He stayed up all night reading military works and followed the example of Guan Yu, a "warrior". However, Yue's family was poor and couldn't afford to go to school, so his grandmother Yang invited a martial artist named 1 1 year-old Yue Fei to shoot.
But he was surprised to find that it took his grandson two years to master it.
So Zhou Tong was invited to teach him archery.
Professor Kaplan thinks that Zhou Tong is the most important of the two masters.
In the second volume of Jin Tuo's sequel and The Biography of York, Zhou Tong's archery lessons were described, and it was shown that he also accepted other disciples.
"Taste and learn from Xiang Hao Zhou Tong.
One day, people gathered together to shoot arrows, dazzled, and the person who hit the target shot three arrows in succession, pointing to his predecessor (Yue Fei) and saying, "Then shoot."
The first minister thanked him and said, "Please try.
"Pull a bow, break it, and then play again.
Surprised, he gave his two favorite bows to the first minister.
Say goodbye to the first minister and die in a few minutes.
The first minister went to hang his grave and mourned.
Every morning, I put on a dress, put a wine tripod on the same grave and cry at it.
」
In Li Hanhun's Chronicle of Yue Wumu, it is like this: "
One day, Zhou called his students to hold an archery competition. In order to show his ability, he shot three arrows at the center of the target in succession. He pointed to the target and showed it to his grandfather. He said, "If you can perform like this, you can say that you are a shooter." . Grandfather thanked him and asked for permission to try. He drew his bow, fired an arrow and hit the tail of Tang's arrow. He hit the target again and again. Tong was surprised and then gave his grandfather two of his favorite bows. From then on, my grandfather practiced harder until he was able to shoot arrows left and right, and put them accurately while moving. When he became a general, he taught this method to his officers and soldiers, so that his whole army became good at shooting left and right, and often used this method to attack the enemy's spirit?
The last paragraph in Selected Works is the same as part of Yue and Chronicle of Song Dynasty in the Republic of China, but the difference is that he didn't teach his personal skills to them in the latter, which shows that Yue Fei taught the soldiers the skills he learned there and made them win on the battlefield.
Zhou Dong was born in Shaanxi and practiced martial arts when he was young. He became a disciple of Tan Zhengfang, a Shaolin master, learned Shaolin Kung Fu, and became a man with both civil and military skills.
Tan Zhengfang's disciples also include future generals Kim Tae and Zong Ze, Sun Li, who is "ill late", and Luan Yuyan, who will be in charge of Zhujiazhuang in the future.
As an excellent young man, Zhou Dong attracted the attention of Bao Zheng and was recruited as an officer.
After he helped Jintai win the war against Liao, he was appreciated by his superiors and was promoted to the head coach of the imperial army, winning the first place in the three titles of "Heaven, Earth and Man".
He used his position and Zong Ze's friendship to introduce Sun Li to the Dengzhou Army.
When he was old, he became increasingly dissatisfied with state affairs, because they chose to reconcile with Liao instead of fighting.
He devoted himself to the study of martial arts and created many routine movements used by the government, such as "five steps and thirteen shots to poke the feet", which developed from Shaolin Fanzi Boxing and "Zhou Dongbang".
He spread martial arts in the imperial army and took two apprentices: Lu Junyi, the Jade Kirin, and Lin Chong, the Leopard Head, who took over after Zhou Dong left office.
During this period, Zhou Dong also had an anonymous apprentice, namely Song Wu.
After Song Wu killed the tiger, Sun Guoqing, the county magistrate, sent Song Wu to send tiger bone paste to senior officials in order to please the powerful. Song Wu stayed in the capital and began to understand Zhou Dong.
Zhou Dong thought that Song was very aggressive, but he lacked self-cultivation in boxing, so he gave him some suggestions. Unfortunately, their communication time is too short. Only two months later, Song Wu left Zhou Dong and returned to his hometown, and never met again.
Song Wu's shortcomings in boxing and martial arts have been exposed many times since then, such as killing Ximen Qing and beating Jiang Menshen, all of which suffered losses.
