First, multiple choice questions

1. The following statement about eukaryotic transcription is wrong.

A.trna, rRNA and mRNA are all transcribed from DNA.

B. Two kinds of RNA and synthesis may occur simultaneously in the same cell.

C. RNA synthesis in cells does not occur outside the nucleus.

D, the transcribed RNA chain is base complementary to the corresponding region of the template chain.

Answer c

RNA synthesis can also occur in mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells.

2. The following statements about cells are wrong.

A. Hormones in animals can participate in information transmission between cells.

B. The dark reaction of mesophyll cell photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast matrix.

Cancer cells are cells with autotrophic ability and rapid proliferation in animals.

D. Apoptosis is a process in which cells automatically end their lives, which is determined by genes.

Answer c

The analysis of cancer cells needs to obtain the nutrients needed for their own proliferation from their living environment, which belongs to heterotrophic type.

3. Draw the action spectrum of plant photosynthesis by measuring the reaction of photosynthesis to light with different wavelengths (such as O2 release). The following statement is wrong.

A. the light energy absorbed by carotenoids in the red light region can be used to synthesize ATP by photoreaction.

B. By measuring the absorption value of chlorophyll to light with different wavelengths, the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll can be drawn.

The spectrum of photosynthesis can also be expressed by the change of CO2 absorption rate with light wavelength.

D. The release of O2 from leaves under 640~660nm wavelength light is caused by the participation of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

Answer a

Carotenoids can only absorb blue-purple light.

4. If a certain amount of 0.9%NaCl solution is injected intravenously, the physiological phenomenon that will happen in a period of time is

A. The osmotic pressure of plasma in vivo is reduced, and it returns to the pre-injection level after the corresponding amount of water is discharged.

B the plasma volume of the body increases, and the osmotic pressure returns to the pre-injection level after the corresponding amount of water is discharged.

C, the body's plasma volume increased, and the corresponding amount of NaCl and water was discharged and then returned to the pre-injection level.

D, the body plasma osmotic pressure increased, and the corresponding amount of NaCl was discharged and then returned to the pre-injection level.

Answer c

Under normal circumstances, water and salt metabolism should be balanced, and how much is in and how much is out.

5. The number of individuals in terrestrial plant population is decreasing. If the density is investigated by sampling method, it is reasonable to do so

A. Mark the individuals in the quadrat and count them.

B. Conduct random sampling and appropriately expand the sample area.

C, adopt equidistant sampling method, and appropriately reduce the number of quadrats.

D, adopt the five-point sampling method, and appropriately reduce the sample area.

Answer b

The analysis sampling method should be random sampling;

Due to the small number of individuals, the quadrat area should be appropriately expanded.

6. The following statements about genotype, traits and environment are incorrect.

A. Two individuals with different heights may have the same or different genotypes.

B. The green seedling of a plant turns yellow in the dark, which is caused by the environment.

The offspring of couples with type C and type O blood are all type O blood, which shows that this trait is determined by genetic factors.

D tall stems and short stems appeared in the offspring of tall-stem pea, which indicated that the related characters were determined by the environment.

Answer d

Analytical traits are determined by genes and influenced by environment.

Third, non-multiple choice questions:

29.(8 points)

Using certain methods to make the cell population in the same stage of cell cycle is called cell cycle synchronization. The following are three ways to synchronize animal cell cycle. Answer the following questions:

(1)DNA synthesis blocking method: adding an appropriate amount of reversible inhibitors of DNA synthesis to the culture medium of logarithmic growth cells, Cell colchicine blocking method in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (2): Add an appropriate amount of colchicine to the culture medium in logarithmic growth period. Colchicine can inhibit _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) Serum starvation method: lack of serum in the culture medium can make the cell cycle stagnate at interphase, thus realizing cell cycle synchronization. The interphase is characterized by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (just answer 1).

The answer is (1) during mitosis.

(2) Centromere division and spindle formation will not prevent chromosomes from moving to the poles.

(3) protein synthesis, chromosome replication and slight increase in cell volume.

Analysis (1)DNA replication occurred during cell division;

After DNA synthesis is blocked, mitotic phase is not affected, but interphase is affected. (2) Colchicine doubled the number of chromosomes by inhibiting the formation of spindle filament, which was formed in prophase of mitosis;

Cells treated with colchicine will not be blocked in interphase. (3) The interphase is characterized by the synthesis of correlated protein, the replication of chromosomes and the slight increase of cell volume.

