With the acceleration of the times, parents are under increasing economic pressure. Many parents' working hours conflict with the current primary school hours. Coupled with the updating of educational knowledge and the revision of teaching materials, parents' knowledge system is no longer applicable to the current primary school education. As a result, many parents choose kindergarten classes or institutions around the school. Some trusteeship classes are in the form of small dining tables to solve students' dietary problems; There are also some remedial classes, which focus on helping students do their homework. Students who do homework in the custody class have one thing in common: zero error rate. On the surface, there is nothing wrong with students' homework, but it will mislead school teachers to judge students, give students corresponding guidance, and have a negative impact on school education. We draw lessons from previous studies, aiming to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of trusteeship, find out the influence of trusteeship teaching on school education, and put forward corresponding solutions.
I. The meaning of trusteeship
Jiangsu Education pointed out that family education trusteeship is a kind of family-style collaborative education service, that is, relevant (educational) institutions or individuals accept the entrustment of parents to manage students' safety, life, study and activities during the morning, middle and evening periods that parents should be responsible for, and mainly undertake the responsibilities of safety education, activity counseling and study guidance for students. The meaning of education trusteeship mainly includes three aspects: one is family education trusteeship, the other is school education trusteeship, and the third is community trusteeship.
In this paper, the "custody class" is defined as a family workshop-style remedial class organized by educational institutions or individuals entrusted by parents to manage after-school education activities and academic counseling for primary school students.
When discussing the social education phenomenon of trusteeship in many materials, most of them combine advantages and disadvantages to make an objective discussion. Professor Li Qing believes that in recent years, the education department has continuously stepped up efforts to reduce students' burden and standardized service fees and charges in primary and secondary schools. In this context, more and more schools no longer provide custody services, and the custody services of regular schools have almost disappeared. Instead, various trust institutions in the society provide services such as picking up and dropping off students, boarding, delivering meals, and academic counseling. The development trend of "school trusteeship industry" has become a "new industry".
Second, the development status of Qingdao trusteeship industry
Through interviews, observation and other methods, the author investigates and summarizes the following characteristics of Qingdao trusteeship class:
1. Organization form: unlicensed family custody.
The author found around Ping 'an Road No.2 Primary School and Renmin Road No.1 Primary School that many custody classes of different sizes were not filed in the industrial and commercial departments and the education departments. From a legal point of view, any organization involved in providing food for students should be registered in the industrial and commercial department and obtain a catering license; Speaking of counseling, it should be registered in the education department.
Through in-depth investigation, the author found that, whether it is Shinan district with rapid economic development or county-level cities with relatively backward economic development, many trusteeship classes are only private family-run trusteeship classes that have reached an agreement with their parents. Rent a room in the community and set up some tables to recruit students. In this case, children of all grades are crowded in a room, and several college students or graduate students are invited as tutors, which means a little pots and pans, and the trusteeship class of managing food and management is produced. As you can imagine, there are great security risks and educational quality problems in this kind of family workshop-style trusteeship class. Although the custody service involves industry and commerce, education, fire protection, health and other departments, no department is really responsible for supervising the work of the custody institution. Such "trusteeship" is like "detachment".
2. Managed classes: diversity is greater than unity.
According to different time, it can be divided into midday care and evening care. Most of the custody classes in Qingdao urban area are mainly late care, that is, after school in the afternoon, custody services are provided. In county-level cities, such as Laixi and other places, there are custody classes with lunch care as the main service content, that is, after school at noon, students are taken back to the custody classes to manage their lunch and lunch break.
According to the different hosting contents, it can be divided into small dining table and supporting category. The former is mainly responsible for providing food, while the latter is mainly for academic counseling.
According to the different learning categories, it can be divided into subject trusteeship classes and characteristic trusteeship classes. The former is the most common type, which mainly provides targeted counseling for students' homework and subjects that need to be supplemented, but it is also the most common type of student loss. Characteristic trusteeship class is a new product, which cultivates students' specialty and divergent thinking on the basis of ensuring homework. For example, Xuele Island in Laoshan District defines custody classes as after-school training camps, and there are many interest classes such as piano and Go, which introduce foreign educational concepts. In short, various kinds of trusteeship will meet the different needs of parents to a certain extent, but the proliferation of diversity will inevitably lead to confusion in people's choices. Therefore, the trusteeship industry needs to establish a basic unity.