However, he entered the Imperial Boxing Hall with Zhou Dong and gained a lot of knowledge. So, Ximen Qing took the dangerous step of catching mice with golden cats in Lion Building. Song Wu didn't know how to break the law, but he knew it well.
At the same time, Zhou Dong taught Song Wu's mandarin duck legs, which is also Song Wu's killer.
This strange skill was taught by Song Wu to his good friend Jin Yanbiao, and it also became a trump card.
After retirement, Zhou Dong became a diner in Liu Guangshi and was wanted for helping Liangshan heroes. At the same time, when he learned that Jintai's time was coming, he immediately rushed to visit Shaolin Temple.
Jintai shaved his hair after his family was killed and became a monk here.
As a great disciple of Tan Zhengfang, Kim Tae ordered Zhou Dong to find a talented young man to inherit his skills.
But the officers and men who came later interrupted the meeting, so he had to escape to Jiuchunshan to live in seclusion for a while, and then he was invited by his old friend Wang Ming to go to Qilinzhuang.
One day, Zhou Dong unexpectedly gave the children a calligraphy test. He went outside the classroom to talk to the visitors.
Wang Gui, the son of Wang Ming, coaxed Yue Fei, the son of the maid, to help them finish the task, while several people went out to play.
Yue Fei easily completed the task, wrote a poem expressing his ambition on the wall and signed it.
Knowing that Zhou Dong was coming back, Wang Gui ran to the * * * room and told Yue Fei to leave quickly to avoid getting into trouble.
Zhou Dong finally discovered the truth and was surprised by Yue Fei's improvisation. He asked Yue Fei to invite his mother Yao to an important meeting.
When the Wangs arrived, they asked Yao if he agreed to let Yue Fei be his adopted son and student. Yao agreed, so Yue Fei had his own seat the next day.
For the sake of his poor family, Zhou Dong was worried that other students would discriminate against him, so he made the four of them become sworn.
So he began to teach Yue Fei martial arts.
Six years later, Zhou Dong took his disciples to meet an old friend, who was the abbot of a temple on Liquan Mountain.
Thirteen-year-old Yue Fei wandered to the back hill and found Liquan Cave, where there was a big demon snake.
The demon snake pounced on Yue Fei, but Yue Fei flashed by, grabbed the tail of the snake with superhuman strength and kept pulling. Finally, it died and became a golden pike 15 feet long (about 5.5 meters), named "James Li".
After returning home, Zhou Dong began to teach all his disciples to practice eighteen kinds of weapons, archery and fighting skills.
Three years later, Zhou Dong took them to Tangyin to participate in a martial arts competition. Yue Fei, who was 16 years old at that time, hit the bull's-eye 200 steps away with nine arrows and won the first place in the archery competition.
After the game, Zhou Dong's old friend and magistrate Tang Yin (official name? Li Chun asked Yue Fei if he wanted to marry his daughter. After answering, everyone went back.
Soon, Li Chun wrote a marriage letter and sent it to Qilinzhuang.
Zhou Dong and Yue Fei immediately went to Tangyin at dusk to thank Li Chun for his generosity and kindness.
Li Chun hosted a banquet.
Li Chun then asked Yue Fei to choose one of his 100 horses, because a soldier must have a strong mount.
After the banquet, the two thanked each other again and then went home.
On the way, Zhou Dong proposed to test the horsepower, and Yue Fei quickly overtook Zhou Dong to make him catch up. After returning to the village, Zhou Dong went to his study and took off his coat. Because it was too hot, he fell ill and stayed in bed for seven days. Later, the book described his death and funeral.
On September 14th, the seventeenth year of Xuanhe, he was seventy-nine.
Yue Fei wept bitterly, and everyone was sad.
At that time, the generals prepared their clothes and coffins, and the coffin stopped at Wangjiazhuang, and invited the monk to pay a 7749 ceremony and sent it to the mountain side of Liquan for burial.
