On the New Normal of Vocational Education: 1
Abstract: Vocational education is an important cornerstone for China's economy to enter a new normal. The new normal of economic and social development requires vocational education to become the new normal. China's vocational education entered a new normal marked by the national vocational education work conference held in June 20 14. Vocational education under the new normal presents two new features, which contain two new impetus and give birth to two new situations. Vocational education under the new normal still faces many new situations, new problems and new challenges, and four problems need to be solved seriously.
[Keywords:] vocational education; New normal; Meaning; Signs; work
20 14 for the first time since may? New normal? To describe China's current economy? New normal? This word has become a high-frequency hot word that the news media and all walks of life pay attention to and study. In particular, the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of that year systematically expounded the new normal of China's economic development, and proposed to understand, adapt to and lead the new normal. While the national economic development has entered the new normal, vocational education must adapt, serve and promote economic and social development, and it will inevitably enter the new normal.
First, the significance of vocational education entering the new normal
What is this? The new normal literally means, new? Is it? Is there a state and nature different from the old one? ; ? Normal? It is an ordinary, normal state, that is, a state that often happens. For vocational education, the new normal is to highlight new features, contain new impetus and create a new situation.
Vocational education under the new normal presents two new features. First, the development of vocational education has changed from pursuing quantitative growth to paying more attention to quality improvement, from focusing on scale expansion to emphasizing connotation construction, and from faster and bigger in the past to better and stronger in the future. Secondly, innovation and development have become the main theme of the development of vocational education. In the face of new situations and problems, only reformers advance, only innovators are strong, and only those who reform and innovate win. When vocational education enters the new normal, it is necessary to further innovate the concept, development strategy, development model and institutional mechanism of vocational education; It is necessary to continuously deepen the reform, adjust and optimize the professional structure in a timely manner, and realize the professional upgrading and the deep integration of production and education; It is necessary to give full play to the advantages of vocational colleges, actively serve the transformation and development of the industry, and actively provide talents and technical support for enterprises and society.
Vocational education under the new normal contains two new motivations.
First of all, China has become the second largest economy in the world, and is in a new stage of moving from an economic power to an economic power. With the new normal of China's economy, the adjustment of economic growth rate and the change of development mode, promoting the society to improve the proportion of technical education in talent training requires paying more attention to the cultivation of middle and high-end skilled talents, and requiring vocational education to shift its resource allocation and work center to connotation construction in the future, so as to deepen the teaching reform of vocational education and strive to improve the quality of skilled talents training.
Secondly, a new round of global scientific and technological revolution, industrial revolution and energy revolution is ready to go. The educational revolution brought about by information technology has a profound impact on vocational education. With the increasing popularity of informatization, platformization and online vocational education, it will certainly promote the extension of vocational education from pre-employment to post-employment, and from professional post demand to life demand, thus forming a whole-process and diversified vocational education.
Vocational education under the new normal has given birth to two new situations. With the development of China's economy and society, the demand structure of vocational and technical talents has undergone profound changes. Therefore, the country is trying to open up the rising channel from secondary vocational schools to graduate students, implement the action plan of talent training in secondary and higher vocational education, promote the transformation and development of a number of ordinary undergraduate universities to applied technology universities, build a scientific and reasonable vocational education system, and create a new vocational education system. Everyone can become a talent, and everyone can show their talents? Vivid situation, this is one of them. Second, practice has proved that the market and society determine the development direction of vocational education, and social capital is the source of vocational education development.
This requires relevant units and departments to conscientiously implement national policies, further open the door to running schools by social forces, actively promote social forces to set up vocational education at all levels, and form a diversified school-running pattern. At the same time, vocational education will be more open, and the breadth and depth of Sino-foreign cooperation will continue to expand and deepen.
Second, the sign of vocational education entering the new normal
20 14 On June 23-24, the National Conference on Vocational Education was held in Beijing. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, president and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission made important instructions on accelerating the development of vocational education. The Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and the State Council met with all the delegates and made speeches before the meeting. This is another national vocational education conference held in China after a lapse of nine years. The day before the congress, the Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Development of Modern Vocational Education was announced. On the closing day of the conference, the Ministry of Education and other six departments jointly issued the Plan for the Construction of Modern Vocational Education System (20 14-2020).
