Neanderthals were the earliest living groups in ancient China, and they had learned to make artificial fires.

About four or five thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor and Yan Di were famous tribal leaders in the Yellow River valley in ancient legends of China. They later formed an alliance, and after long-term development, they formed the future Chinese nation. Later generations revered the Yellow Emperor as "the ancestor of mankind". Today, overseas Chinese often proudly call themselves "descendants of the Yellow Emperor".

Around 2070 BC, Yu established the Xia Dynasty, which was the first dynasty in the history of China. From then on, China entered slave society from primitive society.

After Yu's death, Qi succeeded to the throne and became the second generation king of Xia Dynasty. Since then, the hereditary system has replaced the abdication system, and the "public world" has become the "home world". According to legend, Yu Jian's capital is in Yangcheng.

About 65438 BC+0600 BC, the Shang Dynasty was established in the Tang Dynasty, and Pan Geng, the king of the Shang Dynasty, moved to Yin, and later called the Shang Dynasty Yin.

BC 1046, Zhou Jun defeated the Shang army in Konoha, and the Shang Dynasty perished. King Wu established the Zhou Dynasty with pickaxe as its capital, which was called the Western Zhou Dynasty in history.

In order to consolidate the rule, the Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the enfeoffment system, and then gradually formed a strict hierarchical system.

The famous bronzes in Shang Dynasty are Simu Wuding and Siyang Fangzun.

10 During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the "Sanxingdui" culture, which prevailed in Chengdu Plain in southwest China, was a unique bronze culture.

In 770 BC, it moved eastward to Romania, known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

12 The famous monarchs in the Spring and Autumn Period were Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong and Chu Zhuangwang. Through the battle of Chengpu, Jin Wengong became the overlord of the Central Plains.

13 Seven, Chu, Qin, Yan, Zhao, Wei and Han in the Warring States Period.

In 260 BC, Qin and Zhao fought an unprecedented fierce battle of Changping, and Zhao was defeated, so the six eastern countries could no longer resist Qin Jun's attack.

15 During the Spring and Autumn Period, iron farm tools began to appear in China.

16 Dujiangyan was built by Li Bing, the prefect of Shu County, Qin State, in the middle reaches of Minjiang River. It is a world-famous flood control and irrigation project.

17 After Shang Yang's political reform, Qin became the most prosperous feudal country at the end of the Warring States Period.

18 The characters carved by Shang merchants on tortoise shells or animal bones are called "Oracle Bone Inscriptions", and the history of China's characters began in Shang Dynasty.

19 According to legend, there was a calendar in the Xia Dynasty, and today's lunar calendar is also called the "summer calendar".

Bian Que, a famous doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, summed up the four diagnostic methods of looking, smelling, asking and cutting that have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.

2 1 At the end of the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan, a Chu poet, wrote Li Sao, which was recognized as a world cultural celebrity by the World Peace Council.

The earliest military book in the world is The Art of War written by Sun Wu.

In 22 1 year BC, Ying Zheng, king of Qin, destroyed six countries one after another, and established the first unified and centralized feudal country in the history of China, with Xianyang as its capital. The central government of the Qin Dynasty had a prime minister, A Qiu, and an ancient adviser, who were in charge of administration, military affairs and supervision. The county system is implemented locally.

The Qin Dynasty has a vast territory, stretching to the East China Sea in the east, Longxi in the west, the Great Wall in the north and the South China Sea in the south.

In 209 BC, the peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu was the first large-scale peasant uprising in the history of China.

In 202 BC, Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty with Chang 'an as its capital, known as the Western Han Dynasty in history.

At the beginning of Han Dynasty, the rulers practiced the policy of recuperation. By the end of Emperor Jingdi, the granary of the country was full, and the copper coins in the treasury were inexhaustible. Historically, the rule of this period was called "the rule of culture and scenery".

In 1 19 BC, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing defeated the Huns in the northern desert, and the Huns were unable to fight against the Western Han Dynasty.

Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions twice by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the contacts between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions became more and more frequent.

In 30 BC and 60 BC, the Western Han government set up the Western Regions Duhu to take charge of the affairs of the Western Regions. Since then, Xinjiang has become an inseparable part of our country.

3 1 Cai Lun improved papermaking in the Eastern Han Dynasty and made great contributions to world culture.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Heng made a seismograph, which is recognized as the earliest seismic instrument in the world.

