According to historical records, in Shang Dynasty, due to the increase of wars between governors, rulers attached importance to military training. In addition to training regular troops, they also provided military education to nobles at all levels through schools.
Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, official courses have been divided into "Chinese Studies" and "Rural Studies", with two levels: "Primary School" and "University", in which "University" takes "Six Arts" (etiquette, music, archery, imperial examination, calligraphy and mathematics) as the standard courses, in which archery and imperial examination are military training and teachers are usually officers.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, for the ordinary people who were "soldiers and peasants", the more important military training and actual combat exercises were to participate in wild hunting. In addition, the rehearsal of combat dance ("martial dance") was also an important item of military training in various countries during the Spring and Autumn Period.
Before the establishment of the unified regime, Qin attached great importance to military training in schools. However, after the unified regime became the Qin Dynasty, the school military training was depressed in the Han Dynasty, but there was still military training in local school education.
When Wang Mang was in power in the Eastern Han Dynasty, scholar Liu Kun led more than 500 disciples to practice martial arts every spring and autumn. Wang Mang suspected that he was up to no good, so he and his family were detained. It can be seen that he mainly taught Confucian classics at that time, but also included military training such as shooting and defense.
In the Sui Dynasty, "Yan Wu Wen Xiu" reduced its military equipment, and imperial examinations began to become the mainstream. After the separation of civil and military, the civil and military training in schools was gradually cancelled.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the national policy of emphasizing martial arts in wartime and emphasizing literature in peacetime was established, but the method of selecting scholars in the Tang Dynasty still emphasized the imperial examination, and the school became an appendage of the imperial examination, and military training in the school was abolished. The status of military commanders in Song Dynasty was completely surpassed by literati. .
At the beginning of the founding of the Qing Dynasty, both civil and military education were emphasized. From official studies, Chinese studies to local studies, school courses are mostly both civil and military, and riding and shooting classes are offered. In the liberal arts exam, try riding and shooting first, and those children of the Eight Banners who failed in martial arts are not allowed to take the literary field. As a result, school military training has been widely popularized and people have followed suit. However, the school's military training has not made great progress.
From 65438 to 0894, the fiasco of the Sino-Japanese War made the whole Qing Dynasty realize the importance of "Qiang Bing Martial Arts". 1902, Cai E published "Military Nationals" in Xinmin Cong Bao, advocating "military nationalism" and conducting military training for nationals. In the same year, Jiang Baili published "Military National Education", proposing that schools should increase military courses and require military officers to impart national defense knowledge such as military system, strategy and tactics to students. 1906, the Qing government promulgated the "Essentials of Education", which included military education as an educational purpose, and officially promulgated the measures for military training in schools.
Extended data:
China's military training is conducted in accordance with the National Defense Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Education Law of the People's Republic of China, the Military Service Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the National Defense Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Decision on Education System Reform. Military training is the basic form for students to receive national defense education, an important measure to cultivate "four haves" talents, and an extremely effective means to train and reserve our army's reserve soldiers and reserve officers and strengthen national defense forces.
Military training content
According to the Military Service Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), People's Republic of China (PRC) implements the "two combination" military service system, and young people of school age perform their military service obligations in two forms: active service and reserve service. However, the number of people who are recruited for active service and join the militia reserve force for reserve service every year is limited. In order to ensure the balanced performance of military service obligations, it is the basic form for ordinary college and high school students to participate in military training.
Since the end of the 20th century, high school students and college students have gradually become the main body of soldiers in People's Republic of China (PRC). Pre-service education for them before enlistment can shorten the distance from civilians to soldiers and shorten the training time of single subjects and common subjects after enlistment. Therefore, military training for students is a training camp for training high-quality reserve soldiers. At the same time, according to the Military Service Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), students' military training is also an important way to train reserve officers and plays an important role in improving the reserve system.
The main contents of military training for college and senior high school students are usually: morning exercises, three-step walking, movements between stations, housekeeping, queue training, military parade and discrete training, and military boxing. In the evening, various activities are usually arranged, such as lectures on national defense knowledge and learning to sing military songs. At first, many schools also organized long-distance training and shooting, but by 20 10, some schools had given up these projects [28], but many schools continued to carry out these projects. The object of military training is generally freshmen, usually in class. As the first large-scale group activity in the class, military training can enhance the understanding between students. Queue training in military training can also cultivate the cooperative ability among class members.
The military training time in ordinary high schools is generally about one week, and it is usually arranged before and after the start of the first year of high school.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia: Military Training