Curriculum is a historical category, which is directly subject to educational purposes. Therefore, different times have different curriculum views. "Curriculum is the main body of teaching" or "curriculum is the sum of teaching content and progress" is generally recognized.
What needs to be clearly pointed out is that "teaching subjects" or "teaching contents" here mainly refer to teachers imparting classified knowledge to students in the classroom. The biggest drawback of this curriculum view is that the knowledge world presented by teachers to students has strict certainty and simplicity, which does not match the real life world of students characterized by uncertainty and complexity, so education and curriculum are far from the real life of students.
In practice, activities that are not directly related to imparting knowledge and skills inside and outside the school are often regarded as extra burdens and rejected. Obviously, this knowledge-based course has not adapted to the needs of the times. The value that the basic education curriculum should fully pursue is to promote the development of students and society.
The new curriculum standard (referred to as "new curriculum standard" for short) is the basic programmatic document of the national curriculum and the basic norm and quality requirement of the national basic education curriculum. The new round of curriculum reform will transform the long-used syllabus into curriculum standards, which embodies the basic ideas advocated by the curriculum reform. The formulation of basic education curriculum standards is the core work of basic education curriculum reform. With the joint efforts of nearly 300 experts from all over the country, the experimental draft of 18 curriculum standard was officially promulgated, marking a new stage of curriculum reform in basic education in China.
The origin of reform
Curriculum standards are the basic programmatic documents of national curriculum, the basic norms and quality requirements of national basic education curriculum, the basis of textbook compilation, teaching, evaluation and examination proposition, and the basis of national curriculum management and evaluation. It embodies the basic requirements of the state for students at different stages in knowledge and skills, process methods, emotional attitudes and values, stipulates the nature, objectives and content framework of each course, and puts forward teaching and evaluation suggestions.
Fundamentals of teaching reform
Curriculum is an important way to achieve educational goals, the most important basis for organizing educational and teaching activities, and the carrier to embody and reflect educational ideas and concepts. Therefore, curriculum is the core of education. The curriculum reform of basic education is not the product of pure subjective will, but people's subjective response to the objective needs of specific social, political and economic development. Therefore, the objective needs of social, political and economic development not only determine whether education in a certain society should be reformed, but also fundamentally determine the direction, goal and even scale of reform. The historical process of educational development fully illustrates the above assertion.
Facts in the whole history of educational development show that changes in social and political systems and economic systems, as well as major changes in production methods and lifestyles, will lead to major changes in school education. This is why the past 20th century was called the century of educational reform.
The function or value of the school education model in the era of industrial economy can be summed up in one sentence, that is, to train the educated to become producers and laborers and tools for production and consumption. What school education strives for is how to maximize its economic value. In 1950s, the theory of human capital appeared. Its educational model, which pays attention to economic growth and ignores human development, has played a positive role in history.
However, in the current era of knowledge economy, the disadvantages of this educational model have attracted the attention of more and more people of insight, and the voice of educational reform is getting louder and louder. More and more people realize that if we don't start to reform the basic education curriculum, it will seriously affect the country's economic and social development. This is also the reason why all countries in the world carry out the curriculum reform of basic education in unison.
Compared with the past times, the economic development and national strength in social development mainly depend on natural resources or material strength, and people with high scientific and cultural literacy and humanistic literacy are more and more crucial to the development of mankind in the 26 th century. The so-called people with high scientific and cultural literacy and humanistic literacy must meet two conditions:
First, we should master basic learning tools, that is, reading, writing, oral expression, calculation and problem solving; The second is to have basic knowledge, skills, and correct values and attitudes. Only in this way can he have the ability to survive, live and work with dignity, improve the quality of life and fully develop himself, and actively participate in social development and lifelong learning.