The most famous doctors in Han Dynasty were Hua Tuo and Zhang Zhongjing. The former was made into Ma Fei San, an anesthetic, and Wu Qin Xi, a medical gymnastics, was compiled. The latter was written as Treatise on Febrile Diseases, and later generations honored him as a "medical sage".

Taoism is a native religion in China. One of its founders was Zhang Ling.

Historical Records written by Sima Qian, a historian of the Western Han Dynasty, describes the historical facts from the Yellow Emperor to the Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty, and is the first biographical general history in China.

In 220, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, with the title of Wei and Luoyang as its capital. 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han, which was called Shu in history. In 222, Sun Quan became king, with the title of Wu, and later established Jianye as its capital. Formed a tripartite confrontation between the three countries.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the Wu fleet arrived in Yizhou, which strengthened the connection between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province.

In 38.266 AD, Sima Yan established the Jin Dynasty, with Luoyang as its capital, which was called "Western Jin Dynasty" in history. In 280, the army of the Western Jin Dynasty wiped out the State of Wu, ending the situation of division.

At the end of the 39th century and the beginning of the 4th century, the Miao people established the pre-Qin regime.

Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties was a famous mathematician and astronomer in ancient China.

The Book of Qi Yao Min, written by Jia Sixie in the Northern Dynasties in April1year, is the first complete agricultural work in China.

Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Lanting Pavilion in the Eastern Jin Dynasty is regarded as the best running script in the world, and later generations call it "the sage of books".

Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty created many paintings in his life, including A History of Women and A Picture of Luoshen.

Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi Province and Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan Province excavated in the Northern Dynasties are famous grottoes.

The Qin Dynasty was founded in 22 1 year BC and died in 207 BC, lasting 14 years. The Western Han Dynasty was founded in 202 BC and died in 9 AD, lasting 2 10 years. The Eastern Han Dynasty was founded in 25 AD and died in 220 AD, lasting 195 years.

46 56 is 65438+1950s; 125 is1920s; 13 1 1 year is the beginning of14th century; 1994 was in the 1990s, that is, at the end of the 20th century.

According to archaeological data, Wuxi has a history of more than 6000 years.

The founder of the State of Wu is Taibo, whose birthplace is Wuxi Meili.

49 Wuxi place names were first seen in Sima Qian's Historical Records.

In Tang Dynasty, Cheng Jing, the magistrate of Wuxi County, dug Huishan Huishan, and Lu Yu named it the second spring in the world in Tea Classic.

5 1 Wuxi Donglin academy's famous couplet is the sound of reading in the wind and rain, which can be heard; Family affairs, state affairs and world affairs are all concerned.

Second, the connection and collocation

The gap between the rich and the poor in Hemudu site in Xi, Shaanxi Province is particularly obvious.

Banpo Site: Longmen Residence in Tai 'an, Shandong Province

Polishing stone tools are widely used in Dawenkou site in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province.

Fourth, fill in the form.

The representative works of the main ideas of the school representatives.

Confucius' kindness to The Analects of Confucius

Taoist Laozi ruled by inaction and let nature take its course.

Mohist Mozi's "Universal Love", "Non-aggression" and "Mozi"

Legalist Han Fei advocated the rule of law.

Military strategist Sun Wu's "The Art of War" "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will win every battle."

Verb (abbreviation for verb) enumerates problems.

1, a famous battle in history (more than three times)

A: The Battle of Guandu in 200; Battle of Red Cliffs, 2008; In 383, the battle of Surabaya.

2. Wuxi native products (8): A: Wuxi peaches, clear water gluten, bayberry, Mashan taro, Taihu white fish, Huishan broad beans, Jingang navel and Xuelang tribute tea.

1, "can't cut; Kill Qin. "

Please answer:

① What are the concrete manifestations of Qin's "no way" described in the materials?

A: Corvee is heavy, taxes are heavy, and criminal law is cruel.

(2) Who are the people who have successively revolted to "cut the road and kill Qin"?

Chen Sheng, Guangwu, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang.

③ What was the result?

A: The Qin Dynasty was overthrown by the peasant uprising army led by Liu Bang.

2. "Border towns are closed, cattle and horses are wild, the third world is dead (no dogs bark), and there is no war in Li Shu."

