One of the reasons why private kindergartens did not become the protagonist of the initial marketization is that the money bags of ordinary people have not become thicker. At the same time, the educational standards and authority are still in the hands of the national education department, and private kindergartens have never had the opportunity of fair competition. Under the dual status of athletes and referees, public kindergartens take their time in the market competition. In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, a large number of middle classes have emerged. Coupled with the cumulative effect of the only child, several adults around a child, thus pushing China into the period of strong demand for early childhood education. This is another golden development period for private kindergartens. This is also an extremely dangerous market turning point.
There are more than ten public kindergartens in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, and the fees are as low as three or four hundred yuan. There are only two or three local private parks, but the fees are 10-20 times. This will also be the epitome of most cities in China in the next 10-30 years. Throughout Japan, Australia, the United States and other developed countries, this is also the only way. Although China does not have the economic strength to bring all preschool education into compulsory education, it is only a matter of time. Therefore, while sharing the market feast, private kindergartens should also see the hidden worries of future development. Rapid scale is an important guarantee to increase profits, but it cannot guarantee the final position of the market. The idea of trying to build a huge empire through chain development will eventually end in a bleak exit. Private schools are the most influential in the American education industry, whether it is kindergartens or universities.
As the base of the pyramid, public schools focus on universal education and compulsory education, while private schools occupy the top position, characterized by aristocratization, profitability and branding, with the quality of education as the core symbol. How to locate the market and determine the goal of private kindergartens today is related to the future market growth and pattern distribution. At present, many private kindergartens actively shape their own market competitive advantages by establishing chain brands, capital intervention, efficient operation, unified logo, high-grade decoration, westernized education and caring education, but these are far from the real competitive focus-education field. Compared with the various names, false names and flashy preschool education modes implemented by private kindergartens, the preschool education in public kindergartens based on solid traditional education in China is ugly, but it has objective and realistic effects.
This dilemma not only exists in the field of preschool education, but also exists in the whole education industry and private schools in China, that is, they lack the core competitive advantage in the field of education. Even the famous New Oriental has not escaped this marginal situation. Private education may become a passer-by at any time if it does not change its management direction of making money instead of quality. To concentrate effective resources on teaching and scientific research, operators should attach importance to education, let educators do education, and dare to create experimental fields for educational reform. Only in this way can we gradually win the leading edge in the field of education and gradually occupy the leading position in the field of education. Taking Harvard as an evergreen tree is the best choice and ultimate destination of private education in China.
Second, the development of early childhood education model
China's modern education system, subject setting and curriculum content are mainly imported from the west. At this time, early childhood education can not become an area of concern. Private school education, which lasted for thousands of years, has always been the main form of enlightenment education in China. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, kindergartens should strictly be nurseries or nurseries, and there was almost no research and development in education. Chen Heqin, Tao Xingzhi and other educators put forward their own ideas and concepts of early childhood education and made many useful practical attempts. However, compared with maria montessori, a western expert in early childhood education at the same time, they can't be compared in the breadth and depth of educational research. Under the influence of the Cultural Revolution, preschool education in China objectively became a simplified version of primary education.
Around 2 1 century, western preschool education concepts and educational models were gradually introduced into private kindergartens in China, which is the inevitable trend of educational development and market competition. Montessori, calvert, John Locke, Spencer, Reggio, Waldorf, Qi Tianzhen, Ibrahimovic, Cedez, Kaman, Mrs. Stowe, etc., the educational thoughts and modes of these famous western preschool education experts have flooded into the preschool education market in China. China's preschool education model has been brilliant, but most of it is short-lived. People are not acclimatized, arrogant and selfish, and do not conform to the national conditions, which is a true portrayal of westernized education. Although this has greatly promoted the development of domestic preschool education research, it has not fundamentally changed the backward situation of preschool education in China. Private kindergartens have not won the quality competition in the preschool education market.
Talking about the pre-school education market in China, we can't ignore the big environmental impact of the baton of the college entrance examination, and let pre-school education serve the competition of the college entrance examination, which is the focus of most parents' attention today. In the eyes of many parents, the pursuit of freedom, innocence, happiness, health, personality, connotation and other educational goals gave way to knowledge education. These goals are not contradictory, nor are they either one or the other. Both can be realized at the same time and promote each other. However, the pre-school education market in China can't meet the market demand and get rid of this market pressure. Many practices of quick success and instant benefit are undermining children's physical and mental development. This is the puzzle of the whole preschool education market in China. Any educational idea, model, process and effect will ultimately serve the growth of personal quality, competitiveness and happiness. Therefore, avoiding, ignoring and giving up the real market demand for preschool education is doomed to be hypocritical and unable to develop.
