Marxist view of nationality-Marxism absorbed the achievements of anthropology at that time and believed that nationality was the product of the development of human society to a certain historical stage; From primitive people to clans, tribes and tribal alliances; With the development of productive forces and the establishment of private ownership, slavery, feudalism and capitalism appeared one after another. He also believes that "people who oppress other ethnic groups cannot be liberated", and that ethnic oppression and exploitation are caused by private ownership and class opposition, so it is necessary to implement the socialist revolution and eliminate private ownership. * * * The declaration says: "As soon as the exploitation of people by people is eliminated, the exploitation of people by nations will also be eliminated. As soon as the class opposition within the nation disappears, the hostile relationship between nations disappears. " Lenin stressed the need to link the struggle for national independence and liberation with the cause of socialist revolution, and clearly put forward the slogan of national equality, saying: "Whoever does not recognize and adhere to national equality and language equality, and who does not oppose the oppression or inequality of all ethnic groups, is not a Marxist." Stalin put forward the definition of nation in Marxism and Ethnic Problems: "A nation is a stable community with a common language, a common region, a common economic life and a common psychological quality expressed by a common culture". He added: "As long as one of these characteristics is missing, a nation is not a nation." Stalin's definition has become the basic idea followed by ethnic researchers in New China. There are many profound thoughts in today's reflection on Marxist concept of state. For example, if we see the class opposition behind ethnic conflicts and attribute it to the existence of exploitation system, we can draw a revolutionary conclusion: only by reforming the unreasonable economic system can we fundamentally solve ethnic problems. From this we can see the incisiveness and sharpness of historical materialism. Marxism broke the national chauvinism barrier of colonialism and imperialism in human history, put forward the great slogan of equality of all nationalities in the world for the first time, and set an ideal goal for the development of ethnic relations, which is no less significant than the slogan of equality of human rights. Stalin's definition of ethnic issues has its academic basis in ethnology and anthropology, especially emphasizing the common psychological quality of all ethnic groups in the common culture, which is very valuable. However, there are still some shortcomings in the classic concept of nationality. First, when emphasizing the class factors in ethnic contradictions, the non-class factors of ethnic differences, especially cultural factors, were not fully pointed out, which led to China's left-leaning concept that "the essence of ethnic problems is class problems", which expanded the class struggle on ethnic issues and caused great losses. Secondly, Stalin dogmatized and pardoned the national definition, leaving no room for creative interpretation. China's ethnological research shows that a common language, a common region and a common economic life are essential when primitive peoples are formed. However, among the derived nationalities, among the nationalities that are constantly changing with the expansion of communication and migration, the common region and common economic life are no longer the inevitable attributes of the nationality, and the adaptation between the nationality and the language is not so strict. So this definition is only relatively reasonable. Third, when Stalin was in power in the Soviet Union, he failed to correctly practice the principle of national equality. On the contrary, he strengthened Russian chauvinism and reduced ethnic contradictions to class contradictions: Khrushchev later announced that the ethnic problems in the Soviet Union had been completely solved, obliterating ethnic differences and covering up ethnic contradictions. The final disintegration of the Soviet Union as a multi-ethnic community was the result of the long-term accumulation of ethnic contradictions in the Soviet Union, and the lesson was very painful and profound. On the basis of a comprehensive investigation of ethnology, the Soviet ethnology school formed under the influence of Marxism put forward two important concepts: "economic and cultural types" and "historical ethnic areas", which are more materialistic than the western theory of "cultural circles" and have their unique values. Supplement: Marxist religious view is an integral part of historical materialism. Its core view is that religion is regarded as social superstructure and ideology, and religion is determined by social existence, mainly economic foundation, and its root lies in the limitations and contradictions of social life. As Engels said: "All religions are just reflections in people's minds of the fantasy of external forces that dominate people's daily lives. In this kind of reflection, human power appears in the form of transcendental power. " Engels not only pointed out the origin of religion-the external force that dominates people's lives; It also points out the characteristics of religion-reflecting reality in the way of imaginary superhuman strength. Marx wrote in the book