-Economics of education
Education can change a person's preferences, habits, thoughts and behaviors ... It is no exaggeration to say that education determines a person's life. This paper gives my own thoughts, viewpoints and ideas from a personal point of view. "Please sprinkle Pan Jiang, and all parties will drink it themselves." .
? The system and classification of education
K- 12 school system: education from kindergarten to 12 grade. Used internationally as a general term for the basic education stage. Including preschool education, primary education and secondary education.
Education can be divided into five categories: primary education services, secondary education services, higher education services, adult education services and other education services.
? Educational demand and supply
I think education supply refers to the educational opportunities provided to students by various educational institutions at all levels in a certain period of time to train all kinds of skilled workers and specialized talents and promote economic, social and personal development. Educational demand refers to the needs of society and individuals who have the ability to pay for education. Personal demand refers to the demand that individuals have the ability to pay for education because of their expectation of future knowledge, skills, income and social status. The social demand of education refers to the need to pay for education expenses based on the demand for labor and specialized talents in the future economic and social development of the country when the social history develops to a certain stage.
Correspondingly, the supply and demand of education generally show three states: absolute balance, relative balance and imbalance. The absolute balance between education supply and demand means that education supply and education demand are strictly equal; The relative balance of education supply and demand refers to the state that education supply is slightly greater than education demand or education demand is slightly greater than education supply; The imbalance between supply and demand of education, also known as "imbalance", refers to a state that the difference between supply and demand of education exceeds a certain proportion, educational activities fluctuate greatly, and economic and social development and progress are greatly impacted, which is unacceptable to people. The main reasons for personal needs are: spiritual needs, material needs, social status needs, and improving the quality of life needs; Personal talent, family socio-economic conditions, future income expectations, tuition fees, etc.
However, there are many problems in education in China. The imbalance between supply and demand of education in China is as follows: ① There is pressure of education demand in the total supply and demand of education, which is mainly manifested in the annual increase of about 25 million educated people, and it shows an increasing trend year by year; Second, the educational level and scope demanded by individuals are constantly expanding and improving. In addition, due to the shortage of high-quality education resources, the imbalance of education quality supply in the field of basic education is mainly manifested in students' choice of schools, and some primary and secondary schools with better education quality have become the focus of competition. Many rural parents send their children to cities for their children's education. On the one hand, the imbalance of education supply and demand structure is manifested in the coexistence of shortage and surplus of education supply at a certain level or a certain major, such as the shortage of education supply in ordinary high schools and the shortage of demand for secondary vocational education in China. ③ The imbalance between supply and demand of regional education is mainly reflected in the fact that China is a typical country with dual economic structure. The rapid development of urban industrial economy and the long-term stagnation of rural agricultural economy make the economic development level between urban and rural areas, between the eastern, central and western regions, and between coastal areas and inland areas extremely unbalanced. The regional imbalance of economic development will inevitably lead to the regional imbalance of education supply. On the one hand, the investment in education in economically developed areas is relatively sufficient or even excessive; On the other hand, the investment in education in economically backward areas is seriously insufficient, which cannot meet the needs of local education development. This livelihood issue, together with other issues, has had a great impact on people's lives.
? Problems existing in China's education investment
Compared with the development level of the whole national economy and the speed and scale of education development, the level of education funds in China is still backward, and there is still a big gap compared with the world average. At present, there are still problems in China's education investment, mainly in the following aspects: ① The overall investment in education funds is insufficient. 1993 "outline of education reform and development in China" puts forward that "by the year 2000, the state finance
Expenditure on education accounts for 4% of the gross national product. "According to statistics, until 2003, China's national financial education funds accounted for only 3.28% of GDP, and in 2004 it was 2.79%. ② The educational structure is unreasonable. At present, the main problems existing in the distribution structure of higher education investment in China are that the proportion of higher education investment is too large, and the investment in primary and secondary education is relatively insufficient, which is in an inverted triangle shape, which is very different from the pyramid distribution structure of higher education investment in other countries in the world. ③ There are significant regional differences in education investment. From the comparison between urban and rural areas, the per capita budgetary education expenditure of urban primary school students in 1998 is 1.4 times that of rural primary school students, and that of urban middle school students is 1. 1 times that of rural middle school students. By 200 1 year, the per capita education expenditure of urban primary school students will be 1.7 1 times that of rural primary school students, and that of urban middle school students will be 1.68 times that of rural middle school students. It can be seen that the gap between urban and rural education investment is growing. ④ The laws and policies of education investment are not perfect. ⑤ The multi-channel financing of education investment is not smooth enough.
? The role of government
Under the market economy system, the government's functions of regulating education supply and demand mainly include: the leading function of the government in the field of basic education; The guiding role of the government in the field of higher education; The macro-management function of the government in the whole education field.
In my opinion, the education reform in China should pay attention to the following points.
(A) the level of education popularization needs to be improved.
(2) To promote educational equity, we should make new breakthroughs and narrow the educational gap.
(3) The quality of education has reached a new level.
(D) The personnel training structure should have a new pattern.
(5) New progress should be made in the reform of the education system.
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We know that the educational needs of individuals and families are mainly based on the improvement and enrichment of spiritual life, social status and quality of life, as well as the consideration of personal talent, family economic conditions, tuition fees and future income expectations. Especially from the perspective of economics, I want to think more about the problem. I have gained a lot of new experiences by analyzing the educational problems from the perspective of economics.
Through the study of this course, I realize that we can look at problems from different angles, such as morality, law, economy and philosophy. And think more and get endless benefits. Look beyond the mountain, the distance is different!
Social Issues Economics Student Group 1 1 Team 30320 1208 1 Yan Song