At present, kindergartens can be divided into: 1 Free development, represented by Ba Academy. They completely give up knowledge learning, give their children great freedom, and pursue the cultivation of children who are easy to survive and develop their individuality. Second, imparting knowledge is the core work of most kindergartens. Art training, subject knowledge, social activities and other professional requirements for teachers, kindergarten teachers are far from competent. Third, thinking development, which is a new field of education that a few kindergartens are trying. Although imparting knowledge can help infants develop, it is difficult to form an absolute advantage. Learning ability is the main factor affecting the learning development of infants, and thinking ability is the core symbol of learning ability. It is an inevitable trend for teachers to actively guide children's thinking development while imparting knowledge. Several successful cases reveal a reality, which requires children's own understanding and the participation of excellent tutors. Both of them are scarce resources and cannot be fully promoted. Fourth, positive development. This new education is different from the traditional teacher-led education from the outside to the inside, and it mainly depends on the sensitivity and active development of infants and young children to the outside world in a specific period.
The active development model of early childhood education is the latest development of early childhood education, which theoretically solves the two major problems of self-understanding and excellent tutor that traditional education cannot overcome, but whether it can surpass the effect of traditional education in an all-round way remains to be verified by practice. There is a famous gifted kindergarten in Chiba Prefecture, Japan, which specializes in enrolling 2-year-old children. The IQ of the graduated children is above 140. The IQ of these children was not extraordinary when they entered the park, but they reached the extraordinary level after special training. The educational process is normal, but the educational effect is remarkable, because the educational method is correct and the environment is suitable. Individual parks in China have also made such educational achievements. Summarize the elements of this model: 1, the critical period of education; 2. Mixed age group; 3. Free space; 4. All-round development; 5. Governing by doing nothing. The external manifestation of active development is very similar to free development, but the educational effect of the latter is far less than that of traditional education, while the former creates an educational height that traditional education has never reached.
Third, the development trend of early childhood education
(A), traditional education
Traditional educational thought is the mainstream thought in the field of preschool education in China. Although they also believe that preschool education should be different from primary education, there is no essential difference between them. Kindergarten is a simplified version of primary school. Undeniably, the traditional education mode has absolute advantages in the standardization, practicality and effect of teaching. Taking Henan as an example, almost all kindergartens affiliated to schools occupy the position of leading brands, among which there are many kindergartens in private schools. They have the advantage of resources and the educational effect is more outstanding. In economically developed areas such as Beijing and Shanghai, the brand influence and recognition of kindergartens also depend on the historical origin and special status of kindergartens. In the traditional education mode, teachers are dominant and students are subordinate, and the understanding of excellent tutors and students restricts the educational effect and becomes an unsolved problem that hinders the development of traditional education mode.
(B), Montessori education
The global influence of Montessori's education, the systematization and operability of educational theory and the remarkable educational effect make Montessori a western preschool education expert who has the greatest influence on preschool education in China. She reveals a world of preschool education that is completely different from the traditional education in China. Montessori's education law has a strong personal brand, and it has been severely criticized by educators such as Dewey and Ke Qubo since its birth. Its theoretical cornerstone-formal training theory-was proved to be flawed as early as the second half of the19th century. But at the same time, the unique teaching effect of Montessori education method also makes it very popular with parents. It emphasizes the development of perception, hands-on operation and attention training. It is an effective learning mode that allows children to choose freely and promote optimization, but it has not improved significantly in language development, personality cultivation and imagination shaping. Therefore, the "China" of Montessori education needs long-term solid theoretical and practical research.
(3) Early education
Baby-friendly, Gymboree and other early education centers, relying on the systematic theory of western early education experts and using colorful early education forms, have created a brand-new high-end market for early childhood education for 0-3 years old in China. Features: high profit and low cost; Simplification of business model and rapid development of market; Chain operation promotes scale. With abundant capital and resources, they have become an emerging force that cannot be ignored in the kindergarten market competition. However, the weakness of the future is precisely the early education model they are proud of. The theory and practice of early education lack effective argumentation, the educational form is too commercialized, the educational process is too flattering to parents, and the educational effect cannot be verified. The form and content of early education are not divorced from the traditional category. If we don't overcome the simple, impetuous and rash educational attitude, they are destined to become the marginal role of the preschool education market.
bilingual education
China people's enthusiasm for English and the long-term shortage of foreign teachers' resources will be the fundamental reasons for the high cost of bilingual education. An aristocratic kindergarten in Nanjing charges100,000/year, plays the role of a foreign teacher, and attracts families in the high-end market with all-weather foreign teachers, Chinese-foreign mixed classes, gamification teaching and large-scale performances. It is an educational goal with strong market demand to grasp the language sensitive period of infants and effectively promote the development of foreign language ability. Although language atmosphere is the best growth model for infants, the high cost of foreign teachers makes it an impossible educational choice. How to get rid of adult English learning mode and establish a feasible low-cost learning mode suitable for infant foreign language development is an educational topic that preschool education circles are trying to explore.
