Link:/s/1m6kzoeqp2empunko3mwsa
Password: vs2y Title: Sinking
Author: Ran
Douban score: 8. 1
Publishing House: Nanfang Publishing House
Publication year: 1999
Page count: 496 pages
Content introduction:
Yu Jie: Education in Mountainous Areas of China —— Comment on "Sinking —— Crisis and Criticism of Education in China"
Yu Jie
In the half century since 1949, we have experienced too many mistakes and gained too many lessons. Some mistakes can be made up, but some mistakes are and will become great obstacles to the development and progress of the Chinese nation for a long time. It has been pointed out that the biggest mistake is education, and the evil consequences caused by the direction of education will not be seen in the short term. The more you can't see it for a while, the more problems you accumulate and the greater the hidden consequences. Why on the one hand, education itself is full of crises, on the other hand, everyone adopts the ostrich policy and avoids talking about it? In my opinion, the fundamental reason is that in recent ten years, many China intellectuals have given up the role of "social conscience" and the mission of realistic criticism, and become "experts" in a certain field with a clear conscience. Even many professors in colleges and universities are indifferent to the present educational situation. They not only lost their basic functions as "intellectuals", but also failed to fulfill their duties as ordinary citizens. When I read my friend Ran Yunfei's masterpiece "Spring Sinked in 1999, the last spring of the 20th century", I seemed to hear the cold sound of an axe breaking the ice. I haven't heard this voice for a long time.
There are three lines in the book that are sinking. The first clue is to show the present situation of education in China. From primary education to secondary education, from university education to normal education and adult education, from macro educational ideas, educational concepts and policies to micro teachers, textbook compilation and curriculum setting. It is almost a "fish that slips through the net", but it is focused and orderly. The richness of materials and the accuracy of arguments complement each other. For example, when analyzing the examination system, the author starts with the "homicide score" and goes deep into the examination "hereditary disease" mentioned by Mr. Lu Xun in "The National Character of China", which naturally reveals that the root of education in China lies in "holding people down and treating them as slaves". The second clue is to sort out the history of education development in China vertically, and trace the root of the disease back to the long autocratic era in China. As Premier Zhu said, realistic China is an extension of historical China. Then, the current crisis and disadvantages of education are inextricably linked with traditional education. The third main line is the horizontal comparison of western advanced educational thoughts. The author always compares the tradition and reality of education in China with the tradition and reality of western education as a mirror. This very useful mirror truly shows the problems existing in education in China. For example, when analyzing the cultural and philosophical background of Chinese and western education, the author points out that humanistic education has been the mainstream of the West since ancient Greece. In sharp contrast, China's education is based on enlightenment and regards people as a tool of domestication. Obviously, it is difficult to establish this frame of reference without a deep understanding of western educational thought. The three lines of the book are in perfect harmony, and the beauty is like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade.
Real education is the education that liberates people and leads them to a freer realm. As early as the 1920s, Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator, suggested that educators should "create a living person who is true, good and beautiful" and "teach people to be masters of themselves, the country and the world". Tao Xingzhi believes that a country "if it is a modern country, if it is a country of the modern world, then its education cannot go against the educational trend of the times and the world, but is accompanied by competition." More than 70 years later, we read these words of Tao Xingzhi again and almost died of shame. In the section "The Right to Play and Physical and Mental Health", Ran described the tragic situation that children in China were deprived of the minimum right to play. The United Nations Convention on the Protection of Children's Rights solemnly declares that play is the right of children. However, six years after China announced that it had signed the Convention, few parents and teachers took it seriously. The right of primary and secondary school students to have fun is not respected. A middle school student adapted the love pop song "I love you the most" into this: "The person with the heaviest schoolbag is me, and the person who does the most homework is me. Who gets up the earliest and goes to bed the latest is me, me or me ... "People can't help laughing, but they feel very bitter. Originally, children should grow up in games, gain knowledge and physical exercise through games, learn to live from them, and form a sound personality, that is, modern people with "healthy physique, farmers' skills, scientific mind, artistic taste and social spirit" as Tao Xingzhi said. However, boring textbooks, complicated contents, outdated teaching methods and great pressure to enter higher schools make students in a state of tension for a long time, lose their imagination and creativity, lack basic sense of responsibility and obligation, and at most become tools to master certain skills. The author concludes: "It has become a stubborn disease in China's education not to treat people as living things and different individuals." After reading this, I have a little conscience, how can I not be saddened! Fortunately, the leadership has begun to pay attention to these problems, and the recent "burden reduction" of primary and secondary school students reflects that some measures are being introduced.
Shen is actually talking about some "common sense". However, due to various reasons, this common sense has long been covered up and concealed. Affirming this common sense is even more important than inventing a new educational method. The problem of education is not too complicated, as everyone knows. However, no one will pierce this paper. Ran Yunfei himself said that he wrote this book from the standpoint of a "citizen", which moved me very much. He didn't speak condescendingly as an expert and scholar, but realized his responsibilities and obligations as a modern citizen. In his book, he repeatedly emphasized that "students should receive civic education that respects individuality, individuality, creativity, development potential, rights and responsibilities from an early age." He pointedly pointed out that the current so-called "moral education" is full of false, big, empty and dead knowledge, unattainable examples and irrelevant good deeds, which has seriously conflicted with the ideological resources needed to vigorously promote the market economy today. Only by attaching importance to "citizen" education can we cultivate a new generation of citizens who really adapt to the development of modern society. Civic education should follow the principle of respecting individual development and freedom, and respecting individual rights and other rights.
Sinking is a book written by an ordinary China citizen with conscience, blood and reason. It is worth reading by every conscientious, bloody and rational ordinary citizen of China.
Excerpted from the fourth issue of Extensive Reading in 2000.
About the author:
Jean Yun Fei
Writers of Sichuan Writers Association. /kloc-0 was born in youyang, Chongqing in 1965, and/kloc-0 graduated from the Chinese Department of Sichuan University in 1987. He has written more than a dozen monographs, such as Falling: Crisis and Criticism of Education in China, I Talk about Zhuangzi, Entering Chengdu from the Side of History, Sharp Autumn: Rilke, Pioneer in Trap: Borges, etc. He has won more than ten awards, and some of his works have been selected as high school Chinese reading materials.