Please answer:

(1) After which event in history did this happen? A: Zhao Jun left the fortress.

(2) which emperor period did this happen? A: Emperor Han Yuan

What is the trend of ethnic relations in China?

A: China is dominated by ethnic friendly exchanges, and ethnic integration is the mainstream.

Politics: political review questions

1. Multiple choice questions: (2 points for each small question, 40 points in total)

1, "Flowers grow on trees and die when they leave the branches; Birds are happy in the forest, but when they leave the group, they are sad. " This shows that integration into public life:

This is the need for our healthy and happy growth. B, don't overestimate others and underestimate yourself.

C, just get along with familiar friends. D, you can underestimate others and be blindly optimistic.

2, civilized communication between people not only need to pay attention to etiquette, also need to have a certain:

A. communication skills. B, communication routines.

C. the purpose of communication. D, the premise of communication.

3. The main ways of civilized communication with others are:

First, speech etiquette and behavior etiquette. B, dress ceremony.

C. business etiquette. D. Campus etiquette.

4, the lubricant of sincere communication between people is:

First, understanding and sympathy. Trust and loyalty.

C. respect and tolerance. D, believe and understand.

5. The prerequisite for each of us to succeed is:

First, treat people equally. B. Always criticize yourself.

C. accept yourself. D. don't overestimate others.

6, a person to win the respect of others is the premise:

A, always show your strengths. B. Evaluate yourself correctly.

C, build self-esteem. D, to correctly evaluate others.

7. "Sowing behavior, harvesting habits; Sowing habits, harvesting character; Sow character and harvest life. " This sentence shows that the key to a better life is:

A. cultivate good habits from an early age. B, learn self-control.

C, change personality, and then change habits. D, learn to restrain yourself.

8, to improve the ability to choose, we must first improve:

A, the ability to distinguish right from wrong. B, the ability to observe problems.

C. expression ability. C. ability to solve problems.

9, in the face of choice opportunities, our correct approach is:

A, rely on the guidance of others to choose. B, wait a minute, refuse to listen to other people's opinions.

C, seize the opportunity and choose independently. D, let parents make decisions for us.

10, Li Neng's English performance has been very poor. On one exam, he made a little progress and the teacher praised him in time. His confidence doubled, he studied harder and made rapid progress. This fact shows that:

A, self-confidence can only be obtained after success. B, self-confidence is innate.

C. Successful experience is the foundation of self-confidence. D, self-esteem is self-confidence.

1 1, Shakespeare said that "if you are true to yourself, you won't cheat others", so a man should:

A, the truth does not deceive B, the appearance is the same.

C. keep your promise. D, don't cheat others.

12. To be an honest person, you need:

First, there is a lot of money. B. Have a sincere heart.

C, have the trust of others. D, associate with people.

13, civil violations and administrative violations are relatively minor, and the harm to society is relatively small. They didn't violate the criminal law, they just violated laws and regulations outside the criminal law, so they are called:

1. Criminal violations. B, criminal behavior.

C. general violations. D, civil administrative violations.

Liu, aged 14 and 18 respectively, robbed and injured the driver while he was taking a taxi. Liu's behavior is:

First, administrative violations. B. civil tort.

C. criminal behavior. D. general violations.

15. In order to protect the state, public interests, personal and property rights of oneself or others from ongoing illegal infringement, it is justifiable defense to stop illegal infringement and cause damage to the illegal infringer. According to the law of China, justifiable defense:

1. No criminal responsibility. B, to bear criminal responsibility.

C, only bear civil liability. D, only bear administrative responsibility.

16. According to Chinese laws, it does not belong to:

1. Self-defense should bear criminal responsibility. B, excessive defense, but criminal responsibility.

C, excessive defense, not criminal responsibility. D, excessive defense, as long as civil liability.

17, "stealing needles when young, stealing gold when old." This proverb means that a person's criminal path is not determined by nature, but often comes from daily life:

A. bad habits. B, a little thing.

C, occasionally read a "yellow" book. D. make mistakes occasionally.

18, the main places for our young students to communicate with each other are:

First, the family. B, school.

C. society. D. parks

19, "If you can't do the sun, you can do the stars to glow and heat; If you can't be a big tree, you can be a grass embellished with green. " This is:

A, the performance of self-abandonment. Underestimate your performance.

C, self-esteem and self-confidence. D, I don't know how to improve.

