As we all know, our Chinese nation has a long history and splendid culture, and it has countless worlds. But do you know what is the best of them? Yes, that's the population.

According to the fourth census of 1990, the population of mainland China has reached11.300 million. This base is equivalent to the sum of the seven most populous countries in the world, such as the former Soviet Union, the United States, Indonesia, Brazil, Nigeria, Japan and Bangladesh. To illustrate the population of our country more vividly, let me give you an analogy. If the population of the world is arranged in a line, one person every 50 cm can be arranged in six and a half rows all the way to the moon. One and a half of them are from China. China people can circle the equator 14 times if they line up separately.

I. Population situation

1. Population

China is the most populous country in the world, accounting for about 1/5 of the world. China's population reached1295.33 million (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in the fifth national census in 2000, and is expected to approach1400 million in 20 10; By the middle of the 20th century, it will reach 6543.8+0.5 billion -6543.8+0.6 billion. Although the population growth rate has been declining gradually in recent 20 years, the large population has become an unchangeable basic national condition. The resource demand, energy supply, education popularization, employment security, economic development, life improvement and even the whole modernization of China are all heavy pressures and severe challenges.

2. Population distribution

China has a large population and uneven distribution. The southeast region is bounded by Heihe River in Heilongjiang and Tengchong in Yunnan, with an area of about 47,000 square kilometers and a population of 94.4% of the country. Northwest lateral area covers an area of 5.483 million square kilometers, accounting for 5.6% of the country's population. China's population composition is characterized by a large proportion of agricultural population, but in the process of industrialization and economic modernization, a large number of rural population will gradually become urban population, and the urban and rural population structure will change greatly, which is the objective inevitability of population changes with economic development.

3. The age structure of the population

The age structure of population mainly refers to the proportion of juvenile population, adult population and elderly population. With the rapid reduction of birth rate and death rate, the age structure of the population is also rapidly changing to the old-age type. In the mid-1980s, the age structure of China population changed to the adult type, and began to transition to the elderly type. 1987, the proportion of minors under 14 years old dropped to 28.68%, the proportion of adults aged 15-64 years old rose to 65.86%, and the proportion of elderly people over 65 years old was 5.46%. In 2000, the proportion of juvenile population dropped to 265,438 0.3%, the proportion of adult population rose to 765,438 0.74%, and the proportion of elderly population rose to 6.96%, which was close to the structure of the elderly. By 20 14, the proportion of the elderly population will rise to 10.5438+06%, and it will begin to enter an aging society. By 2045, the proportion of the elderly population will reach 22.59%, of which the elderly over 75 will account for 54.44% of the elderly population, making it a big country with an elderly population. Population aging will bring extensive and serious negative effects on economic growth, employment and labor resources supply, savings and investment, social insurance mechanism, intergenerational relations, family composition and so on.

4. The change of urban and rural population structure and the improvement of urbanization level.

China's rural population accounts for the vast majority of the total population, but in the process of industrialization and economic modernization, a large number of rural population will gradually become urban population, and the urban and rural population structure will undergo tremendous changes, which is the objective inevitability of population changes with economic development. At the end of 2002, the urban population grew rapidly to 50,265,438+200,000, accounting for 39,654.38+0%. If "migrant workers" from rural areas to cities and towns are added, the proportion of urban population will increase by about 10 percentage point.

Due to the rapid increase of urban population and number, it is difficult to develop and improve urban infrastructure, service industry and management system at the same time, which leads to many problems in urban life and production, such as traffic problems, water supply problems, housing problems, environmental problems and social problems.

Second, the family planning policy

In the mid-1970s, China realized the importance of the population problem and began to implement the family planning policy. China's current family planning policy is: advocate late marriage and late childbirth, and have fewer and healthier children; Advocate a couple to have only one child. Now it seems that it will take at least two generations to adjust the population problem in China from the early 1980s, and it needs the careful design, support and supervision of the National Population and Family Planning Commission, summing up experience and implementing it steadily.

In a word, the complicated and rapidly changing national conditions of China's population require us to, first, look at it dialectically, see both the advantages and disadvantages, and compare its advantages and disadvantages; Second, from a historical perspective, we should not only see the historical background and rationality of the previous policy, but also see its historical limitations and costs, and also compare the dynamic changes of the benefits and costs of the policy; Third, from the perspective of development, we should not only see the favorable conditions for current development, but also the unfavorable conditions for future development. We should also change the favorable and unfavorable conditions and adjust the development goals, principles and policies in a timely and appropriate manner.