3. Teaching quality: it is desirable but not satisfactory.
Qingdao is a city with a large population inflow, and many migrant parents and dual-income families can't meet the needs of children's transportation and academic counseling, so the existence of trusteeship classes is understandable.
Some trusteeship classes with perfect systems and excellent teachers have a positive impact on students and parents' conferences. First of all, such a trusteeship class has the ability to teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Students need attention when they grow up, but in public schools, this demand is often not met. According to the survey, many trusteeship classes offer dance, calligraphy, painting and other courses, which is of great benefit to improving students' comprehensive quality. Furthermore, help parents solve the difficulties of raising children. Many parents have neither time nor ability to help students with their studies, such as English. Many parents lack foreign language knowledge, so they can only solve their problems with the help of trusteeship classes.
Trusteeship has its rationality and universality, and has certain efficacy and value. From an objective point of view, its disadvantages should not be underestimated. Through in-depth investigation, it is known that many trusteeship teachers lack professional teaching knowledge. The guidance for students is limited to checking homework, and even many trusteeship classes directly provide students with answers, so that students can finish their homework quickly and ensure that there are no mistakes.
Through personal visits, the author learned that many nursing classes introduced by students are run by housewives, and they are "hands-on" whether it is tutoring homework or students' diet. Whether food hygiene is guaranteed or not, the professionalism of teaching needs to be questioned.
In short, as a new product, the trusteeship industry has its positive side, and there are bound to be many disadvantages in its development process, among which the most worth pondering is its negative impact on school education.
Third, the negative impact of the trusteeship class on school education. Private custody classes are mostly for profit, so many custody classes also have many shortcomings, which deserve our deep consideration and improvement.
1. The teacher is undocumented and lacks professionalism.
Private trusteeship has mushroomed, but it is mixed. At present, the so-called student trusteeship industry is largely in a blind spot of supervision, even in a "management vacuum" state. Similarly, in this context, there is no definite way to choose the trustee. According to the survey, there are almost all teachers' quality problems in local trusteeship classes. Many private trusteeship classes employ on-the-job college students without teacher qualification certificate and pre-job training. Primary school learning, ontology knowledge is simple, but more importantly, it is to guide and guide children. Inexperienced teachers will only follow the traditional "spoon-feeding" teaching, and often tend to ignore the laws of students' physical and mental development. As a supplement and extension of school education, the trusteeship class should choose experienced professional teachers to ensure the teaching quality.
2. Students' burden increases, resulting in weariness.
Most primary school students are urged to do their homework, preview and review in their spare time, and have no rest after class. What's more, they didn't go home until eight or nine o'clock. The heavy burden of study almost overwhelmed students. They have little free time, but now they have lost the mood and environment for playing. Many children are tired of learning, and in their eyes, the custody class is more tired than the school. It even directly affects students' study at school.
3. There are many learning behavior problems and the initiative is lost.
Many trusteeship students are careless in doing their homework at school, often absent from class and absent from class. Some students are easy to develop excessive dependence on teachers, and students lack initiative and enthusiasm in their studies. Due to the large amount of students' homework, students' time in the custody class has also been extended. The supervision of the custody class has led to the weakening or even loss of some students' initiative in homework, which has greatly reduced the enthusiasm of students in school. After investigation, many children in the custody class feel tired of going to school and bored with their homework. It takes them several minutes to write their homework, find a notebook, sharpen a pencil and write a word, which is extremely inefficient. Some students often use the excuses of "going to the toilet", "having a stomachache" and "having a headache" to avoid studying when doing their homework. The appearance of this behavior problem makes people have to think deeply about the potential problems. The abnormal behavior of students needs to be corrected in time, but it is more necessary to find out the essential problems. If left unchecked, it will not only affect the effect of extracurricular education, but also hinder the normal progress of school education.