20. If you don't pay your debts and pack up your relics for yourself, this behavior belongs to:

1. Criminal violations. B. administrative violations.

C. civil tort. D, crime.

2. Short answer questions (8 points for each small question, 24 points in total)

III. True or false (16)

24. "Take a bite of medicine and fall into the jaws of death. For a while, it will ruin the happiness of a lifetime. " Is this statement correct? Tell me your reasons. What should we teenagers do?

Four, material analysis questions (20 points)

25. Material 1: Liang Yumin, deputy director of the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, said at the press conference of the Ministry of Education on February 25 that we have always insisted on seriously dealing with the problem of cheating in exams, especially the problem of taking exams by gunmen, cheating in exams by using high-tech means and organized cheating, and strengthening the management of exams and the construction of exam integrity.

Material 2: Hunan Road Commercial Street combines the legal governance of the industry with the activity of creating a "100-city fake-free shop", initially forming the brand benefit of Hunan Road commercial integrity. From 1997, the sales of commodities in the whole street exceeded 3 billion for five consecutive years, and reached 3.8 billion in 200 1 year.

Read the above materials and answer the following questions:

How do you think we should understand honesty?

What do you think is the value of honesty?

How do you think you should be an honest person?

Are you honest in the exam? Tell me how you did it.

The first political reference answer.

1、A 2、A 3、A 4、C 5、C 6、C 7、A 8、A 9、C 10、C 16、B 12、B 13、C 14、C 15、A 16、C 17、A 17

Feel three points. I feel valuable and needed. I am very happy and proud.

(As long as you answer the relevant meaning, you can get full marks. )

22. Be polite. 2 minutes per hour.

23, the question and answer is reasonable. For example, the measures taken in the fourth question: prohibiting gambling; Strengthen the crackdown; Carry out various community activities.

24. This statement is correct (2 points). The cost of taking drugs is very expensive. Once you get addicted to drugs, you will lose everything. (4 points) Sooner or later, many people will take risks and take illegal means to obtain drug money. (4 points) Some people steal, rob or even kill people (2 points). We teenagers should stay away from drugs and cherish life. (4 points)

25. (1) Honesty mainly refers to being true and not cheating, being what you seem, and keeping your promise. (3 points) Honesty means being loyal to the facts, not deceiving others, not covering up or exaggerating the facts, and always being honest with others. Honesty means not deceiving yourself, being true to yourself, being consistent in words and deeds and appearance. Honesty should not be broken to others. (3 points)

(2) Honesty can promote the smooth progress of economic activities. (2 points) Integrity is the foundation of being a person and can harmonize interpersonal relationships. (2 points) Integrity can create conditions for personal development. (2 points)

1. At present, the world population has reached: (d)

A, more than 3 billion B, more than 4 billion C, more than 5 billion D, more than 6 billion.

2, the current world population growth trend is: (b)

A, slower and slower B, faster and faster C, basically flat D, stable and unchanged

3. The following description of natural growth rate is correct: (a)

A, birth rate-death rate b, number of births-total population

C, mortality-birth rate D, net population-total population

4. The following data show the birth rate and death rate respectively. The group with the highest natural growth rate is: (b)

a、 1.7% B、2.5%、 1.5% C、 1.5%、 1.7% D、 1.0%、0.8%

5. The following are not brought about by the rapid population growth: (d)

A, housing congestion B, environmental pollution C, traffic congestion D, insufficient troops

6. The possible effects of slow population growth are: (d)

A. Employment difficulties B. Land area reduction C. Accelerated socio-economic development D. Population aging

7. According to the characteristics of population distribution, we can know that the most densely populated of the following four terrain areas is: (d)

A, Amazon Plain B, Sahara Desert C, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau D, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain

8. The following are the basic national policies to control the excessive population growth in China: (d)

A, encourage birth b, limit birth c, free birth d, family planning.

9. Yellow people are mainly distributed in: (a)

A, East Asia B, North Africa C, Western Europe D, North America

10, due to inter-ethnic marriage: (c)

A, Inuit b, Indian c, mixed-race d, Arab

1 1. Black people are native to the tropical environment of Africa, but there are also a certain number in America. The reasons are: (d)

A, geographical environment b, religious belief c, social economy d, historical reasons

12, according to which of the following characteristics is the world race divided: (b)

A, skin color, eye contact characteristics B, hair and head shape characteristics

C, face, head characteristics d, human physique characteristics

13, how many working languages are commonly used in the United Nations: (d)

A, 2 kinds of B, 4 kinds of C, 5 kinds of D, 6 kinds.

