Wang Wei was a very famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, who was called a poet. He is called Wang Youcheng because his office is a senior official.

The date of Wang Wei's birth is still a mystery. Both biographies of the Tang Dynasty recorded 665,438+0 when Wang Wei died. The New Book of Tang Dynasty says that he died in the early Yuan Dynasty, the Old Book of Tang Dynasty says that he died in July of the second year of Shang Dynasty (76 1), and Volume XIII of Records of the Buddha also says that Wang Wei died in the second year of Shang Dynasty. According to the year of death of 6 1 year, he was born in the first year of Chang 'an (70 1 year) after Wu, the same year as the great poet Li Bai. But Wang Jin is Wang Wei's younger brother, the official to the prime minister, and two books in the Tang Dynasty? Wang Jinchuan recorded that he died in the second year of Jianzhong (78 1) at the age of 82, while Tuizhi was born in the first year of Emperor Wuhou IX (700), but his younger brother was born one year earlier than his older brother. According to Zhao Diancheng's Chronicle of Youcheng and Chen Tiemin's Chronicle of Wang Wei, Wang Wei was born in the first year of Chang 'an (70 1) and died in the second year of Shangyuan (76 1).

Wang Wei's native place is also controversial. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty said that Wang Wei was from Taiyuan, Qi, and later moved to Hedong. The Intersection of the Two Poles, edited by Yao in the Tang Dynasty, said that Wang Wei was from Hedong, and Zhang Yanyuan's famous paintings in previous dynasties also said that he was from Taiyuan. According to Wang Jin, Wang Wei's younger brother, the old book in the Tang Dynasty said that he was from the River, and the new book in the Tang Dynasty said that he was from Taiyuan, a Qi people, and later lived in the River. Puji is located in Yongji County, Shaanxi Province. In the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (742), it was renamed Hedong County, and in the third year of Gan Yuan (760), it was promoted to He Zhongfu, so it was also called Hedong and He Zhong. It is generally believed that Wang Wei's ancestral home is in Qixian County, Taiyuan (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province) and belongs to the Wang family in Taiyuan. After he left the noble family, Li Guan was from Zhou Pu and Hedong. In this way, Wang Wei and Liu Zongyuan, a great writer and thinker later than him, are fellow villagers.

Wang Wei has been clever since he was a child. He was not only able to write poems and articles at the age of nine, but also became a famous poet between Kaiyuan and Tianbao. He also studied cursive script and official script. He is good at the rhythm of silk and bamboo, and he is good at painting. He is a versatile genius. When he was young, he became famous in the capital and was respected by the royal kings. Wang Ning and Wang Xue treat him like teachers and friends. Xue Yong, a native of the Tang Dynasty, recorded in the Collection of Different Records: "Success is weak at the end of the year, and the article is named. Exquisite temperament, wonderful pipa, wandering among nobles, especially among kings. " Wang Wei concentrated on poems such as "Teach Yang from the King of Qi", "Teach Weijiashanchi from the King of Qi's Night Banquet" and "Teach by the King of Qi's Jiucheng Palace for Summer Vacation", indicating that he did have a banquet for the King of Qi in Chang 'an. There is an interesting record about Wang Wei's application in Historical Records. At that time, there was a man named Zhang Jiugao who let people get through the back door of the princess. The princess once instructed Jing Zhao to try the official, and wanted to take Zhang Jiugao as the solution. Wang Wei will also take the initiative to discuss with Wang Qi, hoping to get Wang Qi's recommendation. However, Wang Qi's strength can't compare with the princess, and she can't compete with the princess, so she has to win the princess with Wang Wei's talent. A few days later, Wang Qi asked Wang Wei to put on gorgeous clothes, fresh and refined, and took the pipa to the princess's first house, saying that he had brought wine and music to dinner for the princess. Wang Wei is a white boy with beautiful charm, which is very eye-catching. When the princess saw it, she asked Wang Qi. "Who is this?" Wang Qi replied; "It's a musician." Let Wang Wei sing a new song for the princess. Wang Wei played the pipa in a sad tone, and the whole house was moved. The princess asked Wang Wei directly, "What is this tune?" Wang Wei got up and replied, "It's Yu Lunbao." The princess was very surprised and very happy. The king of Qi took the opportunity to say to the princess, "This man is not only good in temperament, but also better in words. No one can surpass him. " The princess was even more surprised and asked if Wang Wei had written any poems. Wang Wei took out several volumes of poetry from his arms and presented them. When the princess saw it, she said in surprise. "This is what I learned. I thought it was written by the ancients, but it was written by you! " So let Wang Wei change clothes, not as a performer, but as a guest. Wang Wei's charm and witty conversation were highly praised by all the guests in the audience. Seeing that the time was ripe, the King of Qi said, "It will be a national honor if you teach the Jingzhao government to take this person as a solution this year." The princess said, "Then why not teach him to accept the job?" Wang Qi said, "I heard that you asked me to give it to that Zhang Jiugao." The princess smiled and said, "That's because others pleaded, so I want to give it to Zhang Jiugao." Then he turned to Wang Wei and said, "If you want to take the blame, I will fully recommend you." In this way, Wang Wei was recommended again, and Wang Wei was the first to understand. This story may not be completely true, or it may be purely biographical, but it shows that Wang Wei became a great celebrity when he was young. It is a fact that Wang Weizhong is a top scholar. According to textual research, he was the number one scholar in the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), at the age of 2 1.

