Huang Yanpei advocated the establishment of communication education and occupation; Take the road of developing human life intelligence and service spirit, and let educators manage their own lives and serve the community; The ideological system of vocational education, in order to achieve the ultimate goal of making the unemployed have jobs and making those who have jobs happy. The theoretical basis of this system is his analysis of professional essence and educational function. He thinks. Occupation is the product of division of labor necessary for social survival, and education is the condition for the maintenance and development of all walks of life. He said: the center of all human problems is life. In order to survive, we must have supply, adopt the division of labor system from social life, strive for the improvement of work efficiency and the understanding and development of workers' nature and talent, and then adapt to our own work, so there is vocational education. The function of education is to preach, teach and dispel doubts. The knowledge and experience gained by predecessors are willing to be passed on to future generations, and future generations can improve from imitation and even make inventions. This is education. Therefore, education is the condition for continuing social production and social life and maintaining and developing all walks of life. Science is the forerunner of modern industrial revolution, and education is the forerunner of expanding scientific movement. Building today's commercial and industrial wars is nothing more than learning wars.
Huang Yanpei believes that occupation itself has a double meaning, that is to say, the word occupation, including making a living for oneself and serving the group, is actually two sides of the coin. Second, occupations meet the needs of the social division of labor system, and human beings should be born with uneven talents. It requires not only the relationship between supply and demand, but also the similarity of talents, so that people can get things, people can get things, the efficiency of all industries can be improved, and people can get professional fun. Therefore, according to the nature of vocational education, he believes that vocational education should achieve four purposes: first, to seek the development of personality; Second, personal preparation for making a living; 3. Prepare for personal service to society; Prepare for the country and the world to improve productivity.
It can be seen that Huang Yanpei's educational thought broke through the educational theory from the beginning, and further put forward the theory of grand vocational education from the limitation of vocational education to 1926. It can be said that his thought system of vocational education is the thought of big vocational education. Mainly includes the following arguments.
1. Promote vocational education, and at the same time, participate in sports in the whole society. Without social reform, education cannot be done well and vocational education cannot develop. He said, we deeply feel that without reasonable political ideas and measures, it is impossible for our education work to achieve any results. Only in the national society of national liberation, equality of civil rights and happiness of people's livelihood can vocational education realize its ideal of benefiting the people. On the other hand. Thanks to the efforts of vocational education, our national society with national liberation, national equality and happy people's livelihood can accelerate its rise.
2. To run a vocational school, we should try our best to communicate with all educational circles and professional circles at the same time. Must have the highest enthusiasm and participate in everything; Have the greatest measure and be all-inclusive. This includes the following.
(1) Communication between education and occupation, and communication between schools and society. The general school facilities are based on society, and the type of aircraft that can't move when landing is the big ring.
(2) Cooperation between construction and education. Combining education with industry, while placing talents and solving livelihood; On the one hand, the development of local industries.
(3) Adapting to needs is an inseparable principle of vocational education. The degree and academic system of vocational schools are completely determined according to the needs of society and the study of disciplines. It is also his principle that the study period of vocational schools should be segmented and each segment should be short. In terms of setting, we should not be confined to the system and ignore supply and demand. It should be multi-level, multi-form and multi-specification.
(4) Vocational education should be inclusive. Huang Yanpei once advocated various vocational education, such as vocational education after layoffs, vocational education for wounded soldiers, vocational education for victims, vocational education for flag-bearers and so on. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, China Vocational Education Association was entrusted to set up rehabilitation service institutions for the disabled and try out post-war vocational education for the disabled. In short, where there are livelihood issues, there should be vocational education.
3. Vocational education should be implemented in all kinds of education at all levels. Huang Yanpei said: vocational education in a broad sense, all education contains the meaning of occupation. General education should also be improved to meet professional needs. We should offer a variety of vocational preparation courses in primary schools or vocational courses in senior primary schools. Middle schools should not only prepare for universities, but also prepare for further study and employment. The mission of the college is to cultivate practical talents, and at the same time, we must pay attention to the cultivation of personality and avoid being utilitarian because of practicality. The real mission of university education is to cultivate lofty personality and profound knowledge. Courses must be professional and not too heavy.
4. Vocational education should cover the whole educational process and career. Its system should be: vocational training-vocational guidance-vocational education-vocational tutoring and re-tutoring.
5. The position of vocational education in the school system should be consistent, orthodox and holistic. Consistently, we should establish a vocational education system from primary to advanced, and other levels and types of education should also be connected with vocational education; Orthodoxy is to fundamentally break the traditional concept that school education takes preparation for further studies as the routine and preparation for employment as the exception, and completely eradicate the traditional concept that general education schools are orthodox education and vocational schools are partial education.
6. The school-running system should be controlled by the government (meaning overall planning), and the learning system should specialize in one subject and learn from each other. The two-pronged approach is to promote vocational schools on the one hand, and offer vocational courses in the upper grades of primary schools and middle schools on the other. Huang Yanpei believes that this has four advantages: consolidating the school and waiting for scholars to choose; Need to save money; College has relatively complete equipment, while general courses are more practical; Views on changing the class of scholars and employees. Mutual learning refers to entering the branch high school after graduating from junior high school, re-entering the college of the same subject for employment or internship for one year after graduation, and taking up the post after graduation; If there is the possibility of further development, re-entering the graduate school of the same subject is called academic consistency and learning from each other. Huang Yanpei believes that only those trained in this way have real talents and practical learning, which is completely different from those trained by qualifications and positions.
7. Implement all-round industry education. Comprehensive vocational education is to cultivate professional intelligence, professional ethics and service spirit, learn scientific knowledge, pay special attention to the cultivation of learning and practical ability, and train hands and brains together; It is absolutely necessary to adjust measures to local conditions, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, not only pay attention to professional intelligence, but also cultivate habits suitable for this life. Students should not lack ability, but should be full of desire; Attach importance to the cultivation of job-seeking ability and entrepreneurial spirit. Only in this way can vocational education be different from the education of improved artists.
Huang Yanpei's vocational education thought has had an important influence on the development of modern vocational education in China, and it still has great practical significance. He is an important founder of the modernization of vocational education in China. It has been 76 years since he founded China Vocational Education Institute. Before the national liberation, the Vocational Education Society had more than 30,000 members and published more than 20 kinds of publications and books/kloc-0. From 65,438+0965,438+07 to 65,438+0949, there are 65,438+00 schools, 49 vocational remedial education institutions, 25 vocational guidance institutions and 30 rural improvement undertakings, all of which are organized, handled or handled cumulatively. At present, China Vocational Education Association Corporation has local vocational education associations and branches in nine provinces and cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Yunnan, Henan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Anhui, Shenzhen and Chongqing, which is the people's education group with the longest activity time in China.