Yue Fei set up a shack next to his curtain and stayed awake from winter to March of the following year. His sworn brother came to tear down his shack and urged him to go back and take care of his mother.
The date of Zhou Dong's death in the novel is not credible, not only because the contents in the book are fictitious, but also because the figure of Xuanhe (119 ~1125) only took seven years instead of seventeen.
Although Zhou Dong died before Yue Fei got married in the book, it was actually after her marriage.
According to Shuo Yue, Zhou Dong had a son, but he said that his wife and children both died in the war with Lu Junyi.
In the legend, his wife's name is Meng and his son's name is Zhou Yunqing.
He married her in a competition, and then they beat the thief in the Stone Buddha Temple.
And his son married Zhang Xuelian and got a boat pass.
When Zhou Yunqing appeared, he was a brave and impulsive young man. He was flattered into the enemy camp and eventually died in the Song and Xia Wars. After his son died, Zhou Dong lived in seclusion in Suoguo Temple for a period of time, and then adopted Yue Fei, a seven-year-old boy whose father was drowned in the flood, as his adopted son.
Zhou Dong saw that Yue Fei was burly and young, but he was very old-fashioned. He ordered Wang Gui to sit in a chair and asked Yue Fei to sit down. He asked, "Is this beautiful sentence on the wall worthy of respect? 』
Yue Fei blushed and said, "That boy is young and ignorant, and he was arrogant for a while. I hope the old man will forgive me! 』
Zhou Dong asked yue fei again, "do you have something? 』
Yue Fei replied, "This is the word' Ju Peng', which was given by our ancestors.
』
Zhou Dong said, "As the name implies.
Which teacher taught you to write? 』
.......
Zhou Dong said, "I dare not be rude.
Look at your son's ambition to write poetry, and he will make great achievements in the future.
However, unfortunately, the famous teacher has no choice but to pull it out. This is called "the jade is not cut, and the instrument is not cut." I'm not bragging, but I have a skill. I passed on two disciples, both of whom were killed by treacherous court officials.
Although these three pupils have been taught a lesson now, they should not say it in front of Mr. Wang and An Ren. How can your son be such a hero? Moth's theory is nothing more than adoption. It doesn't change its name or surname. As long as it is right, it recognizes the father and son, so that the old people can pass on their life skills to one person wholeheartedly.
Later, a hundred years later, as long as your son buried my old bones in the ground, it would be over.
I hope the people of Angola are magnanimous! 』」
However, comparing the events in fictional literature such as Shuo Yue with the explanation of Zhongxing Yue in Wang Zhuan in 16 BC, the literary critic Professor Xia Zhiqing thinks: "My father-in-law did not die in the flood. Although Yue Fei has many memories of respecting (not Dong) as his father, he is not his adoptive father after all.
Biography of Betty Wong is one of Yue Fei's earliest "four historical novels". Although many legendary stories have been added, the stories written by Xiong (about 1552 BC) are mainly based on historical materials, including Zi Jian Gang by Zhu, Biography by Yue Fei and History of Song Dynasty.
Therefore, Shuo Yue can be said to be the first mature novel describing Yue Fei's adoption in a fictional form.
Zhou Dong is often described as a tall man with a strong and pleasant voice.
The impression of modern people mostly comes from Yangzhou critic Wang Shaotang (1889 ~ 1968), who was called "the master of chinese odyssey" by Wei Badal, a folk story collector, and described by Wang Shaotang as "over 50 years old, standing about eight feet upright. His face is golden brown, his eyebrows are arched, his eyes are bright, his head is straight, his mouth is square, his ears are prominent, and he has three locks of beard under his chin. He is wearing a sky-blue satin scarf, a gorgeous sky-blue satin coat and a silk belt, a pair of wide black trousers without crotch and a pair of thin satin boots!
Heroes and religious experts are always different from ordinary people, which is a recurring theme in China folklore.
For example, Song Wu is said to be nine feet tall, while Yue Fei of Yue Yue competes with two sergeants, one nine feet tall and the other eight feet tall.