The conference and its related arrangements before and after it reflected the great importance attached by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to vocational education, and the new orientation, new judgment and new deployment of vocational education in the new period. The meeting adhered to the people-oriented principle, comprehensively expounded the new functions of modern vocational education, and answered a series of questions about the reform and development of vocational education, covering a wide range and with great strength. The convening of the conference means that the reform of vocational education has opened a new curtain, which indicates that the top-level design for promoting the reform and development of vocational education in the new era has been completed, and China's vocational education has entered a new era and a new normal.
Accelerating the development of modern vocational education in the new period embodies the requirements of the development of the times and the needs of the people. The meeting held that vocational education in the new era should not only prepare students for the coming career, but also let them live with self-esteem and purpose. Therefore, the reform and development of vocational education in the new era will benefit students first, and then the vocational education system itself. With what? Grasping vocational education means grasping economy, grasping vocational education means grasping development, grasping vocational education means grasping people's livelihood, and grasping vocational education means promoting employment? With the gradual strengthening of consciousness, vocational education will usher in a new golden period of development, which will play an important role in optimizing the development environment of vocational education and perfecting the modern vocational education system, and is of great significance to China's economic transformation and upgrading and long-term competitiveness improvement.
Third, the situation and tasks faced by vocational education entering the new normal
Pressure is accompanied by motivation, and opportunities are accompanied by challenges. Today, under the inertia of old habits, vocational education under the new normal will face many new situations and problems. Can we adapt to the new normal and make it mature gradually? In the future, we should focus on the following points:
(A) handle the relationship between development speed and quality improvement.
Vocational education, like other things, is the unity of quality and quantity, but the main aspects of this unity are different at different stages of development. In the past, the expansion of quantity was the main aspect of the development of vocational education; Nowadays, vocational education has entered a new normal, and the improvement of quality has become the main aspect.
Due to the late start of vocational education in China and the constraints and constraints of many conditions, today's vocational education still needs to pursue a certain speed and maintain an appropriate scale. Too slow speed and too small scale are not the inherent meaning of the new normal, but on the other hand, the environment and conditions for the development of vocational education have changed to varying degrees. High speed, which is not based on structural optimization and quality improvement, not only can not be maintained for a long time, but also will bring harm to its own development.
Under the new normal, we should have new development ideas, establish the consciousness that development without quality is a waste, and speed without efficiency is a retrogression, get rid of the thoughts of simply pursuing speed, ignoring quality, ignoring efficiency and disregarding cost, fully understand the mission of modern vocational education under the new normal, adhere to the connotative development path, and strive to serve higher-quality economic and social development with higher-quality vocational education.
(2) Implement the spirit of the 20 14 National Vocational Education Conference.
The meeting scientifically summed up the experience of vocational education reform and development in recent years, further clarified the principles, policies, objectives, tasks and major measures for accelerating the development of modern vocational education in the coming period, and made comprehensive arrangements for the reform and development of vocational education under the new normal. The spirit of the meeting focuses on implementation and action. What we have to do now is to deeply understand the spirit, compact our responsibilities, put vocational education in a more prominent position, and implement the tasks of vocational education reform and development with a determined and solid attitude.
(3) Solve the problem of what kind of people to train.
Vocational education shoulders the important function of cultivating high-quality workers and skilled talents in the front line of production and service, and it is the unshirkable responsibility and obligation of vocational education to vigorously cultivate a large number of new high-quality workers and skilled talents. At the same time, vocational education under the new normal should not only teach students professional knowledge and skills, but also adhere to moral cultivation and integrate socialist core values into all aspects of vocational education. Strengthen the education of ideals and beliefs, Chinese excellent traditional culture and professional ethics, accumulate students' professional quality, improve their comprehensive quality, attach more importance to students' moral integrity than a paper score, attach importance to students' humanistic quality than test scores, and attach importance to educating people than educating people. Education will no longer be based on. Integral? Guided by the one-sided pursuit of educational GDP, but based on? People? Philosophical thinking and questioning take it as their responsibility to cultivate qualified citizens with independent spirit, complete personality, noble morality, knowing how to take responsibility and being able to stand on their own feet.
(D) Building a scientific and reasonable modern vocational education system.
In the national education system, vocational education has the closest relationship with economy and society. In order to adapt to the new normal of economy, we must build a scientific and reasonable vocational education system.
First, innovate the training system of skilled personnel and build the growth of skilled personnel? Overpass? . By promoting the reform of the entrance examination system, we will establish a complete training chain for skilled talents from primary to high-end, and smooth the channels for all kinds of skilled talents to grow into talents.
