I. Homework 1
Teacher Li's practice can be explained by Skinner's theory of children's behavior reinforcement control. He believes that human behavior is mostly operational, and any learned behavior is related to timely reinforcement. Children's behavior can be shaped by reinforcement. Skinner pointed out that external reinforcement is the basis of shaping children's behavior. As long as we understand the reinforcement effect, manipulate the reinforcement technology and apply reinforcement in time and effectively, we can control the behavioral response and shape a kind of children's behavior that educators expect at will. Teacher Li applied the theory of intensified control in her teaching. It is a child's bad behavior to scribble homework. A neat homework, with a small red flower, three small red flowers in a row, a big seal of "first class" and two "first class" in a row, will be rewarded with a small cartoon and put on the honor roll. This is a positive strengthening way. The so-called positive reinforcement is due to the fact that the addition of some stimulus enhances the role of operational response probability. Teacher Li's constant stimulation has corrected the original habit of scribbling homework and developed in a good direction, but the emphasis is on providing students with all kinds of resources needed for learning and simplifying the practical steps that students must go through when using resources.
Second, homework 2
Kindergarten teachers mainly adopt Skinner's operational learning theory. Skinner believes that human behavior is mostly operational, and any learned behavior is related to reinforcement. External reinforcement is the basis of shaping children's behavior. As long as we understand the reinforcement effect, manipulate the reinforcement technology and apply reinforcement in time and effectively, we can control the behavioral response and shape a kind of children's behavior that educators expect.
Reinforcement is divided into positive reinforcement (positive reinforcement) and negative reinforcement (negative reinforcement). "Whoever can lie in bed first 10 minutes, will play with toys first", which is positive reinforcement; "Whoever doesn't sleep at noon today can't play with toys in the afternoon" adopts negative reinforcement. Whether it is positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement, their result is to increase the reaction probability.
Three. Homework 3
Diagnosis: Li Xiaohui has fallen into a learned helplessness-like situation because of his repeated academic failures since he entered junior high school.
Analysis: learned helplessness's sense refers to the individual's psychological state that he feels uncontrollable and powerless about the result of his behavior because of his persistent failure experience. There are two reasons for Li Xiaohui's situation: one is his own factors. He wrongly blamed the failure on the inside. Internal attribution means that people attribute their failure to their own factors, such as ability and personality, and think that they can't control their own behavior, which leads to personal powerlessness. Second, external reasons. First of all, in the process of education, schools and families pay too much attention to external strengthening means such as exams, scores, competitions and rankings to motivate students to learn, but seriously ignore the cultivation and mobilization of students' internal motivation. Therefore, an occasional poor performance made Li Xiaohui feel that he was poor in all aspects, and then he lost confidence in himself. Secondly, the math teacher's serious mistakes in the way of education also made him completely lose his self-esteem and self-confidence, which made the student feel more helpless.
Countermeasures: 1, take various measures to cultivate his intrinsic motivation, for example, use his hobbies such as reading newspapers, playing computer, playing basketball and mathematics to skillfully realize motivation transfer; 2. Take various measures to eliminate his sense of powerlessness in study and enhance his sense of academic self-efficacy. If we can start from the following aspects (1), the teacher should encourage his progress in time, create a certain environment so that he can get corresponding results as long as he works hard, and timely evaluate and feedback his learning results, such as homework tests, so that he can feel the effectiveness of his behavior, and in addition, he can set some specific small goals for him, so that he can easily see his achievements. (2) Attribution training can be conducted to guide him to make positive attribution. (3) Cultivate his will, enhance his immunity, let him set a clear and appropriate goal, and learn to adjust the goal in time according to his actual situation, overcome inferiority, enhance self-confidence, believe in his own ability, and believe that no pains, no gains.
Four. Homework 4
1, Zhang Ming's bad habit is a psychological problem. The reason is that he attacked people when he was young, but he was not corrected in time, and even became a bad habit. In the process of growing up, he was healthy and energetic, and fighting became one of his ways to vent his excess energy. Because of the lack of moral will, although he knew it was not good, he couldn't control himself.
2. Parents' problems: Early education for children is a failure. It may be that they don't pay attention to it and think that fighting between children doesn't matter; It is also possible that the method is simple and causes children's rebellious psychology, so the work is done and the effect is not ideal.
3. Teacher's question: The teacher is worried about such a problem and has done the work, but the methods may be improper, such as expressing feelings seriously, expressing emotions, paying equal attention to kindness and prestige, and so on.
4. Suggestion: (1) On the one hand, teachers and parents should have confidence and continue to work. After all, the number of fights between Zhang Ming is decreasing, which should be consolidated; (2) Consult a psychologist and correct it through behaviorism therapy; (3) Encourage Zhang Ming to take part in beneficial physical exercise or public welfare work, so that his extra energy can be eliminated through the right channels, and at the same time, he can also carry out willpower training.
Verb (short for verb) Homework 5
In this case, through learning, Mr. Li realized that learning to learn is the first need for future social survival, so he strongly advocated the concept that "students' mastery of learning methods is more important than just acquiring some knowledge" in his classroom, which is correct. The original intention and thinking of teacher Li's educational reform are correct and beyond reproach.
Teacher Li's practice is actually the teaching of learning strategies. Learning strategy teaching refers to a teaching activity that systematically teaches students learning methods, approaches and strategies, so that students can finally learn to learn. The strategy in learning strategy teaching does not point to a specific method or requirement, but an abstract and general method. This teaching method should follow the following basic requirements: first, learning strategy teaching is a form of analyzing teaching tasks and setting appropriate strategies for specific situations; Second, the teaching of learning strategies should be based on students' learning styles and characteristics; Thirdly, the teaching of learning strategies should be based on students mastering some specific skills, knowledge and skills; Fourthly, in most teaching situations, learning strategies usually serve the creative teaching goals, not the knowledge goals. Teacher Li has expounded all kinds of learning methods in theory many times. Although students have mastered certain learning strategies in theory, they will not apply these learning strategies to the study of various subjects, but will affect the study of other subjects.
Therefore, teachers should pay attention to: first, clearly tell students how to use specific methods and demonstrate them; Secondly, students are emphasized to manage strategy learning by themselves, but teachers should tell students when and how to check the effect of their strategy use; Third, provide sufficient time; Fourth, teachers should constantly reflect on their own strategy teaching practice and adjust the problems in teaching in time. Specific ways can be combined with solving practical problems, trying to monitor and personally guide teachers, and implementing learning strategy teaching step by step in each class.
Another answer: Through study, Mr. Li realized that learning to learn is the first need for future social survival, so he strongly advocated the concept that "it is more important for students to master learning methods than just acquire some knowledge" in his own classroom, which is correct. The original intention and thinking of teacher Li's educational reform are correct and beyond reproach.
According to the relevant theories of educational psychology, students acquire declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge in different ways. The former is obtained through teaching, observation and understanding, while the latter can only be formed through a lot of practice and practice. Teacher Li attaches importance to the study of learning methods, regardless of the knowledge intake of specific courses. He saw no trees in the forest, and the result was definitely not good. At the same time, the teaching reform can not be divorced from the psychological characteristics of students, but should be carried out within the acceptable range of students.
Teacher Li's teaching reform is not satisfactory because of the specific operation mode. Because any learning method is a specific knowledge or course learning method, if it is separated from the specific knowledge or course learning, it will not have a good effect to simply tell various learning methods repeatedly and comprehensively in theory.
Advice to Mr. Wang: Provide students with different learning methods according to different course knowledge; According to the individual differences of students, different learning strategies are provided to improve students' interest in learning, thus improving learning quality and grades.