Zhang Daoling, a Taoist master, is said to be seven feet tall.
Zhou Dong said in Yangzhou Pingzhuan that "the dialect is official and white", which is the characteristic of martial arts heroes, especially those who are highly respected or sometimes a few people will be regarded as heroes.
"Dialect and official vernacular" is a language that mixes two ways of dialogue.
Dialect is neat and rhythmic, probably influenced by northern opera.
On the other hand, Guan Bai uses impressive monologues or dialogues, which means that Zhou Dong is regarded as a respected hero.
Through the analysis of Yangzhou Pinghua, Badal thinks that in the folk stories about Zhou Dong and Song Wu, they are described in different ways. Song Wu used dialects, but he spoke Mandarin with no voice (short throat), while Zhou Dong did the opposite.
Therefore, she thinks that there should be at least two kinds of dialogues in Fangkou, one is Song Wu style without entering tone, and the other is Zhou Dong style with entering tone.
Lin Chong and Lu Junyi in Water Margin were mentioned as disciples in Yue Yue, but they didn't appear in the main plot and were killed before being invited by the Wangs.
In fact, Zhou Dong is called their master, which is a recurring element in China traditional literature.
Heroes in the legends of Tang and Song Dynasties are said to be directed by immortals, who are generally Taoist mythical figures before practicing martial arts.
Xia Zhiqing believed that this writing originated from Guiguzi, the teacher of Sun Bin and Pang Juan, a strategist in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and came from the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Seven Kingdoms.
Xia said that Qian only connected with the characters in the Water Margin because "in most martial arts novels, a master of a natural god will have at least two apprentices", but on this basis, Qian was subverted and wrote that he was an ordinary person, but his apprentice was different from ordinary people.
(Lin Chong and Lu Junyi are the reincarnation of the stars, and Yue Fei is the incarnation of Goruda/Dapeng.
)
Lin, Lu and communication began in the Qing Dynasty, but met Wang Shaotang in Bianjing until the 20th century.
Zhou Dong taught Song Wu the "dragon rolling" style.
Yes, there are ten branches in Song Wu.
(Ten Chapters of Song Wu), which was later compiled into a book and published as Song Wu in 1959.
In the end, it influenced the legends of Zhou Dong and Zhou Dong. In the final version, Song Wuxue will poke his own feet.
Wang Shaotang described Zhou Dong as a famous old fencing master in Jianghu.
He became a monk with sworn brothers. According to Xia, this is because he is one of the most popular characters in Water Margin.
Zhou Dong was also given the title of "Iron Arm" and was later used in "The Legend of Zhou Dong's Iron Arm Golden Knife". The story does not elaborate on the origin, but only mentions that he can control the gas hardening body parts in the body, thus breaking the defensive martial arts such as "iron cloth shirt".
In addition, his nickname is similar to "Iron Arm" Cai Fu. The latter reason is that he can wield a broadsword easily, and he is often confused with "Little Overlord" Zhou Tong because of homonym.
In the novel, Yue Fei is both civil and military, even surpassing Lin and Lu.
After getting the Liquan gun, Zhou Dong taught four people eighteen kinds of weapons, but each had his own expertise.
Yue Fei and Tang Huai used guns, Zhang Xian used hook and sickle guns, Wang Gui used crescent knives, and everyone mastered archery.
In York's biography, these teenagers were called grandfather's childhood friends, but they were never Zhou Dong's disciples.
What modern martial artists or books say is completely different from what historical materials or scholars infer. For example, Jwing-Ming Yang, a martial artist, said that Zhou Dong was a scholar who studied martial arts at Shaolin Temple and later took Yue Fei as a tenant in Han Qi. During this period, he learned the functions of various weapons, riding and fighting skills.
Yue Fei therefore created Xingyiquan and Eagle Claw, which is considered to benefit from Zhou Dong's teaching.