14. At present, the languages with the largest number of users in the world are: (a)

A, Chinese b, English c, French d, Spanish

15. At present, the most widely used language in the world is: (b)

A, Chinese b, English c, French d, Spanish

16, the most popular language in Latin America is: (d)

A, Portuguese b, English c, French d, Spanish

17, the largest number of Christians in Asia is: (c)

A, Christianity B, Islam C, Buddhism D, Judaism

18, what we usually call Muslims is: (b)

A, Christianity B, Islam C, Buddhism D, Judaism

19, the Middle East has always been full of wars and disputes. The main languages and religions in this area are: (c)

A, Arabic, Christianity b, Portuguese, Buddhism

C, Arabic, Islam d, Portuguese, Christianity

20, human society in the development process of concentrated living formed: (d)

A, country B, city C, family D, settlement

2 1, the essential difference between rural and urban areas is: (d)

A, the population is different. B, different architectural forms

C, different types of industries D, different levels of education

22. The proportion of urban population to the total population reflects a country and region to a certain extent: (a)

I. Level of socio-economic development

B, the speed of population growth

C, the floating quality of permanent residents d, the number of people engaged in industrial and mining enterprises.

23, the following does not belong to the ancient cultural heritage is: (d)

A, Taibai Tomb B, Qin Shihuang Mausoleum C, Bawang Ancestral Hall D, Daqingshan

24. The following acts are conducive to the protection of ancient cultural relics: (d)

A, describe the message B, climb the historic site C, bury it underground D, and prevent industrial pollution

25, in the process of urban development, often appear a series of urban problems, these problems do not include: (c)

A, serious environmental pollution B, crowded living C, serious land desertification D, difficult employment.

Second, comprehensive questions

26. Read the world population growth map, analyze and answer the following questions: (See figure 3- 1 on page P39 of the textbook)

(1) From 1650 to 1999, the general trend of world population development is.

(2) By analyzing the data in the figure, we can find that with the passage of time, it takes more and more time to increase the population by one billion, which shows that the population growth rate of the whole world is increasing.

(3) Population growth is closely related to the level of economic development, so the population growth in developing countries is faster than that in developed countries.

Population growth is caused by.

27. Read the pattern of world population distribution and answer: (see textbook P4 1 page Figure 3-2)

(1) is usually described by population density, and its unit is:

(2) The distribution of population is usually closely related to it. Under the influence of the above conditions, the world population is mainly distributed in latitude.

(3) The densely populated areas in the world are:,,,.

China has a land area of 9.6 million square kilometers and a population of 65.438+26.7 million. Do you know what the population density is? .

28. Read the world ethnic distribution map: (see figure 3-8 on page P46 of the textbook)

(1), look at the picture first.

(2) It is not difficult to see from the picture that whites are mainly distributed in:, North Africa, the ocean, North America and South America;

Yellow people are mainly distributed in North America and northern South America.

(3) Can you briefly describe the body surface characteristics of the three major races in the world?

Caucasians:

Black:.

29. Read the map of world religions and think about the following questions: (See figure 3- 12 on page P49 of the textbook)

(1) The three major religions in the world are Christianity, Islam and Buddhism.

2. As can be seen from the picture, what religions are mainly distributed in East Asia? .

Can you write the names of several religious buildings you know? .

Do you know which peninsula Hinduism is mainly distributed in? .

5. In the modern history of China, many western missionaries came to China to preach. Religion is a cultural phenomenon.

It is through this power that it spreads and develops all over the world. You know these missionaries preach.

What is religion? .

30. Read the map of urban formation, change and development, and think about the following questions: (See the right picture on page P52 of the textbook)

(1), the pattern reflects the formation process;

(2) Observe and analyze the pictures and tell the following changes:

(1) The total population of the settlement is unchanged; (2) The settlement scale remains unchanged; (3) The buildings in the settlement are constantly developing and changing to high altitude; ④ There will be more and more traffic in residential areas; (3) The common settlement form is harmony;

(4) The formation of cities is greatly influenced by natural conditions. According to your understanding of city formation, please tell me which of the following places are easy to form a city:

A, a, close to rivers, b, foothills, c, close to highways and railways,

D, Alpine Canyon, E, Deep Rainforest, F, Beautiful Snow and Ice.

