Jean-Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French: Jean-Jacques? Rousseau),1712 was born in Geneva, Switzerland on June 28th, 2002. He was a great French enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer, and was the ideological pioneer of the French Revolution in the18th century.
An outstanding democratic political critic, a pioneer of the Romantic literary genre and one of the most outstanding representatives of the Enlightenment, died on July 2, 778 in Elmenonville, northeast of Paris.
He is the author of many works, such as On the Origin and Basis of Human Inequality, Emile, Confessions, New Eloise, Botanical Newsletter, etc. His representative works are Social Contract Theory and Science and Art. ..
2. Voltaire
Voltaire (French: Voltaire, born at 1694,165438+1October 21-died at the age of 83 on May 30/778), whose real name is Fran? ois-MarieArouet).
Voltaire is his pen name, a French enlightenment thinker, writer, philosopher, famous scholar and writer. Voltaire was the leader of the French bourgeois enlightenment in the18th century.
Known as "the king of French thought", "the best poet in France" and "the conscience of Europe". Advocating an enlightened monarch and emphasizing freedom and equality. Representative works: Philosophical Exchange, Metaphysics, The Age of Louis XIV, Honest Man, etc.
3. Montesquieu
Baron Charles de Montesquieu II (1689 65438+1October18-65438+February 0755 10) was a thinker and sociologist during the French Enlightenment.
He is the founder of western country theory and legal theory. Although his works are few, they have a wide influence, especially the Spirit of Law, which laid the foundation for the development of modern western politics and legal theory.
It also greatly influenced Europeans' views on eastern politics and legal culture. His representative works include Persian Letters and On the Spirit of Law.
4. Diderot
Denis Derot (17 13) was born in Langley. French enlightenment thinker, materialist philosopher, atheist and writer. Born into a petty-bourgeois family in Lange.
Father is a skilled knife maker. He studied at the Jesuit schools in Lange and Paris. His father had hoped that he would become a good lawyer, but he was keen on mathematics, language education, literature and philosophy. Father thinks he has nothing to do.
In a rage, he cut off his support. The young man from other provinces had to make a living by teaching and translating in Paris. Hard life forged his will. He read widely, studied hard and devoted himself to natural science.
5. Kant
ImmanuelKant (German: Immanuel Kant,1724 ——1April 22, 804,1February, at the age of 80) was born in Konigsberg, Germany, a German, writer, philosopher and founder of German classical philosophy.
His theory deeply influenced modern western philosophy and created many schools such as German classical philosophy and Kant's philosophy. Graduated from the University of Konigsberg. He has been teaching at his alma mater since 1755, which is the "pre-critical period" in his thought.
He devoted himself to natural science research, taught many subjects and published many natural science books. 1770 was hired as a professor, and his thoughts turned to "post-critical period".
From 178 1 year. He completed three books: Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason and Critique of Judgment. This marks the birth of his critical philosophy system and brings a philosophical revolution.
1793, because of some opinions, the defendant flouted Christian teachings and encountered some troubles. But he continued to explore and write until 1804 died in February. Kant was the last major philosopher in the Enlightenment and a representative figure in German ideological circles.
He reconciled rene descartes's rationalism with Bacon's empiricism, and is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in the West after Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.