The second is to improve the level of teachers and deepen the reform of teacher training. Adhere to the education of teachers' morality in a prominent position in the construction of teachers' team and constantly improve teachers' ideological and political quality and professional level. Establish a dynamic management mechanism for teachers, implement the training plan for famous teachers, and vigorously increase the proportion of double-qualified teachers.
Third, coordinate the development of all kinds of vocational education at all levels, so that all kinds of education can develop in a coordinated way. According to the needs of economic and social development, the enrollment scale of ordinary high schools and secondary vocational schools is roughly the same. Establish a two-way flow mechanism between general education and vocational and technical education, and vigorously promote the transformation and development of a number of ordinary undergraduate universities to applied technology universities. Actively build a lifelong education system, establish a public service platform for vocational education and training, implement community education development plans, and accelerate the open docking of vocational education and continuing education.
The fourth is to optimize the spatial layout of vocational education and scientifically arrange the allocation of resources. Adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, aim at building a brand, highlighting characteristics and improving quality and efficiency, and rationally arrange the regional layout and urban-rural layout of vocational colleges in accordance with the principles of administering education according to law, orderly development, easy first and difficult later, and overall promotion.
Around the national industrial development plan, combined with local reality, we will further integrate educational resources and strive to promote the healthy, coordinated and sustainable development of vocational education.
The second part of vocational education thesis is the analysis of vocational education informatization.
By comparing the traditional vocational teaching method with the modern information vocational teaching method, this paper comprehensively introduces the changes of vocational education after information. This paper puts forward a scheme of using multimedia in information classroom and practical teaching, and looks forward to the development direction of information vocational education and teaching in the future.
Keywords: informatization; Teaching reform of vocational education; Multimedia classroom; Multimedia practical teaching
With the outbreak of the third industrial revolution, computers and networks have gradually entered thousands of households, and vocational education has gradually entered a new stage of development. The combination of multimedia technology, network technology, virtual reality technology and classroom shows the teaching process that traditional teaching mode can't realize, and the well-known vocational education has undergone earth-shaking changes under the guidance of new technologies.
First, changes led by information technology.
In traditional teaching, teacher's telling, teacher's asking questions and students' answering, and group discussion are common teaching methods. Informational vocational education has introduced more teaching methods.
Situational teaching: no matter which subject, it is an eternal topic to improve students' interest in learning, so it is particularly important to guide them in the first few minutes of class. Informatization can create realistic learning situations for students, introduce big scenes to attract students' interest, restore the real operation process and help students acquire demonstration knowledge.
Heuristic teaching: using slides, audio and video to provide intuitive and vivid materials. Students' ability to understand these sensory information is far greater than that of abstract things such as numbers and words. Informatization enables teachers to guide difficulties and different viewpoints on the basis of discussion and communication with students, expand students' knowledge and cultivate students' ability of analysis and summary by providing online questions and reference materials. This heuristic teaching is helpful to improve students' ability to acquire knowledge and cultivate innovative talents.
Discovery teaching: In many practical training courses or courses integrating theory with practice, students often practice on specific equipment according to the teacher's demonstration. The process is simple and easily limited by the number of equipment. With the development of new technology, many multimedia teaching software have solved this problem well. Good human-computer interaction allows students to learn independently and find solutions to problems through the process of making mistakes, feedback and correction.
Second, information-based classroom teaching
Nowadays, with the increasing popularity of multimedia, most schools have equipped each classroom with information equipment, and classroom teaching is also transforming into information. However, most teachers in vocational schools still use simple ppt instead of blackboard writing or simply playing videos. How to use the advantages of information equipment to improve teaching quality is a problem that every vocational school teacher needs to study.
Ppt or flash courseware for teaching is one of the important forms of information classroom. Courseware can integrate text, audio and video, animation, small games, web pages and other multimedia elements, thus helping teachers and students to better understand the key points and overcome difficulties. Courseware is not a copy of book content, nor is it simply moved from the blackboard to the computer. Through proper selection of multimedia materials and proper arrangement of presentation forms, students' senses, interests and curiosity can be stimulated from time to time. Now, more and more teachers learn to carefully design courseware and arrange the learning process from the students' point of view, which fully highlights the students' dominant position.
