Germany's terrain is low in the north and high in the south, which can be divided into four terrain areas: the northern part of Germany is a plain with an average elevation below 100 meters, which is part of the Bode Plain (Central Europe Plain) and borders on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Low terrain, cool climate in summer, cold in winter and poor soil. Mainly use grassland to develop animal husbandry, and also plant rye, oats and potatoes; The middle part is a mountain composed of east-west highlands; The southwest is the Rhine valley, and the steep mountains on both sides of the Rhine are forests and alpine pastures. The Bavarian Plateau and Alps are in the southeast. The valley area has long sunshine time and fertile soil, and is rich in fruits such as tobacco and grapes and hops used for brewing beer. Zugspitze (2963m above sea level) in the Alps is the highest peak in Germany.

The main external forces affecting the central European plain (Bode plain) and the eastern European plain and their manifestations: glacier erosion in geological period; The plain is undulating