Antarctic continent, G, low latitude coastal plain.

I. Multiple choice questions

The statement in column 1. is correct: (d)

A the weather phenomenon is stable, and b the climate is changeable now.

C storm is a climatic phenomenon, and D four seasons like spring is a climatic phenomenon.

3. The largest continent in the cold region of the world is: (a)

A Antarctica B Asia C Africa D South America

4. The following precipitation types are mainly convective rain (C)

A plateau region b equatorial region c coastal region d polar region

5. The geographical image usually used to represent the seasonal variation of precipitation in a place within one year is (b)

A precipitation curve B precipitation histogram C precipitation sector D precipitation point diagram

6. When the earth revolves around the sun, the fixed inclination angle formed by the earth axis and the orbital plane is: (c)

23.5 B.32.5 C.66.5 D.57.5

7. The areas showing obvious seasonal changes are: (c)

A alpine region b high latitude region c middle latitude region d low latitude region

8. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the lowest temperature area in China in summer for the following reasons: (d)

A land and sea factor b latitude factor c human factor d terrain factor

9. The best time for people to visit the Antarctic region is: (d)

About A3, B6, C9, d 65438+ February.

10. the climate type of the west coast of the northern and southern latitudes is: (c)

A Mediterranean climate B temperate monsoon climate C temperate maritime climate D sub-frigid coniferous forest climate

1 1. The most widely distributed continent in tropical rain forest area is: (c)

A Asia b Africa c South America d North America

12. The following cities belong to the climate type with no heat in summer, no severe cold in winter and even precipitation in one year: (c)

Rome, Moscow, London, Singapore

13. The following climate types do not match their distribution areas correctly: (a)

Savanna climate-the north and south sides of savanna climate

B. Coniferous forest climate in sub-frigid zone-a vast area with 50 ~ 70 latitude from north to south.

Tropical desert climate The Tropic of Cancer runs through the western part of the continent.

D the west coast of the continent has a temperate maritime climate of 40 ~ 60 north latitude.

14. The climate types with the widest distribution and uneven precipitation distribution in Africa (more than half a year and less than half a year) are: (c)

A tropical rain forest climate b tropical monsoon climate

C tropical grassland climate d tropical desert climate

15. The following economic sectors are most obviously affected by climate: (b)

A industry b agriculture c telecom d business

Second, fill in the blanks

1. Weather refers to the atmosphere near the surface of a place in a short time; Climate refers to the weather in a place for many years.

2. Temperature and precipitation have the greatest influence on life and production, and they are the most concerned climatic factors.

The coldest continent in the world is Antarctica, and the hottest continent is Africa.

4. Scientists divide precipitation into three main types according to the reasons and forms of air rising in the process of precipitation formation. They are convective rain, topographic precipitation and frontal rain.

5. The main factors affecting the intensity and change of solar radiation are: the rotation of the earth, the movement of the earth and the change of land and sea.

And the height of the ground.

Among the five zones of the earth, there is direct sunlight in the tropics and Xi 'an is located in the north temperate zone.

7. Generally speaking, the temperature drops by about 0.6 degrees Celsius every time the altitude rises 100 meters.

8. Human activities have a great influence on the climate. For example, the gas emitted in production and life will raise the global temperature; The emission of chlorofluorocarbons will destroy the high altitude, lead to the enhancement of solar ultraviolet radiation, and thus endanger human health.

9. The climate of coniferous forests in the sub-frigid zone is dominated by cold-resistant coniferous forests, with the largest areas in China and Japan.

10. The tropics include four climate types. They are rainforest climate, savanna climate, climate and climate.

1 1. The dividing line between north temperate zone and tropical zone is, and that between south temperate zone and south frigid zone is.

12. Most of the afternoon rainfall in summer in China belongs to rain.

To be an honest person, we must treat people sincerely and pay attention to justice. (2 points) To be an honest person, we must attach importance to cooperation and be friendly to others. (2 points) To be an honest person, we should start from the small things around us. We should also be honest in small things. (2 points)

4 emphasize honesty and don't cheat. (Just give a reasonable answer) (2 points)