The application of video is the direct embodiment of information classroom. Many scenes that students can't experience in person can be displayed through videos, so many teachers like to use videos to create learning situations. There are also some practical teachers who play the actual operation process to students, thus replacing the actual demonstration and solving the problem that people can't see clearly and can't repeat the demonstration. Some schools combine videos with webcams, introduce enterprises into the campus, and transmit the live videos of enterprises directly into the classroom. Experts will state their views in the classroom and answer questions for students.
Except for video, the application of multimedia teaching software can't be found in traditional classrooms. The popularity of computers leads to an endless stream of simulation software. Because most of the software on the market focuses on practical application rather than teaching, software specifically for teaching has gradually been developed. The advantage of teaching software lies in assisting teachers' classroom teaching and students' autonomous learning. A complete help system can almost completely replace the teacher's function. Excellent interactive performance can make images, sounds, languages, etc. The simulated real environment acts on the user's senses through the man-machine interface, and then makes timely feedback according to the user's reaction, forming a closed loop. Users can acquire knowledge and strengthen skills practice by constantly using software.
In addition, the teaching software also breaks the traditional classroom chain teaching process, and students with different academic abilities can choose the corresponding module learning according to their own mastery. At the end of a class, you can save your learning progress for later. The effect of learning can also be immediately evaluated and fed back to students and teachers, so that students can correct their mistakes in time, and teachers can fully understand the learning situation of each student, so as to take corresponding measures to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. After the course grading is over, the process evaluation is also realized, and the score is not determined by an exam.
Finally, the popularity of the Internet has extended the classroom from the classroom to the extracurricular. Not only teachers have lesson plans, but also students begin to have lesson plans. Knowing the contents of the class before class can help students improve their classroom reaction ability. With the use of network communication software, there is no previous gap between teachers and students. Teachers and students can communicate online, answer questions and speak freely, and the network also provides convenience for sending and receiving homework.
Third, information practice teaching
Most science and engineering subjects are courses combining rationality with practice, and skills are exercised through practical operation in the laboratory. In traditional practice teaching, the general theory part is first explained by the teacher, then demonstrated by the teacher, and finally practiced by the students themselves. There are many problems exposed, such as students' understanding of the theoretical part is not thorough enough; Because there are many students demonstrating, it is difficult for everyone to see clearly and it is almost impossible to repeat; It is easy to be limited by the number of sets of equipment when practicing. Once students encounter problems, teachers can't respond in time.
Information practice teaching solves these problems by introducing multimedia. Teachers can make a short courseware and use animation, video and other resources to explain abstract concepts. In the demonstration stage, a pre-recorded video can replace the teacher to show the whole process of operation, which is clear and intuitive and can be seen by every student and played repeatedly. Simulation software can solve the problems of students' unskilled operation and insufficient number of equipment. Some students can practice on the simulation software first, and skilled students can actually operate on the equipment, which greatly improves the teaching efficiency and reduces the error probability. In addition to solving the problems exposed in traditional teaching, numbers? It has also brought many new changes to practical teaching. Because teaching software can replace teachers' work to a certain extent, students' learning and operation process becomes more flexible. Focus on:
Conceptually, students can give full play to their imagination to innovate, and the training classroom will become a tailor-made classroom for every student, and every student can get the necessary auxiliary guidance in time;
Repeatability, and the operation process is planned through proper guidance of software? Realize? Check? Dealing with cycles, students can reflect on each cycle, grasp the progress of their own practice, and constantly improve in repeated practice;
Collaboration: Through human-computer interaction and everyone's interaction, the object of students' communication is no longer limited to teachers, students can understand the needs of virtual users, and many projects can be designed as training that can only be completed by collaborative operation ability.
Informatization entering the field of vocational education has a far-reaching impact on exploring and developing modern educational concepts, improving the level of educational technology, improving the experimental training environment, optimizing the teaching process and cultivating talents with innovative consciousness and ability.
However, the informationization of vocational education also has a long way to go. How to strengthen the construction of network resources and establish a platform of educational resources that can be shared between schools; How to design a teaching platform, promote the popularization of teachers' space and students' space, and make the communication between teachers and students become a habit like using Weibo; Some advanced technologies, such as hardware-in-the-loop technology and virtual technology, are developing vigorously, and their cost input is also huge. Do you want to introduce these technologies into vocational schools? How to introduce these technologies into vocational schools? Many problems need further discussion. Under the impetus of information technology, vocational education will also develop in the direction of online school and virtual education, and vocational education will be more perfect.
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