Establishing the guiding ideology of "health first", improving physical education teaching mode and improving physical education teaching quality are higher requirements for physical education teaching at present. The implementation of the new curriculum is also a thorough reform of teaching guiding ideology, teaching materials, teaching methods and examination system. Therefore, for the healthy growth of students, it is an important subject to study how to reform teaching from the aspects of physical education teaching objectives, contents, processes, organization and evaluation.
Keywords: new curriculum specific physical education teaching objectives, teaching methods, curriculum evaluation
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At present, China's basic education is changing from exam-oriented education to quality education, which greatly promotes the pace of school reform, expands the prospects of school physical education reform, enlightens people's understanding of people-oriented and health first, and provides a good opportunity for the comprehensive and systematic reform of school physical education. As an important way to carry out school physical education tasks, physical education takes the municipal project of "rolling special teaching and credit system management" as the research object. As a volleyball teacher in charge of the sub-research group, I also participated in the wave of curriculum reform. In the course of the five-term curriculum reform experiment, combined with my own practice and understanding, I tried to carry out different reforms in physical education teaching objectives, contents, processes, organization and evaluation, and received good teaching results.
First, develop a comprehensive classroom teaching objectives
People-oriented, teaching learn from each other. With the introduction and implementation of new curriculum standards, physical education curriculum reform has changed the guiding ideology of "strengthening students' physique" in the past, emphasizing "health first" as the guiding ideology and taking the overall health of physical, psychological and social adaptation as the curriculum goal. On the surface, the teaching content of physical education and health course is less difficult, the teaching mode of "competitive sports" is diluted, and physical education teaching no longer emphasizes the integrity and systematicness of technical teaching, nor demands the details of every action. How to make scientific teaching objectives according to the actual teaching situation is the key to complete the teaching task and carry out teaching better. To this end, when I set the teaching objectives of volleyball special courses, I fully consider and pay attention to the comprehensiveness, integrity and individual differences of the teaching objectives, change the past "one size fits all" approach, and set different teaching tasks and requirements for students with different development levels and abilities from the individual differences of students. In specific teaching, according to the different contents and requirements, several teaching objectives are put forward: (1) direct teaching objectives: teaching students "three basics", teaching them some necessary sports techniques, skills and basic knowledge of sports, and developing their physical fitness. (2) Developmental teaching aims at cultivating students' skills, consciousness and habits of lifelong physical education. (3) Sustainable development goal: it refers to developing students' intelligence, experiencing beautiful emotions, experiencing sports fun, cultivating noble sentiments, shaping perfect personality, and striving to achieve the goal of "enlightening, seeking knowledge, adjusting mentality, enriching life and keeping fit" in physical education class.
For example, in the development of volleyball teaching objectives, on the basis of volleyball technical and tactical teaching, I fully considered the characteristics of volleyball such as padding, passing, sending, receiving, spiking and blocking, so that students can "play" and "play". For example, both male and female students can basically "learn" to play volleyball and compete, regardless of the three techniques of serving, padding and spiking. Secondly, in order to stimulate students' interest, soft volleyball and some entertaining games are infiltrated while improving students' basic skills. Therefore, when I formulated the teaching content of this semester, I focused on strengthening the teaching of basic volleyball techniques, such as preparing posture and moving, padding and serving. In addition, some quality exercises in the form of games are interspersed, so that students can participate in activities in a pleasant, harmonious and interesting atmosphere, stimulate interest and improve their physical fitness.
However, in order for students to learn volleyball skills well, teachers should also emphasize the integrity of physical education teaching when setting teaching objectives, establish teaching objectives based on the significant individual differences among students, and carry out hierarchical teaching according to the specific conditions of different students. Of course, it is unrealistic to divide students into several groups with similar physical conditions. In this way, every student can have a suitable goal, so that students' individual requirements and teaching objectives can be unified as much as possible, so that students can clearly know that as long as this goal is achieved, it will be successful. After students have a clear goal in their studies, they will try their best to achieve it. Once successful, they can also experience the joy of success, thus stimulating students' interest in learning. Interest is the best teacher, which can provide motivation for activities and lay a good foundation for students' lifelong physical education.
