Look at the answers and analyze the correct answers. The main key points are:

(1) the tendency of total westernization;

The basic meaning of "Westernization" is to learn from the West, that is, to achieve an advanced social state like the West by learning advanced science, technology, system and culture from the West. Since modern times, this cognitive process of China intellectuals has gone through three stages: tools, systems and ideology. Specifically, this is an ideological and cognitive route from conservative "learning as the body and using western learning" to radical "westernization" and "total westernization"

(2) Naive education serves the rich;

Influenced by revolutionary thought, Zhang Zonglin thought that preschool education at that time only served the rich, not the broad masses of workers and peasants. He said, "The kindergarten that was originally for poor children was used by the rich." The kindergarten that came to our country soon was taken away by the rich in the city. This is an extremely unreasonable idea. He put forward the idea that "the naive education movement should turn to the working masses". "If kindergarten is one of the education of the whole nation, it must change its direction from metropolis to rural areas and factory areas." It was under the guidance of this thought that he supported Tao Xingzhi's idea that kindergartens should go to the countryside and enter factories, and founded Xiaozhuang's rural naive education with Xu Shibi and Wang Jingpu.

(3) the rope that binds the child.

Zhang Zonglin pointed out the slogan of liberating children, so he asked to get rid of the four ropes on children:

The first rope: "the cross seal on the child's mouth." Bound by the old ethics, children have always had nothing to say. The way to remove this seal is to give children more opportunities to "ask questions". From children's problems, we can know how far they have progressed.

The second rope: "shackles and handcuffs." Parents and teachers love their children, but don't treat them like ladies. They do everything for them, thinking that children only need to study effortlessly. If children are raised in this way, they will lose all their vitality. In today's society, only through omnipotent hands can children acquire inexhaustible real skills.

The third rope: "the law made by adults." Kindergarten's rigid procedures require children to follow a set of things in adult society. The bondage of countless "laws and regulations" by adults really distorts the naive personality of children. Adults should review all the contents and methods of teaching children.

The fourth rope: "a sharp knife cuts off the bud." The tables, chairs, articles and food used by children are unsanitary, just like cutting off young buds with a sharp knife every day, which will soon be damaged.

Enlightenment to reality: (65,438+0) Cultivate children's vitality and make them strong and capable in life; (2) Kindergarten construction must be suitable for China's national conditions; Kindergarten education should serve everyone.

See the textbook P 124- 125 for the answer analysis.

Knowledge points of this topic: Zhang Zonglin's preschool education theory and practice,