Ministry of Internal Affairs
1、
Correct answer c
Lindane cream can accumulate in adipose tissue for a long time after being absorbed in large quantities, and it is discharged slowly. In order to prevent damage to liver, kidney function and central nervous system, it is best not to smear the wound on a large area.
2、
Correct answer a
Scabies and lice are common parasitic infectious diseases in dermatology. Topical drugs are mainly used for treatment, such as 5 ~ 10% sulfur ointment, lindane cream and 10% clomiphene cream. Benzoyl peroxide is a drug for treat acne. So choose a.
3、
Correct answer b
Benzyl benzoate can kill the sarcophagus at high concentration, which is better than sulfur. Lindane is an effective drug to kill sarcophagus, and it also has the function of killing lice and lice eggs. After direct contact with sarcophagus and lice, it passes through the body wall, causing nervous system paralysis and death. Sublimated sulfur has the functions of killing bacteria and fungi, killing insects, removing oil and promoting keratin dissolution. Clomiphene has local anesthetic effect, can treat all kinds of itching, has special effect on killing sarcoptes, and can be used in the nervous system of sarcoptes to paralyze and kill sarcoptes. So choose B.
4、
Correct answer c
The analysis answer is that scabies drugs are used locally, among which Lindane cream (Glauber's salt cream and γ-666 cream) has the best curative effect, followed by Clomiphene citrate (Youlifu), benzyl benzoate and sulfur ointment, which are recognized as specific drugs.
5、
Correct answer d
Answer analysis: Dānlín and benzyl benzoate are prohibited for patients with epilepsy/organic central nervous system diseases, pregnant women and lactating women, and children under 12 years old. Clomiphene citrate is contraindicated for acute exudative dermatosis.
6、
Correct answer c
When tretinoin and benzoyl peroxide are used together, there is a physical incompatibility in the same place at the same time, so they should be used alternately in the morning and evening, that is, tretinoin gel or cream should be used before going to bed at night and benzoyl peroxide gel should be used after washing in the morning.
7、
Correct answer a
When tretinoin and benzoyl peroxide are used together, there is a physical incompatibility in the same place at the same time, so they should be used alternately in the morning and evening, that is, tretinoin gel or cream should be used before going to bed at night and benzoyl peroxide gel should be used after washing in the morning. The combination of the two drugs can not enhance the curative effect, but it can avoid drug resistance.
8、
Correct answer e
Retinoic acid should not be used for large areas of severe acne, and avoid contact with the mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth. It is effective for severe nodular acne. For acne with obvious bacterial infection, erythromycin-benzoyl peroxide gel and clindamycin phosphate gel or solution can be used, 1 ~ 2 times a day 1 time. In order to reduce the drug resistance of Propionibacterium acnes, non-antibiotic antibiotics such as benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid should be used as much as possible. Benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin-benzoyl peroxide gel are prohibited for those with acute inflammation and injury to the skin.
9、
Correct answer d
Drugs for acne will not cause gastrointestinal reactions.
10、
Correct answer a
Tretinoin is used for acne vulgaris, especially acne lesions, verruca plana, abnormal keratosis of skin and hair follicles and psoriasis vulgaris. Photosensitivity, avoid using local phototherapy irradiation at the same time during treatment. Otherwise, it may lead to photosensitive dermatosis, so it cannot be used for photosensitive dermatosis. Choose a.
1 1、
Correct answer c
Clotrimazole is not a drug for acne, but a drug for fungal infection. Sulfur is used for scabies, tinea capitis, acne, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, pityriasis simplex, etc.
12、
Correct answer e
Acne treatment should be started as early as possible to prevent scar formation. The purpose of treatment is to relieve, and there may be repetition in the treatment process, especially for women, which may be light or heavy with the change of menstrual cycle. The choice of treatment mainly depends on the severity of acne. Mild and moderate acne is generally treated locally. Moderate and severe acne can be treated with systemic therapy, such as oral antibiotics (tetracycline, minocycline, etc. ), female patients take progesterone, ethinylestradiol and other hormones orally, and patients with nodular and cystic acne take isotretinoin orally under the guidance of dermatologists. So e is wrong.
13、
Correct answer a
Benzoyl peroxide is a strong oxidant and easy to decompose. When the organic matter is decomposed into new ecological oxygen, it can kill Propionibacterium acne and make the skin dry and desquamate.
14、
Correct answer a
Terbinafine is used for tinea manuum, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea versicolor and cutaneous candidiasis.
15、
Correct answer d
The antifungal effect and mechanism of nystatin are similar to those of amphotericin B, which has high antibacterial activity against Candida and is not easy to produce drug resistance. Local treatment of superficial fungal infection of skin and mucosa. Oral absorption is very small, and it is only suitable for intestinal candida albicans infection. Oral administration can cause temporary nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal reactions. Because of its high toxicity, it is not suitable for injection administration. There are few adverse reactions caused by local application.
16、
Correct answer e
Cetirizine is an antiallergic drug, not an antifungal drug.
17、
Correct answer b
Amodolphine is a morpholine local antifungal drug.
18、
Correct answer b
Local application of glucocorticoid will generally spread or aggravate local skin infection, skin atrophy, telangiectasia, contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, acne, pigmentation or decline and hirsutism. Long-term external use, especially external use of powerful drugs, can cause hormone-dependent dermatitis, mostly on the face, with erythema, telangiectasia and rosacea-like acne-like papules, accompanied by itching or burning sensation. Long-term large-scale external use or packaging of potent and super-potent glucocorticoids may lead to systemic adverse reactions, such as Cushing's syndrome, due to the increase in cumulative transdermal absorption.