However, historian Xia Weiming pointed out that this kind of martial arts developed from Shaolin School in the late Ming Dynasty. According to the Biography of Ji and the records of Qing Dynasty, he believed that Xingyiquan was created by the sharpshooter Ji (about AD 165 1) hundreds of years after Yue Fei died unjustly.
Besides, Han Qi in the story died as early as 30 years ago. Historically, Yue Fei went to Han Qi as a tenant and servant after his father died. Before that, he had learned skills from Zhou Dong.
The eagle claw masters Liang Shuming and Lily Liu think they are monks who practiced martial arts with Yue Fei in Shaolin. Taught him a lot of martial arts related to hands, which made Yue Fei create eagle fist.
Liang Shouyu said that people in Emei Dapeng Light Industry School thought that Zhou Dong studied martial arts with Zhou Dong since childhood and became the first master in China many years later.
Legend has it that Zhou Dong once took Yue Fei into seclusion and made great contributions to him.
Yuan Mankai, a master of mantis boxing, said that Yue Fei and Liangshan heroes were both disciples of Zhou Dong.
Yue Fei also became the pioneer of the mantis boxing "Black Hu Taoxin".
Although martial arts historian Danli Henning believes that Yue Fei's life experience has nothing to do with martial arts, "it is almost certain that he practiced some empty surgery" to lay the foundation for equipment training, but he does not think that he initiated anything.
There is not enough historical data to prove that Zhou Dong knows other martial arts besides archery, and contemporary literature does not mention that he taught Yue Fei fighting skills.
Nevertheless, martial arts novels and folk stories have given him many martial arts and superhuman abilities, including master archery, double swords, marksmanship combined with Wudang hard qigong, five steps and thirteen shots to poke his feet and even see through his eyes.
Moreover, in Wang Shaotang's story, he is also the master of Drunken Eight Immortals.
Zhou Dong is also associated with other martial arts because of his historical or fictional disciples, such as eagle claw, foot poking, Xingyiquan and so on, and is regarded as a master of various schools because of his relationship with Yue Fei.
Yuan Mankai thought that Lin Chong and Yue Fei were from the same school, and later combined the essence of the other seventeen schools to create the mantis boxing.
/kloc-Eighteen martial arts books were collected in the 0 ~ (th) century, among which Lin Chong and Yan Qing, the earliest Shaolin masters, were among them. That is to say, Yuanyang Leg and Ground Fight are considered to belong to two schools, not the same school.
However, it is credible that mantis boxing was created in the Ming Dynasty and absorbed the essence of eighteen martial arts since the Song Dynasty.
Yuan Mankai also said that Lu Junyi taught Yan Qing what he learned from Zhou Dong.
Few books mention who Zhou Dong studied under, while the legend in Zhou Dong says that he studied under Shaolin master Tan Zhengfang.
Foot massage school said that he learned it from Deng Liang, the founder of the school and a Taoist priest in the Song Dynasty.
Qiaokejiaquan is thought to have originated from Yue Fei, who learned it from Hande, a great warrior in Shaanxi.
Zhou Dong appeared in novels, comics, film and television dramas and other media.
In "Yue Shuo" and "Biography of Zhou Dong with an Iron Arm and a Golden Knife", his appearance is attributed to his brother Kim Tae.
A recent illustrated novel, Shuo Yue, deleted all mythological elements and tried to be close to historical facts.
There is no trip to Hebei and Huguang by Zhou Dong in the book, but he visited an old friend who has become a general from Shaanxi to Bianjing.
He saw the imperial buildings in the capital, and the ruling Cai Jing and Wangfu were extravagant. It is said that eunuchs all get rich by high positions.
After finding his old friend, he sadly found that his old friend was in prison and would be transported to a desolate place.
He was sentenced for learning that his old friend had offended powerful people.
Being short of money, he had to visit Wang Ming, a good friend of Huguang (not Hebei).
Another difference is that Yue Fei hit a demon snake.
In this story, Yue Fei was with Zhou Dong when he visited the abbot, but his sworn brother went out for a walk.