30.(9 points)

Drought can promote the synthesis of abscisic acid in plants. The seedlings of wild-type and ABA-deficient mutants of plants grown under normal water conditions were subjected to moderate drought treatment, and the growth of stems, leaves and roots was measured in a certain period of time. The results are as follows:

Answer the following questions:

(1) Comprehensive analysis shows that the effect of ABA on wild-type seedlings is _ _ _ _ _.

(2) If proper ABA is applied to the mutant seedlings after drought treatment, it is speculated that the transpiration rate of plant leaves will be _ _ _ _ _ _ in response to environmental changes.

(3)ABA is called "stress hormone", and its main synthesis site in plants is _ _ _ _ _ (just answer two questions).

(4) Root system is the main organ for plants to absorb water. The main function of water in root cells is _ _ _ _ _ (just answer two questions).

The answer (1) inhibits the growth of stems and leaves, promotes the growth of roots (2) increases the root cap and makes the leaves wilt (3).

(4) As a solvent for chemical reaction, it maintains the osmotic pressure of cells and provides raw materials for the reaction.

Analysis (1) As can be seen directly from the figure, compared with the mutant (unable to synthesize ABA), the growth of wild-type plants (able to synthesize ABA) is inhibited and the growth of roots is promoted. (2) After applying ABA, the root system grows faster, the water absorbed from the soil increases, and the transpiration rate of plant leaves increases in response to environmental changes. (3)ABA is mainly synthesized in plant root caps and wilting leaves. (4) The main function of water in root cells is to act as a solvent for chemical reactions, maintain the osmotic pressure of cells, provide raw materials for reactions and form cell structures.

3 1.( 10 score)

In order to study the physiological function of insulin, a classmate randomly divided the experimental mice that fasted for a period of time into four groups: group A was injected with normal saline intraperitoneally, and groups B, C and D were injected with the same amount of insulin solution intraperitoneally. After a period of time, groups B, C and D showed symptoms such as slow response and drowsiness, while group A did not. Answer the following questions:

(1) The reason for the above symptoms in groups B, C and D is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) Group B, C and D received the second injection after the above symptoms appeared, while Group B received intraperitoneal injection of normal saline;

In order to relieve the above symptoms as soon as possible, group C was injected with a hormone and group D with a nutrient. Then the hormone injected in group C is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the nutrient injected in group D is _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) After the second injection, the symptoms in group C and group D were relieved, and the relief mechanism was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Answer (1) The blood sugar content in the body has decreased.

(2) Glucagon glucose

(3) Group C: Glucagon promoted the transformation of non-sugar substances into sugar and the decomposition of hepatic glycogen;

Group D: Injecting glucose to raise blood sugar.

Analysis (1) Insulin is a hypoglycemic hormone. (2)(3) Glucagon promotes the transformation of non-sugar substances into sugar and the decomposition of hepatic glycogen;

Injecting glucose can raise blood sugar in the body.

32.( 12 points)

It is known that three pairs of relative traits of an insect, including eyes (a) and eyes (a), normal bristles (b) and small bristles (b), normal wings (e) and spotted wings (e), are controlled by a pair of alleles. There are three homozygous strains: ①aaBBEE, ②AAbbEE, ③AABBee. Assuming that chromosome variation and chromosome exchange do not occur, answer the following questions:

(1) If all three pairs of alleles, A/a, B/b and E/e, are located on autosomes, please take the above strains as materials and design experiments to determine whether these three pairs of alleles are located on three pairs of chromosomes respectively. (Requirements: Write the experimental ideas, look forward to the experimental results and draw conclusions)

(2) Assuming that two pairs of alleles A/a and B/b are located on the X chromosome, please take the above strains as materials and design experiments to verify this hypothesis. (Requirements: Write the experimental ideas, look forward to the experimental results and draw conclusions)

Answer (1) experimental idea: let ① and ② cross, ① and ③ cross, ③ and ② cross. Self-cross the obtained offspring.

If the second generation has eight phenotypes, it means that three pairs of alleles are located on three pairs of chromosomes respectively.

Expected experimental results: the second generation has 8 phenotypes (the second generation has no 8 phenotypes)

It is concluded that three pairs of alleles are located on three pairs of chromosomes respectively (three pairs of alleles are not located on three pairs of chromosomes)

(2) Experimental ideas, expected experimental results: Let ① and ② cross, ① is the female parent, ② is the male parent. All the males produced show normal wings and no eye bristles. ② Female parent, ① Male parent. All the males produced show normal wings, small eyes and bristles.

The conclusion is that two pairs of alleles A/a and B/b are on the X chromosome.

See the answer for the analysis.