Second, optimize teaching methods and highlight the main position of learning method guidance in classroom teaching.
It is better to teach people to fish than to teach them to fish. Only by truly making students the main body of teaching and the master of learning can students become the masters of their own quality development, enable students to develop actively and effectively cultivate their physical education learning ability. In volleyball teaching, I also attach great importance to the guidance and research of students' learning methods and teachers' learning methods. There are mainly observation learning, cooperative learning, autonomous learning, imitation and practical learning, comparative and evaluation learning, understanding, thinking and creative learning. For example, in physical education teaching, according to the arrangement and progress of teaching, I ask students to work out the goals and learning plans to be achieved at a certain stage according to their own conditions, so as to guide students' learning, strengthen the guidance and encouragement of goals, cultivate students' interest in learning, and improve students' consciousness and enthusiasm in participating in physical exercise. Volleyball is a team event, and cooperative learning is an important teaching method whether it is to cultivate students' technical learning or team spirit. According to the characteristics of volleyball, through the method of cooperative learning, students are guided to cooperate and explore learning, and learn sports knowledge, skills, game appreciation and application of rules. Especially when they have different understandings and experiences of knowledge, skills and movements, we can exchange learning experiences through mutual discussion; Observe each other to complete technical actions and learn from each other's strengths; Conduct team competitions, etc. To further promote the understanding of sports knowledge and skills.
Zankov emphasized that "children must put down their braces to walk independently", attached importance to and satisfied students' interest in sports, and tried to use various teaching methods and means to stimulate students' interest and respect students' emotions and experiences. Everyone found a common problem in class. What do students think of physical education class today? Thinking about "free activities" is their most practical wish for physical education class in their intense study life. As the main body of teaching and learning, teachers and students should have the mind to understand students' "long live freedom". How to make physical education class "scattered in shape but not scattered in spirit"? When choosing teaching methods, teachers should not only pay attention to students' reasonable requirements, but also fully create conditions for students to experience sports fun and meet smoothly, guide students to enhance their sports awareness and form good habits of conscious exercise. If the teaching methods and means are used properly, good teaching results will be achieved.
Therefore, how to make students "free", "alive" and "active", in the guidance of learning methods, I think we should focus on the following points: (1) We should put forward a variety of practice methods for students' reference, so that they can choose the best one to adapt to the differences caused by students' height, weight, intelligence, sports motivation and sports experience, so that every student can fully develop. (2) Pay attention to the cultivation and development of students' personality, satisfy students' creative desire, and advocate creating a lively learning atmosphere for students without overemphasizing the unity of action. For example, in volleyball teaching, after the teaching of general basic knowledge or basic skills, students can master the content of beginners, practice in groups, exercise their imagination and imitation independently and cooperatively, expand the space, objects and contents of study and discussion, enhance the communication and emotional cultivation among students, reduce the pressure caused by the tension and difficulty of actions in collective learning, and let students find interest in activities themselves. At the same time, some students are not excluded from participating in quality exercises or other projects. Students can choose to practice purposefully after completing the task, which is also a kind of ability training. It is human nature to love freedom and play. If they can improve their physical fitness and sports skills in free practice and full play, it is the greatest progress and gain in itself.
Third, establish a scientific evaluation system.
