Many Koreans who didn't want to be oppressed by Japanese rule came to China and actively carried out the independence and revival movement in China. Some people set up a government in exile in Shanghai, some organized an independent army in the northeast, some took part in the China Revolution, and some Korean youths went to Yunnan, where the Japanese army could not reach, to study military affairs at the Yunnan Military Academy. Their common political ideal is to resist Japan and save the country and seek the liberation and national independence of Korea.
It is against this background that two Korean youths born in the same year came to Kunming.
Li Fanxuan, a descendant of the Lee Dynasty in South Korea and grandson of Guangping, the fifth son of Sejong King, 17.
1907, ITO hirobumi ordered the dissolution of the Korean imperial army. One day, the Japanese army suddenly visited and searched Li Fanxuan's home, and Ding Taigui, Li Fanxuan's servant, was killed, which triggered his revenge and anti-Japanese thoughts. /Kloc-When he was 0/5 years old, he came to China with the famous Korean independence movement Lv Yunheng. 19 16 entered the Jiangwu Hall in Yunnan to study military affairs.
Memoirs of General Li Fanxuan describes his admission process in this way. "Mr. Sun Wen introduced me to the Yunnan Military Academy. When I was registered, I used the pseudonym" Li Guogen ",and my age was not enough. I lied that I was 2 years old before I entered school. "
Shen Kuizhi, the giant of Korean revolution, is closely related to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the forerunner of China revolution. Shen Kuizhi negotiated with Sun Yat-sen to send some Korean youths to study in Wujiang Guild Hall in Yunnan. "Mr Sun Wen contacted General Tang, Governor of Yunnan, to let North Korean students study military affairs in Yunnan."
In order to successfully complete China's studies, "I found a teacher named Du. I studied very hard, so my Chinese improved rapidly, and there was no problem with simple conversations."
After three years of hard study, Li Fanxuan graduated with the first place in the 12th Cavalry Division. 19 19, the "March 1st Movement" broke out in North Korea, and Li Fanxuan immediately rushed to Shanghai to join the government in exile in North Korea, hoping to do his part for the country and the nation. Later, he was assigned to the northeast and served as an instructor in Fengtian Xinxing Military Attaché School, responsible for training the independent army.
At that time, many Korean youths in exile gathered in the northeast, and the Korean independence movement organized armed forces such as the Independent Army and Volunteers in the northeast to prepare for the recovery of Korea.
Like Li Fanxuan, Cui Yongjian was born in 1900. He was born in a poor peasant family in Longchuan County, North Pyongan Province. In his youth, he was arrested by the Japanese gendarmerie for actively participating in the anti-Japanese patriotic movement. After he got out of prison, he came to China. He heard that there is a Wujiang guild hall in Yunnan that can accept foreign students, so he decided to leave. Yunnan is on the southwest border of China, and its politics is relatively loose, which the Japanese can't catch up with. It is very suitable for exiled Korean students like Cui Yongjian.
After a long journey, Cui Yongjian entered Yunnan Wujiangtang on 1923, and began his military school career for two years, becoming alumni with Zhu De, Ye Jianying, Long Yun and Lu Han.
Here, Cui Yongjian not only learned military knowledge, but also came into contact with Marxist thought and realized that communism was not only applicable to China, but also to North Korea.
After graduation, he served as an instructor in Huangpu Military Academy, joined the Northern Expedition with Huangpu teachers and students, and joined China. After the failure of the Great Revolution, he was sent to work in Northeast China by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to carry out the peasant movement in the Korean-inhabited areas, establish the Party's grass-roots organizations, and accumulate revolutionary forces. After the "September 18th Incident", Cui Yongjian responded to the party's call, mobilized the masses and organized anti-Japanese armed forces, and developed a spy team with only six people and 1 gun into the later famous Seventh Army of the Anti-Japanese Coalition, and successively served as the Chief of Staff of the Seventh Army, the Commander of the Seventh Army and the Chief of Staff of the Second Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition, becoming an important member of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition.
Due to the brutal mopping-up by the Japanese Kwantung Army, the Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition forces suffered heavy losses, and the remaining troops were reorganized into the Northeast Anti-Union Teaching Brigade, with the famous Zhou Baozhong as the brigade commander and Cui Yongjian as the brigade chief of staff.
It is worth mentioning that the name of the first battalion commander of the teaching brigade is Kim Il Sung.
Because of Cui Yongjian's great prestige and achievements in the military field, he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Korean People's Army and served as the defense minister of the DPRK.
He married a girl from the northeast. During the Korean War, he never used an interpreter to communicate with the volunteers' generals, but used Northeast dialect to communicate.
1953, Cui Yongjian was awarded the rank of second commander of the Republic of Korea, second only to Kim Il Sung.
Back to Li Fanxuan, he said in his memoirs: "Yunnan Military Academy has implemented a kind of militaristic education, also called retrograde education. In the words of modern people, it is' inhuman' barbaric education. "
He recalled such a thing: "Our school attaches great importance to the education of soldiers' personality, self-esteem, reputation and credibility, and students sometimes dare not buy rice if they want to. One Sunday, I went to the bakery to buy some biscuits. I put the leftovers in a boot and was checked by the captain of the guard when I entered the school gate. The captain, surnamed Liang, is not tall, but dignified. He is strict with his students. The students are all afraid of him. I'm a little worried about touching his hand. At dinner that day, Captain Liang piled up three stools and told me to stand at attention on them and eat all the confiscated biscuits. No slag was allowed to drop. I can't help it I ate it bit by bit, and I was sweating all over. " In this harsh learning environment, Li Fanxuan lamented: "After a few days of training, you will become another person." "I want to go back. "
The training of Wujiang Guild Hall in Yunnan is very strict. At that time, some students committed suicide because they could not bear such cruel training. Every time students finish training, it is difficult to stand up as soon as they squat down. So put a stake in front of the toilet pit in Jiangwutang. When students go to the toilet, they will hold the stake with their hands to prevent it from falling. "Shit and move piles" has become an idiom in Wujiang Guild Hall in Yunnan.
The harsh military training and long-term actual combat exercise have benefited Li Fanxuan a lot. 194 1 year, the Korean interim government decided to set up the Guangfu Army independently without relying on the China government. The General Command of the Korean Recovery Army was established in Chongqing, and Li Fanxuan was appointed as the Chief of Staff of the Korean Recovery Army. 1942, after the merger of the Korean Volunteers and the Guangfu Army, they were appointed as the deputy chief of staff and commander of the second detachment of the Guangfu Army and went to Xi 'an to take up their posts. 1948, after the establishment of the Korean government, served as the first cabinet prime minister and defense minister of South Korea.
However, in August, the Republic of Korea was established in the southern part of the Korean peninsula, and in September, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea was established in the northern part of Korea. Two alumni of Yunnan Military Academy led their respective armies to kill each other.
195 1 year 65438+1October 4th, the volunteers conquered Seoul. After the fall of Seoul, Li Fanxuan decided to commit suicide, but gave up because of his young son. The Minister of National Defense was removed from his post and sent to the regime of Taiwan Province Province in China as an ambassador. 1963, the government of park chung-hee awarded Li Fanxuan the Presidential Medal for the Founding of the People's Republic of China in recognition of his contribution, and appointed him as a member and permanent adviser of the Supreme Advisory Council of the National Unification Institute.