikers learned to run skillfully against "offside" and gained new characteristics. That is, when the opponent thinks that he can boldly advance offside, the five strikers will keep a certain distance from the opponent's defense. Once it's time to fight back, the five strikers will suddenly rush to the other side's door like mercury. So "2-3-5" is impeccable. 1934, the Italian national team won the World Cup in this way. Coach Pozzo summed up the British tactics. After the implementation of "2-3-5" in China, fans regarded this tactic as a "textbook" without loopholes.

Tactics: WM(3-2-5) But in Britain, some people have studied the onslaught of "2-3-5". Chapman of Judith Field has an innovative mind, and he later went to Arsenal as a coach. 1927 He began to look for the loophole of "2-3-5" and used his offside knowledge to get ahead of others. Since then, he has improved "2-3-5", putting the centre-back between the two centre-backs, and connecting these positions with lines, just like the English letters W and M, Arsenal's impressive record has made Chapman a legend in football. Let Arsenal rule England in the1930s. 1936 FA Cup final can be regarded as the success of "WM" tactics, and it is precisely because of Arsenal's exquisite "WM" drill that it attracted the attention of the European continent. At that time, Arsenal still arranged three main strikers, Hulmo, Drake and Bastin, to cruise in the opponent's restricted area, and let Boden and Mace play inside strikers to form an "M". Then let Clayton and Corbin play in midfield, and Mel, Roberts and Hapgood play at the back, forming a "W". The routine in the frontcourt is still the same as in the past, but in the backcourt, Roberds became the leader. After he entered the system as a central defender, it became Chapman's "loose move" to contain the other five strikers and drive his teammates to create offside in the key position of the center and backcourt. Ironically, although Arsenal won the FA Cup in 1936, George Aresson was the coach who caused a sensation in Europe by implementing the "WM" tactics at that time. 1938, Italian coach Pozzo led the team to defend the title in France. He used an old-fashioned trailing center and added a sniper to the defense. This Italian WM tactic makes the central defender in "WM" more aggressive, and Pozzo has become the real beneficiary of this "WM". 1934, learned English 2-3-5. In the next 20 years, "WM" became the mainstream tactics, during which many changes took place in this respect. Swiss and Austrian coach Rafael further developed this tactic. He made two inside forwards contract in the middle, and the division of labor between the two central defenders was clearer. One stared at the opposing center, and the other blocked the opposing center's attack when the opposing center split the ball to both sides. One player is removed from the midfield, which forms the core of the team's attack with the delayed center, and the four forwards are responsible for the attack full-time. Later, the Austrian team even regarded "WM" as a magic weapon to win, and they always used this tactic to 1954.

Tactics: In the 3-3-440 s, because Britain refused to participate in the World Cup, they actually had a distance from the tactical concept of continental Europe. Italy was the representative team of advanced tactics in Europe at that time. After winning the World Cup twice in 1930s, their national team coach Bozo trained many tactical theorists and practitioners. Some people even say that Bozo used "2-3-5" in the 1934 World Cup, which can be called "tactics", and winning the championship with "WM" in 1938 can be called "tactical system", and football has developed in this country. At that time, the Italian League brought a large number of South American and Swedish strikers because of Milan, Juventus and Rome, which had a great impact on many small Italian clubs. Small clubs found that even the "WM" which has paid great attention to the defensive layout is still not enough to resist the South American striker. The other side can easily fly to the midfield penalty area and pass the team's last central defender, and then face a direct net break. At that time, in order to cope with this situation, Padova added another striker in the midfield to ease the pressure on the defense. This change is very effective, and many clubs have the problem of breaking through the middle road. Even American strikers, after easily passing the interception of midfielders, find it difficult to continue to break through the defense line. Therefore, "3-3 -4" became a common practice in Italy at that time. At that time, coach Rocco of Padua team was the first coach who thought of preventing foreign aid from the stars by strictly guarding against death. He carried forward the defensive tactics of "Swiss chain" in Lapane, Austria, and Padova team relied more on their quick counterattack. Udinese also benefited a lot from learning this formation. Because of the success of 3-3-4 in actual combat, even big clubs began to adopt it. Inter coach Fini's defensive play allowed the team to dominate Serie A twice in the 1950s. 1953, Fini won the Italian first-division championship with the successful application of this tactic. His lineup is very simple, Lorenz and Nares are the main strikers, and Massa and Skorod are the inside strikers. The midfield is very strong and almost unbreakable, guarded by armand, Neri and Nesti. The defensive lines are Blassin, Giovanni and Comazzi, Kaya. Coach Fini regards Neri as the core of the team. He plays the role of offensive leader and defensive leader.