The new curriculum emphasizes the establishment of an evaluation system with diversified evaluation contents, methods and subjects. Desalinate the selection function and screening function of evaluation, and emphasize the incentive and feedback function of evaluation, making evaluation an important means to promote students' progress and development. Reforming the traditional classroom teaching evaluation standard based on students' workload and practice density is to change the influence of the traditional exam-oriented education thought in the past and overemphasize the influence of "everyone is equal before the score" The new curriculum not only emphasizes the evaluation of physical fitness and sports skills, but also emphasizes the evaluation of learning attitude, emotional expression and cooperative spirit; There should be not only the evaluation of PE teachers, but also the self-evaluation and mutual evaluation of students. In the evaluation method, it also emphasizes the combination of quantitative evaluation, summative evaluation and process evaluation, and the combination of absolute evaluation and relative evaluation. To establish a scientific evaluation system, the basic starting point of evaluation is to establish a people-oriented and all-round development view of physical education classroom teaching quality. (1) The comprehensiveness of classroom teaching quality. It is necessary to scientifically examine students' comprehensive academic achievements in physical education, that is, to evaluate them from multiple angles and in all directions. (2) The development of classroom teaching quality. In the evaluation, we should consider what foundation students have laid for future physical education study and lifelong physical education development. When evaluating students' grades, we should pay attention to their progress and fully reflect their efforts and improvement in the process of exercise. Evaluation should be beneficial to teachers' "teaching" and students' "learning". For teachers, it is necessary to feedback the teaching effect and improve the teaching quality; For students, understand their learning ability and learning level, encourage themselves to continue to participate in sports activities, and improve their sports practice ability.
In the practice of teaching management, my evaluation of students has broken the traditional evaluation method and built a teaching model with quality education as the core, credit system management as the guarantee and innovative evaluation as the expansion. In the evaluation of innovation, it embodies flexibility and motivation. Mainly in several aspects:
(a) that is, the credit system is used to manage and evaluate the comprehensive quality of students in five aspects: sports participation, sports skills, physical health, mental health and social adaptation, highlighting basic points and reward points; Namely: (1) basic performance evaluation: the management and evaluation of students' physical education tests and participation in each semester. (2) Reward evaluation: Through the credit system, we can improve the sustainable development of outstanding sports students, win glory for the school and promote the awareness of catching up and surpassing of backward sports students. (3) Students who have completed special courses and completed physical education in senior high school for three years will be awarded credits according to the achievements and performance of the courses they have studied.
(2) Credit system management and evaluation standard: The sports scores refer to "Students' Physical Health Standard" and combine with the scoring standards of physical fitness test items of 50m, 800m and1000m required by our school; And volleyball special study. Mainly depends on each student's foundation and degree of improvement; The performance of motor skills is evaluated by combining quantitative evaluation with qualitative evaluation; The achievement of basic knowledge is evaluated by usual questions, questionnaires or necessary tests. Social participation is evaluated by students' actual performance and achievements.
(C) the form of credit system management and evaluation: in the evaluation process, teachers should not only participate, but also pay attention to self-evaluation and mutual evaluation, or participate in sports competitions to measure the evaluation of achievements.
The new curriculum pays attention to students' progress and development, discovers and develops students' various potentials and personalities, and encourages students to pay attention to their academic achievements and gain a sense of accomplishment; Help students to know themselves, build self-confidence, give full play to the educational function of evaluation, and emphasize students' development and learning process instead of results, thus promoting students' development and improvement. Personality is the bright spot of human nature, which makes all students have "bright spots" in physical education learning, which is more important for middle school students. As Suhomlinski once said: "The first golden rule of education is to let children feel the joy of labor and the joy of learning success, and arouse their pride and self-esteem."
Four. Concluding remarks
The new Curriculum Standard of Physical Education and Health has brought a revolution to school physical education. Whether it is the selection of teaching materials or the framework structure of teaching objectives, it will be more conducive to realizing the social function of sports and embodying the value of sports. Education is a career, a science and an art. The reform of education requires us to constantly study, reflect and practice, and more importantly, we need to dedicate, explore and create. The above points are my own experiences and attempts in teaching. In the future, I will further seize the opportunity of teaching reform and explore more new teaching methods and new ideas that meet the new curriculum standards.