During the British occupation of Ahava, foreign churches played an important role. As early as 1898, when Britain decided to lease and occupy Ahava, the Church of England actively supported it. After 1898, the foreign churches, which suffered heavy losses in Weihai people's struggle against foreign religions, made a comeback and expanded rapidly.
After 1898, foreign churches, with the support of the colonial government, built churches one after another, forming a church area centered on Weihai Whale Park, and extended their influence to Wendeng, Rongcheng and Muping. Christian churches have successively built four churches and missionary offices in Shangbu District, Guanli Village and Yantan Village of Liu Gongdao, and established a church publishing house, which publishes the Gospel Yearbook every year, prints printed materials of colonial government, and distributes sermon leaflets and other religious reading materials to local residents. The Catholic Church has built 65,438+07 Catholic churches, chapels and Notre Dame Cathedral both inside and outside the leased land, and attached midwifery hospitals, Franciscan hospitals, nursing homes, nurseries, embroidery factories and gardening gardens. In order to train local missionaries and intellectuals who served colonial rule, the church also opened six schools with the support of the colonial government. In missionary schools, missionaries actively instill religious ideas and western values into students, and generally require students to believe in religion. At the same time, foreign missionaries also moved around, preaching and teaching, developing believers and spreading religious rules to every corner of social life. At its peak, Weihai had more than 4,000 followers. When the wave of anti-Westernization in China is rising, China believers in Weihai even jointly wrote to the colonial government, demanding that China Temple be converted into a church, which shows its far-reaching influence.
(6) Public utilities
When Britain rented schools in Weihai, education was mainly run by China people and churches. Among them, schools run by Weihai people accounted for more than 70% of the total number of schools in this period. Records show that among the 2,656 students studying in Weihai from 65,438 to 0930, there are 2,033 students from educational institutions in China, accounting for more than 77%. Therefore, the Chinese schools founded by Weihai people provided the most educational opportunities for Weihai people in this period. The only school invested by the colonial government was Ren Huang Primary School. The earliest school in China was the Shude Girls' School founded by the Tianzu Club, an anti-foot-binding movement organization in Weihai, on 1909. The school initially recruited 20 women to teach Chinese, sewing and home economics. Since then, 65,438+05 schools have been built in Liu Gongdao and leased land. Rural students mainly rely on private schools to attend school. By 1905, there were 287 private schools with 3276 students. In order to eliminate adult illiteracy, enlightened gentry and businessmen in Weihai formed a mass education association in 1923, and opened night schools for the poor, which grew from 1924 to 26. Weihai Middle School is the most prominent school founded by Weihai people. 1926 Sun Qichang and Qi Daochun, who graduated from Nankai Senior High School, raised funds to establish Qidong Middle School, the first middle school in Weihai, in order to improve the education level in Weihai. Later, with the support of the Chamber of Commerce, it invested 65,438+05 in August of 65,438+0929, and 980 yuan was expanded into Weihai Middle School. The teachers in this school are mainly college graduates, with novel teaching contents and advanced methods. Facilities are also relatively complete, which became an important base for Weihai to spread scientific and cultural knowledge and progressive ideas at that time. During this period, although Chinese schools were the main body of education in Weihai, their investment mainly depended on private donations. The colonial government did not include education funds in its budget until 1928. The expenditure in that year was 3,000 yuan, reaching 1 1000 yuan in the second year, mainly invested in missionary schools. However, in order to control the schools in China, the colonial government also subsidized them with a small amount of funds. The serious shortage of funds for running schools has greatly hindered the development of education in Weihai. 192 1, the literacy rate in the whole region is only 9%, while only 227 women can read, accounting for about 14/10000. Even at 1930, the literacy rate in the whole region is only 10%.
