1. According to the objective requirements of social development

First of all, early childhood education has social attributes. Education is a unique social activity of human beings. Its function is to spread knowledge, experience, skills, mode of thinking, spiritual civilization, excellent quality and national traditions accumulated in human history to the next generation in a planned, organized and purposeful way, and to cultivate people who serve the society. This unique human social activity affects thousands of families in Qian Qian, which is related to the growth of future generations and the prosperity of the country and the nation.

Secondly, education should be restricted by the social nature. Different societies, different classes or social groups always set the direction of cultivating a new generation according to their own interests and needs. Socialist preschool education should lay a solid foundation for children to enter primary schools, to bring up a new generation and to train builders and successors of the socialist cause.

Third, the educational task must meet the needs of social development. At different stages of development, a country has different quality requirements for the new generation. In the early 1950s in China, kindergartens were required to complete two major tasks: educating young children and serving production and construction (including liberating women's labor force). In the late 1970s and early 1980s, China entered a new stage of the "four modernizations" construction, and the climax of the new technological revolution sweeping the world came at the same time. Therefore, "more talents, faster talents and better talents" has become the urgent demand of social development, which makes the traditional education view and talent quality view which only pay attention to knowledge transmission face severe challenges of the times. Comrade Deng Xiaoping put forward the policy of "three orientations of education", which injected new connotation and vitality into the educational reform and training objectives. Therefore, the state clearly stipulates that a new generation of people with "four haves", "three haves" and "two haves" should be cultivated. With the deepening of preschool education reform, since the 1980s, people have emphasized that in the process of enriching children's knowledge and experience, we should pay attention to developing intelligence and talent, cultivating good personality, and developing social quality and adaptability. Today, at the turn of the century, it is required to further deepen education reform, comprehensively promote quality education, apply modern educational technology, open up innovative education, and emphasize new directions such as cultivating innovative spirit and practical ability. These constantly developing new requirements are put forward to meet the needs of social development.

2. According to the laws of children's physical and mental development and their needs.

Promoting the harmonious development of children's quality is the central task of preschool education. Development includes both physical and psychological aspects. The former refers to the normal development of the body and the enhancement of physical fitness; The latter refers to the acquisition of knowledge and skills, the enrichment of life experience, the development of intellectual ability, the cultivation of ideological quality, and the development of emotions, interests, hobbies, ambitions and personalities. Because children's "body" and "mind" are an organic and unified whole system, we must ensure their synchronous, coordinated and harmonious development, that is, "all-round development of body, intelligence, morality and beauty" Children's physical and mental development is regular, both continuous and staged. The essence of development is to continuously develop its individual potential, that is, the process of continuous development from "existing development area" to "recent development area". If the requirements for children's education are too high, too difficult or too low and too easy, it will violate the law of children's physical and mental development and fail to develop their potential. Therefore, the formulation of educational goals must be based on the objective laws and requirements of children's physical and mental development.

3. According to the enlightening nature of preschool education

Early childhood education is enlightenment education. This is because children's understanding of the objective world is still in a hazy stage, and they cannot accept systematic and classified scientific knowledge. Therefore, the task of early childhood education is to lay a good foundation for entering primary schools and cultivating a new generation. The enlightening characteristics are as follows: First, children should understand knowledge of nature and social knowledge which are common, representative, concrete and easy to understand in their surrounding living environment, initially cultivate children's concepts of number, time and space, and develop their language expression and aesthetic ability. For example, let children know specific things in the objective world, and know the external characteristics of objects such as shape, structure, color, smell, size, length and thickness, their quantitative relationship, time-space relationship and so on. Know the name, purpose, and relationship with people. Learn to sort, compare and classify similarities and differences, and understand the relationship between things or natural phenomena, causality, etc., without children mastering abstract theories. Second, although the requirements for children's cognition are rough and simple, they must be scientific, materialistic and dialectical. Thirdly, the way of preschool education should be vivid, concrete, intuitive and lively, which requires a reasonable combination of various forms, means and methods, and comprehensive application to create a three-dimensional and open educational environment. Fourthly, it is emphasized that the primary goal of preschool education is not to impart knowledge, but to develop children's quality, develop their intelligence and creativity, cultivate their good personality and improve their ability to adapt to the social environment. In short, grasping the enlightening nature of early childhood education lies in strictly distinguishing it from primary education, preventing the tendency of primary school or adult, and making the educational goal truly based on the law of early childhood education.

Only by grasping the foundation of the above three aspects can we establish scientific educational goals.