37. [Biology-Elective 1: Biotechnology Practice] (15 points)

Green plant A contains substance W, which is a colorless needle-like crystal, soluble in polar organic solvents, insoluble in water, and easy to decompose when heated and wetted. The extraction process is as follows: plant A → crushing → adding solvent → shaking evenly → collecting extractive solution → treating with activated carbon → filtering to remove activated carbon → distillation (including recovered solvent) → recrystallization → finished product. Answer the following questions:

(1) When extracting W, the best raw material is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "high temperature drying", "drying" or "fresh"), and the other two reasons are _ _ _ _.

(2) When W is extracted, the role of oscillation is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) Activated carbon has strong adsorption capacity. In the process of extraction, the purpose of treating the extract with activated carbon is.

(4) The existing two solvents, acetone (boiling point 56℃) and ethanol (boiling point 78℃ or so), should choose acetone as the extractant when extracting substance W, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(5) There are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ matters that should be paid attention to during the operation of this experiment (only two points need to be answered).

Answer (1) Air-dried matter W is easy to decompose when heated and wetted.

(2) completely dissolving the substance W in the solvent.

(3) Absorbing organic solvents and moisture

(4) Its boiling point is relatively low, and too high a temperature will lead to the decomposition of substance W..

(5) Fresh plants contain a lot of water. Pay attention to control the drying time when drying. Too long time will lead to the decomposition of W substance.

Analysis belongs to examining the level of reciting and looking at the answers.

38. [Biology-Elective 3: Special Topics of Modern Biotechnology] (15)

The DNA sequence (sequence A) encoding protein A consists of five fragments: A, B, C, D and E, and the sequences encoding proteins B and C consist of some fragments of sequence A, as shown in figure 1.

Answer the following questions:

(1) Protein B should be obtained by genetic engineering. If the DNA sequence (TTCGCTTCT……CAGGAAGGA) encoding protein B is directly connected to the downstream of the promoter, the constructed expression vector cannot be translated into the host cell, because _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) In the process of obtaining DNA fragment B or D by PCR, a student added DNA polymerase, primers and so on. Added to the PCR reaction system, and also added the sequence A as _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) protein A, B and C were obtained by genetic engineering. In order to identify whether these three proteins can stimulate the proliferation of T lymphocytes, some students did the following experiment: divide a certain amount of culture solution containing T lymphocytes into four groups, three of which were added with equal amounts of proteins A, B and C respectively, and the other group was used as a control, and the concentration of T lymphocytes was regularly cultured and detected, as shown in Figure 2.

① As can be seen from Figure 2, when the cell concentration reaches A, the concentration of T lymphocytes in the culture medium added with B protein will not increase again. At this time, if T lymphocytes continue to proliferate, the method that can be adopted is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. In the process of cell culture, a certain concentration of C2O is usually maintained in the incubator, and the function of C2O is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

② According to Figure 2 and Figure 2, if the peptide segment encoded by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "A", "B", "C", "D" or "E") in the above three protein, the effect of stimulating T lymphocyte proliferation will be reduced.

The answer (1) cannot be started because the DNA sequence encoding protein B is connected downstream of the promoter.

(2) Four deoxynucleotides of the template DNA

(3) Cell culture (subculture)? Maintain the pH value in the incubator.

(4)C

Analysis belongs to examining the level of reciting and looking at the answers.

Analysis of answers to chemistry test questions

7. Chemistry is closely related to life. The following statement is wrong.

A.PM2.5 refers to inhalable suspended particulate matter with a particle size of not more than 2.5 μ m.

B. Green chemistry requires eliminating or reducing environmental pollution caused by production activities from the source.

Adding calcium oxide to coal can reduce the formation of acid rain and the emission of greenhouse gases.

D natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas are clean fuels widely used in China at present.

Reference answer c

Referring to the thermal decomposition of CaCO3, adding CaO to coal can not reduce the emission of greenhouse gas CO2, so C is selected.

8. The following statement is correct

A. the addition reaction occurs during the hydrogenation of vegetable oil.

B. Starch and cellulose are isomers.

Cyclohexane and benzene can be identified by acidic potassium permanganate solution.

Water can be used to separate the mixture of bromobenzene and benzene.

Reference answer a

Reference analysis A. The addition reaction between oil and hydrogen occurs in the process of non-hydrogenation of plants, so A is correct;

B. Different polymerization degrees of starch and cellulose lead to different molecular formulas, so they are not isomers, so B is wrong;

C. neither cyclohexane nor benzene reacts with acidic KMnO4 solution, so this method cannot be used to distinguish cyclohexane from benzene, so C is wrong;

D. Bromobenzene and benzene are mutually soluble, and the mixture of bromobenzene and benzene cannot be separated by water, so D is wrong;

The answer is a.

Physical answers and analysis