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Yabaizi
After the British occupied Ahava, with the increase of foreigners coming to Victoria, some sports originated from foreign countries gradually emerged, which led to the development of other sports. By the beginning of the 20th century, sports activities such as football, tennis and golf became popular in Weihai. Football is very popular. The colonial authorities successively set up four football fields in Liu Gongdao, and in 19 10, they set up 1 football fields on the playground outside the east gate. Missionary schools, such as Anli Gan Tang School, Ren Huang Primary School and Weihai Middle School, all have football teams, and often hold competitions with English sailors and foreigners. At that time, Weihai football team was already famous in Yantai, Qingdao and Jinan. Golf, which is rare in China, is also very popular in Weihai. There are four golf courses in the whole area. 190 1 year, the colonial government established a special stadium covering an area of 2 16 100 square meters in Liu Gongdao. 19 14 planted a lawn and set up a golf course on the playground outside the east gate. The golf course covers an area of hundreds of acres, equipped with lounge and other supporting facilities, and is managed by a golf club organized by the British. The other two are located in western and southern towns. There are more places for tennis activities. There are six tennis courts in Liu Gongdao alone. Almost all British offices and houses have tennis courts for foreigners and sometimes for young students. There are also many sports competitions. Schools and villages hold sports meetings once or twice a year. On June 9th, 1929, the first regional games was held again. Mass sports activities are mainly martial arts, swimming, mountaineering and chess, and they are also active. In order to popularize sports activities, from 65438 to 0907, Zhang Fulai, Li Huahua and others also specially organized sports meetings, opened a sports playground and organized gymnastics in the western section of the former Chinese Army training ground in Beidaying.
At that time, there were only theaters, teahouses and theaters in traditional culture. 19 18 Le Tong Theater built by Ruan Changsheng in the south of Dihua Street (now Yan 'an Street) (it was changed to a popular theater after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and was demolished in 1982), which is the earliest new commercial theater in Weihai. 192 1 year later, two silent cinemas appeared in weihai. Folk literary and artistic activities are mainly drama and juggling. Drama performances were mostly performed in outdoor theaters or theaters, and there were theaters or theaters in temples at that time. Juggling events mainly include playing lions, walking on stilts, yangko dancing, roller boating, dragon dancing and donkey running. Most of them are performed during festivals or temple fairs. During the Spring Festival, larger villages will organize "scenery fairs" and perform in temples, ancestral temples and urban areas in turn every day. In order to suppress public opinion, the colonial government severely restricted the press. The first newspaper was founded by 1923 in Weihai, but it was not long before it was closed down by the authorities. 1927 12 sun Hanchuan and others founded weihai afternoon newspaper, and the colonial government was bound by the fact that it was not allowed to publish articles attacking colonial rule 1930, the British rule in Weihai was coming to an end, and the control over cultural undertakings was relaxed. In the year of 65438+ 10, Xu Zhenjiang founded Weihai Daily. The newspaper has played an active role in propagating nationalism and criticizing the words and deeds of evil gentry in betraying the country. At that time, Weihai merchants also set up four bookstores, dealing in various books and periodicals published by Commercial Press, Zhonghua Bookstore and World Bookstore. The early book industry also began to appear. According to Oriental Magazine, September 25th, No.91907; In Ahava, Shen Mou of Songjiang, Zhu Mou of Jiangning and Liu Mou of Dengzhou set up a newspaper reading office, named "Weihai Newspaper Reading Office", taking Tianhou Palace as a social place, and held a meeting every Sunday to give a speech.
The medical and health colonial government has set up four hospitals in Weihai. Among them, the naval hospital with the most complete facilities and medical staff is located in Liu Gongdao, but it only serves British troops and foreigners and refuses China people. 1902, the authorities established two hospitals in the docklands and Liu Gongdao. 1926, another hospital was established in Wenquantang. All three hospitals are open to Chinese, with a total of 72 beds, and the per capita bed utilization rate in the whole region is about four ten thousandths. Among them, the dock area is called "British People's Hospital" with advanced equipment, which can accommodate 50 to 60 patients. The other two are smaller branches with relatively backward equipment. There are few public health centers except hospitals. But public consultation is held every two weeks. In view of the epidemic diseases in this area, the medical director leads people to visit various places every week. Every year, I have to go to the rural maternal home to deliver my baby. In spring, the medical director will also go to various places to get smallpox vaccine. In order to prevent infectious diseases, the medical director regularly inspects public buildings and builds public toilets in public places. In addition, some health brochures have been made and distributed to schools or rural areas. In hospitals built by colonial authorities, China people are different from foreign patients. For example, the British People's Hospital has well-equipped wards in the UK, while the wards in China are quite crude. There are only three or four heatable adobe sleeping platforms in the general ward. Patients should bring all their own utensils when they are in hospital, and boil kang indoors. Due to the lack of medical staff and uneven quality, misdiagnosis often occurs. Therefore, the hospital it set up nominally treats Chinese and foreign patients equally, but in fact it mainly serves the British and foreigners in Weihai.