Jiao Gao [2006]No. 16
First, deeply understand the importance and urgency of comprehensively improving the teaching quality of higher vocational education.
In recent years, China's higher vocational education has developed vigorously, which has trained a large number of high-quality skilled professionals for modernization and made important contributions to the popularization of higher education. It enriches the system structure of higher education and forms the system framework of higher vocational education. Comply with the people's strong demand for higher education. Higher vocational education, as a type of higher education development, shoulders the mission of cultivating high-skilled talents facing the frontline needs of production, construction, service and management, and plays an irreplaceable role in accelerating the process of socialist modernization in China. With China taking the road of new industrialization and building a new socialist countryside, the demand for highly skilled talents in innovative countries is increasing day by day, and higher vocational education is facing both good development opportunities and severe challenges.
Education administrative departments at all levels and higher vocational colleges should deeply realize that improving teaching quality in an all-round way is an inevitable requirement for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and an objective requirement for the development of higher vocational education itself. We should conscientiously implement the State Council's requirements on improving the quality of higher education, appropriately control the growth rate of enrollment in higher vocational colleges, relatively stabilize the enrollment scale, and earnestly focus on improving the quality. Fully implement the Party's educational policy, take service as the aim, take employment as the guidance, take the road of combining production with learning, train millions of high-quality skilled professionals for socialist modernization, and make due contributions to building a well-off society in an all-round way and building a harmonious socialist society.
Two, strengthen quality education, strengthen professional ethics, clear training objectives.
Higher vocational colleges should adhere to the principle of educating people, putting moral education first and taking moral education as the fundamental task. Under the guidance of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council's Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving Ideological and Political Education for College Students (Zhong Fa [2004]16), we should further strengthen ideological and political education and integrate the socialist core value system into the whole process of talent cultivation in higher vocational education. We should attach great importance to students' professional ethics education and legal education, cultivate students' awareness of honesty, professionalism, responsibility and law-abiding, and cultivate a group of high-quality skilled talents. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of counselors and class teachers, and advocate hiring model workers and technical experts as moral education counselors; Strengthening the Party Organization Construction in Higher Vocational Colleges and Actively Developing Student party member. According to the characteristics of students in higher vocational colleges, we should cultivate students' social adaptability, educate students to establish the concept of lifelong learning, improve their learning ability, learn to communicate and cooperate with teams, improve their practical ability, creative ability, employment ability and entrepreneurial ability, and cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development in morality, intelligence, physique and beauty.
Three, to serve the regional economic and social development, employment-oriented, accelerate the professional reform and construction.
According to the requirements of regional economic development, it is an important feature of higher vocational education to flexibly adjust and set up majors. The education administrative departments at all levels should promptly release the changes in the scale of personnel training, employment status and the relationship between supply and demand, and adjust and optimize the layout of professional structure. Higher vocational colleges should follow the changes of market demand in time, actively adapt to the needs of regional, industrial, economic and social development, and adjust and set up majors according to the conditions of running schools. According to the market demand and specialty setting, a professional group with key majors as the leader and related majors as the support will be established to provide radiation services to regions, industries, enterprises and rural areas to enhance students' employability. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the state will select a number of professional points with good basic conditions, distinctive characteristics, high school level and high employment rate for key construction, giving priority to supporting the combination of work and study and cultivating high-skilled talents. Encourage local and schools to work together to form a national, local (provincial) and school-level key professional construction system to promote the development of professional construction. Give play to the role of industry enterprises and professional teaching steering committees and strengthen the construction of professional teaching standards. Gradually build a vocational certification system, closely cooperate with labor, personnel and related industry departments, let qualified higher vocational colleges establish vocational skill appraisal institutions, carry out vocational skill appraisal, implement the "double certificate" system, and strengthen the cultivation of students' professional ability, so that more than 80% of graduates hold vocational qualification certificates.
Fourth, strengthen curriculum construction and reform to improve students' professional ability.
Curriculum construction and reform is the core of improving teaching quality, and it is also the focus and difficulty of teaching reform. Higher vocational colleges should actively cooperate with industry enterprises to develop courses, and reform the curriculum system and teaching content according to the requirements of technical fields and professional posts (groups) and referring to relevant professional qualification standards. Establish curriculum standards that emphasize the cultivation of professional ability, standardize the basic requirements of curriculum teaching, and improve the quality of curriculum teaching. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the state will start the construction of 1000 excellent courses of work-study combination, which will drive local and schools to strengthen curriculum construction. Reform teaching methods and means, integrate "teaching, learning and doing" and strengthen the cultivation of students' ability. Strengthen the construction of teaching materials, focus on the construction of about 3,000 national planning teaching materials, and jointly develop practical teaching materials closely integrated with production practice with industry enterprises to ensure that high-quality teaching materials enter the classroom. Attach importance to the utilization of high-quality teaching resources and network information resources, take modern information technology as an important means to improve teaching quality, continuously promote the co-construction and sharing of teaching resources, improve the efficiency of using high-quality teaching resources and expand benefits.
Five, vigorously promote the combination of work and study, highlight the cultivation of practical ability, and reform the talent training mode.