In the spring of the ninth year of Kaiyuan, after Wang Weizhong won the top prize, he changed from Brown to Tai Lecheng and started his career. However, he was immediately involved in the action of joining the army for Jeju justice because he was forbidden to jump the yellow lion in the department. He left Beijing for Jeju that autumn. Jeju Island is located in the southwest of Renping, Shandong Province. Wang Wei stayed there for more than four years. In the 13th year of Kaiyuan (725), the poet Pei Yaoqing was appointed as the secretariat of Jeju, and Pei was from Hedong. He was treated well by Wang Wei, which made Wang Wei feel a little comforted, but Pei soon went to Xuanzhou, which made Wang Wei feel very sorry. Shortly after Pei Yaoqing left Jeju, Wang Wei also resigned from the judicial army and left Jeju in the spring of the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726).

According to Chen Tiemin's Chronicle of Wang Wei, after leaving Jeju, Wang Wei lived in Qi for two years. In the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan (729), he went to Chang 'an and lived in Chang 'an for several years. When he first arrived in Chang 'an, he began to learn local education from Daoguang Zen master of Dajianfu Temple and met Meng Haoran, a poet. Meng Haoran went to Chang 'an for an exam in the 16th year of Kaiyuan (728), stayed in Chang 'an after finishing the second place in the exam, and returned to Xiangyang the following winter. Wang Wei wrote a poem to bid farewell, saying, "Dumen is unwilling to go out and has been isolated from the world for a long time. Take this as a long-term strategy and advise you to go back to your hometown. " Advise Meng Haoran to go back to his hometown to live in seclusion, and don't have to work hard to come to Chang' an to try for an official. This is because he is not satisfied with winning the first prize, so there is such a thing. As a gifted scholar and a generation of celebrities, Wang Wei was not very proud of this period. Idling around when I was young was certainly not a taste in my heart. Meanwhile, he lost his wife. Wang Wei's wife died in the 19th year of Kaiyuan (73 1), when he was only 3 1 year old. After his wife's death, Wang Wei never remarried. Being single for decades also showed his mentality.

Although Wang Wei advised Meng Haoran to live in seclusion in Lao Lu, his own desire to be an official was not completely extinguished, and he sought an official again because a famous minister was in power. When he lived in Chang 'an, that is, at the age of 34, he went to Luoyang to present poems to Zhang Jiuling, hoping to attract him, and then he hid in Songshan. Luoyang, the capital of Songshan Mountain in the Near East, is hidden here and can stand idly by. The following year, he worshipped the right to collect the skeleton and worked as a court official and supervisor for two years. At the age of 40, he moved to a temple to pass on this advice. He spent many years in seclusion and such official changes, and then he entered middle age. After that, you either remain anonymous or become an official. He is an official of the left, with the Ministry of Finance in the middle. Although his rank is a little high, he is still an idle official to the attendants, and he is always dissatisfied. So another 10 year passed. When Wang Wei was 50 years old, Ding Mu was worried and left Chaoping to live in Wangchuan. After serving, she worked as a doctor in the Ministry of Education for several years. What frustrated his career even more was that he was caught in the rebels in the Anshi Rebellion and offended the Tang Dynasty.

