The latest progress in neuroscience and child psychology shows that the brain is in the most plastic period from birth to five years old, which is also the most important period in children's development. Intervention in this period may be much more effective than in the later period. Children with good family and good education have great advantages from the beginning, because they get a lot of stimulation and informal learning at home. However, if done well, early education and nursing in public institutions can help those with less favorable backgrounds compete fairly.
Children, or rather teenagers, begin to understand abstract concepts, which enables them to make assumptions and finally draw conclusions by considering different perspectives, viewpoints and concepts. Their ability to solve problems will go further. They can handle multiple variables and make use of their previous experience and knowledge. Teenagers can finally understand concepts such as morality and philosophy. At this stage, parents can explain their children's problems step by step, and skillfully use visualization tools such as charts to support their children's learning, which is very helpful to children. We should also encourage children to explore more hypothetical situations. Parents can start introducing them to broader concepts, such as the global political system.
It should be pointed out that as children and adolescents become more and more independent, their cognitive development tends to be self-motivated. The role of parents in this respect is inevitably weakened. However, this does not mean that parents' education will be divorced from their growth. Since the development of social emotion will be the main challenge at this stage, parents still need to pay more attention to their children's other psychological activities.