Tactics: 3-2-5 Although Inter Milan succeeded in Italy, "WM" at that time was still a very important means to win the game. Hungarians don't have as many problems as Italians, because they trained great strikers like Serbs and Kocsis. As a result, when Inter Milan successfully played 3-3-4, the Hungarians changed the tactics of "WM". This time, the change was made internationally. At that time, the British style of play had more and more negative effects on the development of football, just as the "3-2-5" style of play was bound to be negative when it reached its peak. Many emerging coaches believe that without innovation, they can only stand still. Hard-working coaches in eastern Europe are determined to inject more passion into football. Some people think that this football revolution in Hungary is the beginning of truly modern football. First of all, there are fixed numbers in their positions. The number of the central defender is No.3, and the numbers of the left and right central defenders are No.4 and No.5. A central defender in charge of the attack is organically connected with the trailing center. They attract each other's inner forwards and then attack the two center forwards themselves. Their logic is simple, and many people think this tactical change is meaningless. However, Hungary and England, the ancestors of modern football, shocked football. They beat the home team at Wembley 1953 6-3, and England returned to Budapest the following year. Unexpectedly, the loss was even worse (1-7). At that time, Hungarian coach Sebos used the same 3-2-5 style in the game against England. The difference is that the opponent still uses "WM", while Hungary has become a layout similar to "WW". But because this tactic is still based on "WM", people still think it is a "WM" tactic. The characteristic of "WW" tactics is that Hungarians feel fed up after arranging two main strikers, Serbian and Kocsis, and then retreat the original center to the position of inner striker parallel to Budai and Chipol. This retreat turned Hidegkuti, the original main striker, into a shadow striker. He can often undertake defensive tasks, but sometimes he can also give his opponent a fatal blow with a sudden blow. As for the center and backcourt, Hungary has arranged Buskau, Zakras, Buzanszky, Rolant and lantos. The shape of the defense line is still "W", but two Hungarian avant-garde Bao Si Kao and Zakras are more energetic. This tactic of Hungarian coach Sebos can be said to be the first tactical revolution, largely because they defeated the English team, which has always been the boss, and their heavy losses to their opponents also made the English team really care about international competitions. However, Hungary was defeated by West Germany in the 1954 World Cup final. Later, the Soviet Union sent troops to suppress the riots in Budapest, and a large number of Hungarian stars went into exile. The end of this football revolution is regrettable and painful.

Tactics: 4-2-4 At this time, football has already appeared the era of using its own tactics in combination with its own characteristics. Many countries find that a tactic may be useful in this country, but it is rubbish in another country. For Brazil, they looked down on Italy's defensive tactics, and when they introduced 4- 2-4 tactics, it also brought shock to football. European tactics don't apply to South Americans. As early as 1927, Brazilians began to create their own tactical play. At that time, coach Cardoso invented his own V-style play and oblique attack. "V" attack is another variant of "WM". The backcourt keeps a "W" shape, while the frontcourt is a "V" shape. The center retreated completely and combined with the wingers on both sides to form a "V", that is, the vertex in the middle of W was pulled down to form a "V". The center retreated to draw out the best defender of the other side and was suddenly inserted by two inside forwards. The change of formation made the whole team have seven players when attacking. They cooperated with each other, interspersed, looked for and created gaps. In 1930s and 1940s, Brazil continued to use this tactic, which was also called "Tower" and evolved into "4-2-4", which was the second tactical revolution in the history of world football. This is a combination of Italian chain defense and Austrian carpet attack. Man-to-man defense and zone defense are combined. According to the opponent's situation, try to gain the defensive advantage or offensive advantage on the field. Defensively, Brazil resisted the opponent's attack with the advantages of two central defenders, while the attack used the advantage of inside to highlight concealment and suddenness. In addition, the Brazilian also invented the diagonal attack in the attack, and changed the m of "WM" into a trapezoidal arrangement, so that the left front and the left inner front retreated to form a trapezoidal station. In this way, the right side hits the left side, the left side attacks, let the right side detour, and then flank the right side and the left side. In the meantime, the center in the middle serves as a transition. In this transfer, the center's role in the team is futile, but even if the opposing central defender sees through this tactic and goes straight to the sideline, the center can break through on his own. 1950, Brazil used this method to shine in the World Cup held at home. 1958, under the leadership of coach Feola, created a miracle. At that time, the four strikers composed of Pele, Wawa, zagallo and Garrincha cooperated skillfully, while Zito and Didi in the midfield had the demeanor of tacticians and dominated the overall situation with great attainments. Santos, Bei Lini and Orlando also played a decisive role in the size of the defence. As the first country to use four defenders, Brazil made it difficult for opponents' forwards to shoot for the first time in the World Cup at that time, and it was inevitable to win the World Cup. The second football tactical revolution and the first Hungarian tactical revolution took only four years, but in these four years, Brazil made the world discover the advantage of four defenders for the first time. Since then, four guards have become the standard defense mode in this century, even now.