We should actively promote the learning mode of combining productive labor with social practice, take the combination of work and study as an important breakthrough in the reform of talent training mode in higher vocational education, drive the adjustment and construction of majors, and guide the reform of curriculum, teaching content and teaching methods. The reform of talent training mode pays attention to the practicality, openness and professionalism of teaching process, and experiment, practical training and internship are three key links. We should attach importance to the consistency between students' study and practical work, combine school performance assessment with enterprise practice assessment, and explore the integration of classroom and practice place; Actively carry out order-based training, and explore teaching modes that are conducive to improving students' ability, such as work-study alternation, task-driven, project-oriented and internship; Guide the establishment of enterprises to accept students' internships in higher vocational colleges, and strengthen students' production internships and social practice. Higher vocational colleges should ensure that students have at least half a year to practice in enterprises and other employers. The essence of work-study combination is that education is closely combined with social needs through enterprises. Higher vocational colleges should carry out vocational training for employees according to the needs of enterprises, cooperate with enterprises to carry out applied research and technology development, let enterprises participate in the reform and development of schools while sharing the advantages of school resources, and let schools innovate the talent training mode in school-enterprise cooperation.
Six, school-enterprise cooperation, strengthen the construction of practice base.
Strengthening the construction of training base is the key for higher vocational colleges to improve school conditions, highlight school characteristics and improve teaching quality. Higher vocational colleges should raise funds through multiple channels and forms in accordance with the laws of education and market and the principle of diversification of construction subjects; It is necessary to closely contact industry enterprises, cooperate with factories and schools, and constantly improve the conditions of training and internship bases. It is necessary to actively explore a new mode of school-enterprise combination in the construction of productive training bases in schools, in which schools provide venues and management, enterprises provide equipment, technology and teacher support, and enterprises are the main body of organizational training; Strengthen and promote off-campus practice, gradually increase the proportion of productive practice and off-campus practice, and improve students' practical ability. We should make full use of modern information technology to develop virtual factories, virtual workshops, virtual processes and virtual experiments. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the state will choose training bases with large market demand, flexible mechanism and outstanding benefits in key professional fields for support and construction, and form a number of productive training bases for high-level higher vocational education with great educational reform, high equipment level and high quality resource sharing.
Seven, pay attention to the "double-qualified" structure of teachers, reform the personnel distribution and management system, and strengthen the construction of professional teaching team combining full-time and part-time teaching.
The construction of teachers in higher vocational colleges should meet the needs of the reform of talent training mode, and reform the personnel distribution and management system in accordance with the inherent requirements of openness and professionalism and the overall deployment of the national personnel distribution system reform. It is necessary to increase the proportion of professional teachers with enterprise work experience, arrange professional teachers to practice in enterprises, accumulate practical work experience and improve practical teaching ability. At the same time, it is necessary to hire a large number of professionals and skilled craftsmen from industrial enterprises as part-time teachers in schools, gradually increase the proportion of part-time teachers, and gradually form a mechanism in which practical skills courses are mainly taught by part-time teachers with high corresponding skills. Pay attention to teachers' professional ethics, work and study experience and service ability of scientific and technological development, and guide teachers to serve enterprises and communities. Gradually establish a "double-qualified" teacher qualification certification system, and study and formulate the qualification standards and access system for teachers in higher vocational colleges. Pay attention to the training and continuing education of young and middle-aged teachers and improve their comprehensive quality and teaching ability. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the state will strengthen the training of backbone teachers and teaching administrators, build a group of excellent teaching teams, commend a group of professional leaders and backbone teachers who have made outstanding contributions in the field of higher vocational education, and improve the overall level of teachers.
Eight, strengthen teaching evaluation, improve the teaching quality guarantee system.
Higher vocational colleges should strengthen quality awareness, especially the construction of quality management system, attach importance to process monitoring, absorb employers to participate in teaching quality evaluation, and gradually improve the teaching quality guarantee system with schools as the core, education administrative departments as the guidance and social participation. Local education administrative departments should improve the five-year evaluation system of talent training in higher vocational colleges. In the evaluation process, we should take the employment rate and quality of graduates, the acquisition rate and quality of "double certificates", the cultivation of professional quality, the construction of productive training base, the implementation of post practice and the construction of professional teaching team as important evaluation indicators.
Nine, strengthen leadership, standardize management, to ensure the sustained and healthy development of higher vocational education.
The state will implement the construction plan of demonstration higher vocational colleges, with emphasis on supporting the construction of 100 demonstration colleges, leading the national higher vocational colleges to closely integrate with economic and social development, strengthening school-running characteristics, comprehensively improving teaching quality, and promoting the sustained and healthy development of higher vocational education. All localities should strengthen the overall management of higher vocational education, increase investment, formulate policies and measures, guide higher vocational colleges to actively serve the society, encourage industry enterprises to actively participate in running schools, promote the improvement of the overall running level of higher vocational colleges, and gradually form a higher vocational education system with reasonable structure, perfect functions, excellent quality and distinctive characteristics. Pay attention to the theoretical research and practice summary of higher vocational education, strengthen the publicity of the reform and development achievements of higher vocational education, enhance the society's understanding of higher vocational education and improve social recognition. We should attach great importance to the capacity building of the leading bodies in higher vocational colleges, establish a rotation training system, guide the school leaders to update their concepts, broaden their horizons, enhance their strategic thinking and scientific decision-making ability, and take the quality of personnel training as an important index to assess the leading bodies of the school. The leading bodies of the Party and government in higher vocational colleges should establish a scientific view of talents and quality, pay attention to connotation construction and quality improvement, and ensure the central position of teaching. It is necessary to strictly control education, standardize management, especially school-running behavior, and strictly control enrollment. Establish and improve various rules and regulations, improve the operating mechanism, maintain stability, and ensure the sustained and healthy development of higher vocational education.
The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
November 16th, 2006