4. Lack of moral education can easily lead to personality defects.
Custody students usually lack the care and active guidance of their parents, and their personalities are capricious, indifferent and withdrawn, and their inner endurance is poor, and they often go to extremes. Especially the children of migrant workers, most of them stay in the custody class until eight or nine o'clock, lacking communication and exchanges with their parents. Social trusteeship classes are almost all privately run for profit, taking care of students' diet and study activities, but never involving students' moral education, which is extremely unfavorable to the entrusted students.
The supervised students are more or less lacking in family education in many aspects, and family education is an important condition for normal and effective school education. Therefore, the lack of moral education in the custody class indirectly has a negative impact on school education.
5. One-sided transmission of student information, single evaluation criteria.
There are often cultural differences and different educational methods and means between schools and trusteeship classes, which also causes conflicts in teaching evaluation between them. Trusteeship classes often only consider students' scores because they mainly help with homework or make up lessons. Cramming teaching strengthens grades and is the only criterion for evaluating students, but it dilutes the learning of basic knowledge. In addition, based on the results, the custodian teacher will convey the students' one-sided information to parents, thus affecting parents' judgment on their children.
As a supplement to school education, trusteeship classes should actively cooperate with schools to do a good job in education. If they lose their subjective consciousness, the purpose of educational trusteeship will only be difficult to achieve.
Fourth, the corresponding solutions.
Obviously, there are various problems in many family trusts in society, which are difficult but not unsolvable.
1. Establish a school trusteeship class with excellent teachers.
School trusteeship class is undoubtedly the most recognized and reassuring way for parents. Conditional schools should make full use of existing resources to solve parents' worries. At the same time, the unified and standardized implementation of after-school trusteeship in schools will directly connect with school education and promote the continuity and consistency of education.
Of course, some schools in Qingdao are also unique. They are led by parents' committee through parents' cooperation. The school supports the trusteeship staff to take the parents of students as the main body, recruit volunteers such as retired teachers and professionals, or hire professional teachers to participate in the school trusteeship work. This practice is undoubtedly the most reassuring for parents, but it is difficult to implement and many schools cannot implement it. If the government gives guidance and support, it will certainly promote the development of school trusteeship to a certain extent.
Nanjing's "flexible leaving school" is also a meaningful attempt, allowing students in need to delay leaving school, and the school arranges special personnel for unified management, which solves the problem of parents picking up their children.
2. Try community hosting classes and implement regional management.
Community hosting classes have made many parents see hope, and most communities expressed their hope to share their worries for parents in their jurisdiction. However, due to factors such as funds, venues, teachers and teaching equipment, the process of community hosting classes has been hindered.
According to the survey, the slow development of community trust is largely due to the lack of teachers. Therefore, if we recruit high-quality college student volunteers and retired teachers and other professionals in colleges and universities, can we alleviate this contradiction to some extent? In addition, the community can brainstorm, listen to the opinions of many parents or take turns to take care of them, thus reducing the economic burden and manpower input to some extent.
3. Standardize private custody classes and construct relevant laws and regulations.
If we only rely on the school trusteeship class, we are weak and it is impossible to meet the real needs. Therefore, it is indeed necessary for private custody classes to exist, and it is imperative to supervise and guide private custody classes. The state should first give the custody industry a clear legal status, and then the education department should take the lead and unite with the departments of industry and commerce, fire protection and health to formulate relevant management and supervision systems as soon as possible, and strictly examine the venues, food hygiene and qualifications of employees of the institutions to improve the entry threshold. In order to protect students' rights and interests, it should be stipulated that relevant institutions must sign an agreement with parents to clarify the time, content, management requirements, charging standards, rights and obligations of both parties, etc.
At the same time, the custody class should keep regular contact and communication with the parents of children, communicate with each other and make joint efforts to form an educational network system for jointly educating and managing left-behind children.
4. Improve family education and give children affection and warmth.
"Child care" is the rigid demand of parents, and it is not advisable for schools to bear this burden completely or hope for disorderly market operation. From the perspective of family education, especially the only child, it is best for parents to live with their children, give them care and care, and let them grow up healthily. Parents should first set an example and create a good family style. Many families have family precepts, which are very commendable. After all, the sense of family security and the warmth of family affection can't be replaced by any trusteeship.