Zhou Dong watched the abbot's test on Yue Fei: moving a bronze furnace weighing 300 Jin that has been here since the Han Dynasty.
The abbot then sent a military book about Yue Fei's heroic deeds in the Liao and Xia wars. But after making peace, he chose to become a monk, gave himself a dharma name, and taught young people martial arts nearby. Because there is no successor, he intends to teach Yue Fei his unique marksmanship and weapon use.
Zhou Dong refused at first, but later agreed to take it as a witness of friendship.
There is another book that greatly changed the story of Zhou Dong. Like at first, Zhou Dong became a teacher of the Wangs, but when people nearby heard that he was coming, they all sent their children to study.
He had to test them and chose his friend's son as his disciple and Yue Fei as his adopted son.
A few years later, instead of taking his disciples to see the abbot, he took them to the mountains to teach the art of war. Yue Fei noticed the difficulties of his disciples when they were separated in the forest exploration, and planned to find and save them.
He met a terrible snake. After killing it with a sword, Yue Fei found a shiny gun in the cave and reported it to Zhou Dong when he came back.
Because of his training for them and the cold air on the mountain.
Zhou Dong fell ill and died.
Yue Fei is not the only one guarding the mausoleum. The disciples built a shack and kept it alive for a hundred days before going home.
These things happened three years before Zhou Dong died in Shuo Yue.
Sometimes Zhou Dong's stories are used for education.
Middle schools in Hong Kong let students know the value of teachers' spirit by reading the mentoring stories of Zhou Dong and Yue Fei.
There is a story in Children's Pictorial (a magazine suitable for children aged two to seven) called "Yue Fei learns to shoot", telling readers that it takes effort to achieve something.
This story tells the story of a young Yue Fei who happened to see Zhou Dong's training while collecting firewood in a nearby town.
He asked to be a disciple, but Zhou Dong said he must hone his excellent eyesight, which can be improved by staring at the morning sun.
After years of persistence, Yue Fei can keep an eye on a flying goose in the distance, or two cicadas on a tree in the Woods.
Zhou Dong accepted him as a formal disciple and adopted son. Under his training, Yue Fei mastered eighteen weapons and could shoot a leaf a hundred paces away.
Robert Ripalullo also mentioned him in the mystery novel Deadlock (2009).
First appeared in the dialogue between the main characters in Chapter 8: john hutchinson (reporter) stopped a crazy millionaire and his plan.
And his friend's son Tommy Tam, who is an avid archer.
When Hutchinson asked him if he had heard of Howard Haier, an actor who won the Gong Yuan Prize, Tommy Tam replied, "I don't think so ... You told me about Zhou Dong.
"Ha Qin said," Ah, yes, Zhou Dong handed over the best archer in the history of the Song Dynasty, but Howard was the best.
In Chapter 50, hutchins tracked a killer through an airport, and the internal broadcast suddenly began to play "Mr. Zhou Dong". When it rang again, Heqin thought, "Zhou Dong was a famous archery and martial arts teacher in the Song Dynasty.
Tommy Tam once mentioned something about him in a conversation with me, because he combined archery with self-cultivation.
He is my inspiration.
Tommy Tam felt it and wanted to know anything about them.
"He finally understood that this notice was made by Tommy Tam's mother Lola, in order to attract his attention and remind him that it was a trap, but it was too late when he noticed it.
In the 1940s and 1960s, some actors played Zhou Dong in movies.
Including Huang Shounian, Li Ming and Jing Cibo.
Jing Cibo and ten-year-old Sammo Hung play the role of Yue Fei, a teenager.
Yu, an old martial arts actor who played the villain Wang Renze in Jet Li's Shaolin Temple, said in an interview in 2005 that he would never shave off his signature beard, even if the producer asked him to, because he hoped to have a chance to play it in the future. "He is an outstanding figure in the history of the Song Dynasty, and many Liangshan heroes are his apprentices.
He is so important in the history of Wushu that many people want to play him.
」