19、
Correct answer c
Mometasone furoate is a powerful local glucocorticoid.
Second, B.
1、
Correct answer e
Correct answer a
Dānlín should not be exposed to alkaline substances or iron. Sulfur must not come into contact with copper products.
2、
Correct answer d
For acne infected by bacteria, erythromycin-benzoyl peroxide gel and clindamycin phosphate gel or solution can be used, 1 ~ 2 times a day 1 time.
Correct answer c
It is suggested to apply 0. 1% adapalene gel once a day, or 1 5% azelaic acid cream twice a day.
Correct answer b
For acne vulgaris caused by excessive sebaceous gland secretion, 2.5% ~ 10% benzoyl peroxide gel should be applied to the affected area first, 1 ~ 2 times a day.
Correct answer e
For cystic acne, it is recommended to take viaminate capsules orally, 50mg once, three times a day, which can promote the differentiation of epithelial cells and has a good effect. Or isotretinoin, the recommended dose is 0. 1mg/kg per day, and after 4 ~ 6 months, it is changed to external application to control recurrence.
Correct answer a
For mild to moderate acne vulgaris, 0.025% ~ 0.03% tretinoin cream or 0.05% tretinoin gel can be used externally, 1 ~ 2 times a day. Cleaning the affected area for 8 ~ 12 weeks before going to bed is 1 course of treatment, which can significantly reduce the damage of inflammation to the skin.
3、
Correct answer b
Retinoic acid is the metabolic intermediate of vitamin K, which can regulate the mitosis of epidermal cells and the cell renewal of epidermis, make the hyperplasia and differentiation of diseased skin return to normal, promote the renewal of hair follicle epithelium, inhibit the synthesis of keratin and prevent the formation of keratin plugs.
Correct answer a
Isotretinoin is an optical isomer of retinoic acid. Has the effects of contracting sebaceous glands, inhibiting sebaceous gland activity, reducing sebum secretion, reducing epithelial cell differentiation, and reducing propionibacterium acne in hair follicles.
Correct answer c
Adapalene is a retinoic acid compound with high affinity to retinoic acid nuclear receptor and strong anti-inflammatory effect. It can inhibit the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in peripheral blood, inhibit the metabolism of polymorphonuclear leukocytes by inhibiting lipid oxidation to convert arachidonic acid into leukotrienes as inflammatory mediators, alleviate cell-mediated inflammatory reaction, inhibit the excessive proliferation of keratinocytes, dissolve acne and acne, and regulate the differentiation of skin cells on hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
Correct answer e
Azelaic acid can directly inhibit and kill bacteria on the skin surface and in hair follicles, eliminate pathogens, and inhibit and kill various aerobic and anaerobic bacteria on the skin, including propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Local use can significantly reduce the growth of skin bacteria and propionibacterium in hair follicles. And competitively inhibit the enzyme process of producing dihydrotestosterone, reduce the excessive skin oil induced by dihydrotestosterone factor, and reduce the free fatty acid content of skin surface lipid; In addition, it also has anti-keratosis effect, reducing hyperkeratosis of hair follicles, reducing pigmentation and alleviating the damage of chloasma.
Correct answer d
Benzoyl peroxide is a strong oxidant and easy to decompose. When the organic matter is decomposed into new ecological oxygen, it can kill Propionibacterium acne and make the skin dry and desquamate.
4、
Correct answer c
Correct answer d
Correct answer e
Correct answer a
Correct answer b
Answer analysis This question examines the classification of drugs and pays attention to memorizing knowledge points.
Three. x
1、
Correct answer, ABCDE
When using external drugs on the skin, we should pay attention to: (1) correctly master the use method. (2) The drug concentration should be appropriate. (3) The patient's age, sex and lesion site should be considered when taking drugs. (4) Pay attention to the application method and individual differences of the application place. The ability of skin to absorb drugs varies from place to place. (5) In case of irritation or allergic reaction such as redness, itching, etc., patients should be instructed to stop taking drugs immediately, clean the affected area and go to the hospital for treatment. (6) Appropriate dosage.
2、
Correct answer, ABCDE
Precautions for analysis of benzoyl peroxide: (1) In case of severe irritation, the drug should be stopped immediately and appropriate treatment should be given. After the symptoms subside, treatment can be resumed. Pay attention to reducing the number of drugs at the beginning. (2) This product should not be used around eyes or mucous membranes. (3) This product can bleach hair and is not suitable for areas with hair. When it comes into contact with colored objects, it may fade or fade. (4) Avoid over-exposure to sunlight at the drug application site.
3、
Correct answer, CDE
Retinoic acid is prohibited for patients with eye, acute or subacute dermatitis and eczema. Isotretinoin is prohibited in patients with liver and renal insufficiency, excessive vitamin intake and hyperlipidemia.
4、
Correct answer, BCDE
The appropriate combination of drugs and glucocorticoids for the treatment of skin fungal infection is to prevent recurrence, and the treatment should be continued after the symptoms of infection disappear 1 ~ 2 weeks. So, A is wrong and everything else is right.
5、
Correct answer, BCDE
Local application of glucocorticoid often leads to foreseeable adverse reactions, such as epidermis and dermis atrophy, skin thinning, dermatoglyphics, telangiectasia and purpura. Among them, high absorption parts (such as face, neck, armpit, perineum, genitals) are the most common, especially the elderly, which should be paid attention to.