Tactics: 4-3-3 The theory of football formation in the 1960s has its own characteristics, but it is the Brazilians who can really combine theory with practice. At that time, Brazil coach morera felt that it was difficult for the four strikers to push the football defense more and more closely. On the contrary, it is better to strengthen the strength of the midfield and prevent the opponent's counterattack. Morera's tactics combine the style of an Italian club, thinking that a strong midfielder can not only avoid the crisis of the defense, but also allow his striker to create opportunities when his opponent is tired. This is actually an evolution of 4-2-4, and its method is nothing more than withdrawing a striker from the past to the midfield. The new formation played its role, and the 4-3-3 style of play began to have an impact on world football. Brazil's Pele didn't play because of injury after the World Cup. Brazil won the championship with 1.962 through the defense lines of Santos, Mauro and Zozimo, the midfielders of Zito, Didi and zagallo, and the defense lines of Garrincha, Wawa and Amado. In fact, this is also a last resort. Coach morera naturally played a slightly conservative football because he didn't have Pele's trump card, but he used Garrincha's counter-attack speed in the frontcourt to achieve the same effect: champion! As a result, the 4-3-3 formation was better evaluated in Europe at that time, because Europeans, who have always been steady, thought that only offensive and defensive balance could win!

Tactics: 1-3-3-3 In the mid-1960s, Inter Milan welcomed an all-round coach-Herrera. He was born in Morocco, educated in Argentina and trained in French and Spanish football circles. He combined football talent with man-to-man tactics, and as a result, they won the European Champions Cup and the World Club Cup in one fell swoop. This is a specific defensive tactic that Italians are famous for. In the 1964 European Champions Cup, Herrera's theory was affirmed, and he led the club to be respected in Europe and even the world with a 4-3-3 variant. At that time, no one had defined this method, but it was not until the West German team used beckenbauer in the 1970s that it was discovered that, as early as 1964, the Italians had taken the lead in using "free men". Herrera dealt with one of the four defenders. He asked the defender to leave the position parallel to the other three defenders and stand alone behind his side, responsible for the overall command and planning. At that time, Inter Milan maintained the style of Brazilian tactics in the frontcourt, with JAL, mazzola and Milani as forwards, Tagni, Suarez and corzo as avantgarde, and Bunic, Gulanelli and Faccetti as defenders in the backcourt, but the captain Pizzi played the role of sweeper. Due to the lack of experience in this field, the use of sweepers was not particularly successful at that time. Once the sweeper makes a mistake with the general commander on the offside issue, the team will be self-defeating. Theoretically, this reform has confirmed to experts that if there is a loophole in the parallel import station and a sweeper still has no breakthrough, it means that there is still a situation that needs to be saved, and the role of sweeper is such a savior. Therefore, at that time, Italy insisted on improving the proficiency of this method. Although it doesn't get much evaluation, it can be vaguely seen that this is a development trend of football. In the 1980s and 1990s, it was not surprising that Italy produced such stars as Silvia, baresi and Nesta.