In June of the 15th year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (756), An Lushan rebels were trapped in Tongguan and then invaded Chang 'an. Xuanzong fled to Sichuan, but Wang Wei was captured before he could escape. After being arrested, he took medicine for dysentery and pretended to be ill to avoid trouble. However, An Lushan sent someone to welcome him to Luoyang and detained him in Bordet, regardless of whether he promised or not. In desperation, Wang Wei was given something by An Lushan. But his heart still followed the Tang Dynasty. An Lushan hosted a banquet in Ningbi Palace to entertain his subordinates, but Wang Wei was saddened by it. He secretly wrote a poem: "Every family is sad and wild, when will the officials return to the sky?" . Autumn leaves enter the palace and orchestral strings are played in the pool. "It was this poem that saved his life.

In September and October of the second year of Zhide (757), Tang Jun successively recovered Chang 'an, Luoyang, Wang Wei and other officials who lost power and influence, all of whom were imprisoned and then taken to Chang 'an. By law, these people deserve to die. It was suggested that Wang Weining's poems about the Garden Palace could prove his loyalty to the Tang Dynasty, and his younger brother Wang Jin requested that his official position be reduced to make up for the death penalty. Tang Suzong forgave him, not only didn't kill him, but also gave him the position of Prince Zhongyun, which was a great misfortune. At this time, Wang Wei was 57 years old, approaching his twilight years. Shortly after receiving Prince Zhongyun, he added a bachelor's degree in Jixian Hall, and then moved to the son of Prince Zhongyu in Zhongshu. In the summer of the first year of Shang Yuan (760), 60-year-old Wang Wei was transferred to Shangshu Youcheng, which was the highest and last official position in his life. He only served for one year and died in July of the following year, so later people called him Wang Youcheng.

As a generation of talented people, Wang Wei became famous for his achievements, but throughout his life, he still encountered many ups and downs, was extremely unsuccessful, and even was beheaded. As a poet, Wang Wei was an important poet in the Tang Dynasty and even in ancient China, and his poetry creation was excellent.

Wang Wei is good at all kinds of poetic styles, especially five-character poems and quatrains. The early poems were full of enterprising spirit, mocking the nobles and eunuchs, condemning the boastful children, reflecting the frontier life, expressing the ranger spirit, being impassioned and full of romantic pride. Later poems, because the world is sinister and worships Buddhism, mainly describe pastoral landscapes, express leisure and promote hermit life and Buddhism. There are a large number of pastoral poems written with high artistic achievements, which can best represent Wang Wei's artistic style. For example, a poem named "On the banks of the Hanshui River" describes the magnificent mountains and rivers in Xiangyang from the big picture, with great momentum and broad artistic conception. The couplet "This river crosses the heavens and the earth, and there are both mountains and mountains here" has become a famous sentence throughout the ages. Another example is Autumn on a Mountain, which outlines many special things such as the moonlight, spring flow, bamboo sound, lotus movement and so on with delicate brushstrokes, and presents readers with a fresh, beautiful, beautiful and harmonious mountain color map after the autumn rain. His pastoral poems, exquisite crops, vivid descriptions and picturesque colors. The language is fresh and concise, implicit and vivid. In addition to beautiful poems, Wang Wei was also good at painting and was a famous painter at that time. Su Shi, a great poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "There are pictures in poetry, which are fascinating; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " The evaluation is extremely accurate.

Wang Wei's poetry is unique in the Tang Dynasty and has far-reaching influence. There are now more than 400 poems, some of which have been handed down from generation to generation. Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng's Collection in Qing Dynasty can be used for reference.