(5) Genius education
Genius education is an educational model implemented by American legislation, also known as genius education. Its essence is self-education, which is an educational thought that combines students' own talents with a good learning environment to accelerate individual development. There is no compulsory education or laissez-faire education in gifted education. It is a student-centered accompanying education. It recognizes individual differences and advocates equality and individuality. Education equality is achieved by advocating unequal education for students with different talents, and personalized education is actually elite education. The gifted kindergarten in Chiba, Japan, the children's class in Beijing No.8 Middle School and the children's class in China University of Science and Technology are very similar to those in the United States. If private schools in China want to change the dominant position of public schools, only by setting off a revolutionary storm in the field of education and occupying the commanding heights of education can they fundamentally change their situation.
Fourth, the development opportunities of early childhood education.
Xi jiaotong university junior class recruits junior college students from junior high school students who are enrolled in preparatory-undergraduate-master courses. At present, this kind of students' quality can only be cultivated piecemeal. The children's class in Beijing No.8 Middle School is a special case of collective training of high-quality students. During the four-year and eight-year course, half of the students were admitted to Tsinghua and Peking University, and the last one reached the first line. This is beyond the reach of traditional education, and it is also the most successful educational attempt so far. However, why has this educational model not been widely promoted? Perhaps the promotion of education itself is far less difficult than the resistance of political factors. This is a relatively mature educational model choice for domestic private schools.
In 20 10, there were 1700 outstanding students in the fourth grade of Beijing primary school who signed up to compete for 30 places in the children's class of Beijing No.8 Middle School. It can be said that the children's class in Beijing No.8 Middle School is a student-centered active development education model based on special groups. They screen students' standards: high intelligence, independence and self-study. High-quality student groups, open education mode, outstanding educational achievements and 26 years of brand precipitation are all educational resources that private schools cannot easily realize. Since it is difficult to copy in the short term, we might as well look at the problem from another angle. The biggest enlightenment of Beijing No.8 Middle School model to private schools is that the quality of fourth-grade students is closely related to the future college entrance examination results.
Private schools especially strive to be the second children's class in Beijing No.8 Middle School. It is better to try some pioneering work, that is, to cultivate the quality of children's classes in No.8 Middle School as an educational goal. There is no doubt in the whole society about the success of children's classes in Beijing No.8 Middle School. Taking advantage of their historical achievements and social influence, just like standing on the shoulders of giants, will soon be pushed into the spotlight. Whether it is the marketing hype to earn eyeballs or the actual value of educational goals, it is worth working hard for. What's more, before the fourth grade of primary school, the educational environment was relaxed and parents' mentality was peaceful. This kind of educational attempt and innovation aimed at cultivating high-quality active learning students is easy to get enthusiastic response from society and the public.
The students in Beijing No.8 Middle School's kindergarten class all received good early education. Private schools will use affiliated kindergartens to increase the time of educational innovation, and the educational effect will be more prominent. But many people can't correctly understand the difference between preschool education and primary education. From the perspective of education, these are almost two completely different worlds. The more education extends to the source, the greater the potential and plasticity of the baby. However, the traditional preschool education model has achieved the ultimate educational effect, and only a few family education have achieved a leap in educational effect. Only by jumping out of traditional educational thinking can preschool education achieve qualitative improvement. Gifted kindergartens in Chiba, Japan and individual kindergartens in China have both surpassed the limits of traditional education in terms of educational effects, and basically adopted the active development model of early childhood education.
The author of this paper has been engaged in the theoretical and practical research of this educational model for many years. In view of the complexity of the latest early childhood education model, I won't elaborate here, and I want to add something. If private schools can make use of the leading education model to make a breakthrough in kindergarten market management, then the huge market and high profits of preschool education industry will surely give birth to a high-speed development education group. The follow-up education in kindergarten will naturally follow up. With the expansion of chain operation, this systematic educational company will spread all over the country. There are very few kindergartens in the preschool education industry in China, and the franchise chain organizations similar to those in Hong Kong and Cai Wei only cooperate in the shallow market such as market operation, brand operation, personnel training and supplementary teaching. The imbalance of China's economic development determines that private kindergartens have a development period of at least 10-30 years.
It is the dream of every entrepreneur and educator to take advantage of the development opportunities given by this period of history and grow into an education group company that has influenced China for a hundred years. Only by being brave in innovation, standing at the forefront, uniting as one and accumulating wealth, can we achieve the development goal of supernormal, leap-forward and collectivization and build a century-old brand.