Although the two ethnic groups in the new fairy sword call themselves "Miao people" and their country is also called "Miaobian", I think they have nothing to do with the Miao people in reality! Because in reality, there are ethnic minorities who are more in line with the historical background of black and white Miao than Miao. This is the Yi people corresponding to "black seedlings" and the Bai people corresponding to "white seedlings". Although the Hundred Miao Pictures in the Qing Dynasty (now Taiwan Province Province) were classified as "black Miao", "white Miao", "flower Miao" and "green Miao", it was precisely because of the geographical barrier in southwest China that all branches of Miao advocated different colors. In addition, the ethnic division in the Qing Dynasty was unscientific. Classifiers classify many ethnic minorities in southwest China as Miao, only subdividing them according to the different colors of their costumes. Therefore, we can't judge that Zhao Linger is a Miao by the word Miao in black and white. According to my research, "black seedlings" and "white seedlings" should be closely related to the Yi and Bai people in reality, that is, the "black seedlings" in the game come from the Yi people and the "white seedlings" come from the Bai people.
First of all, from the perspective of ethnic distribution, the Miao population of 1990 is 7398040, of which 52% is located in Guizhou. Nanzhao and Dali in the new fairy sword story are both in Yunnan, but only 15% of Miao people live in Yunnan. For the Yi people, the population of 1990 is 65,725,438+0.7 million, of which 60% is located in Yunnan. 1990 Bai population1594.83 million, 90% in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan! Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture borders Wei Chu in the east. Even in Dali Prefecture, although Bai is the largest minority with a population of 33%, Yi is the second largest minority with a population of 12%.
Secondly, from the linguistic point of view, Miao language belongs to the branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Yi language belongs to the Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and Bai language belongs to the Yi branch of Tibeto-Burman family of Sino-Tibetan language family as well as Yi language.
Then, from the perspective of national characteristics such as dress customs, Miao people like silver headdresses, which are exquisitely made and complicated. The Yi and Bai people obviously don't have this custom. Yi men wrap their heads in black cloth or blue cloth, and tie a prominent slender conical angle-"hero knot" at the right front. Women wear colored or black headscarves, trimmed or embroidered right-back tops and long pleated skirts (which are beautiful). When going out, both men and women wear black cloaks made of wool. Bai men like to wrap their heads in white cloth or blue cloth and wear white clothes and trousers. Bai people have a saying that "be handsome and filial", which shows their preference for white. The woman's headdress is the famous "rockhopper hat" (this is also beautiful). This headdress has four anecdotes: Xiaguan Wind (long white spike hanging from the left shoulder), Shangguan Flower (red Du Juanhua embedded in the brim), Cangshan Snow (white spike protruding from the brim last week) and Erhai Moon (hat shape before bangs). In the new fairy sword, when Shenmulin and Anu walked together, she was originally equipped with a phoenix hat, but from the outside, it was different from the headdress of Bai women now. Women like to wear white coats, wide blue jackets and short vests embroidered with ribbons. From the point of view of the game, it is obvious that Daewoo's painter designed his appearance according to Yimen's clothes, whether it is his dialogue head or battle picture. The modeling of "Bai Miao" Ge Luojiao and others obviously borrowed from the costumes of Bai women. Besides, in the past, both Yi and Bai people used tigers as totems. Now Yi people celebrate the famous "Torch Festival" on June 24th and Bai people celebrate it on June 25th. Miao people have no similar customs.
Finally, let's look at the origin and blood relationship of these ethnic groups. The origin of Miao nationality is very complicated. Miao ancestors migrated from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River to the southwest of the motherland, assimilated the Guyue nationality and some ethnic groups in the southwest, and formed the Miao nationality, which is a common view at present. For Yi and Bai people, it is generally believed that they all originated from frontier strongmen who lived in southwest Gansu and most of Qinghai in ancient times, and their activity centers were in Xichang, Sichuan and Dianchi Lake, Yunnan from pre-Qin to early AD. After the 3rd century (Three Kingdoms Period), it gradually went south to the northeast and south of Yunnan and the northwest of Guizhou. At this time, four families, including Xian family, ruled the local area. In the 5th and 6th centuries (Southern and Northern Dynasties), cuan clan became the most powerful surname in Yunnan, so people called its commander-in-chief the southwest minority "Xian". In the book Schumann of Han people, it is divided into two parts: East and West. Ethnically speaking, the eastern part is dominated by Wu Man, while the western part is dominated by Bai people. Wuman and Baiman are the common ancestors of Yi and Bai nationalities in southwest China. It should be pointed out that addressing "Wuman" and "Baiman" at this time is the disrespect of the Han nationality to ethnic minorities. "Black" and "white" mean "raw" and "cooked". Those who have a lot of contact with the Han nationality and actively accept Chinese culture are called white barbarians, and vice versa. In Schumann, it takes three turns and five turns to communicate with Chinese, and Bai Man's pronunciation is the most correct (the "correct" here is compared with Chinese). At present, 50 ~ 60% of the vernacular Chinese use Chinese characters or Chinese loanwords. The custom of recording white language with Chinese characters can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. This may provide inspiration for the game in which "Black Miao" hates Han people and "White Miao" lives in harmony with Han people.
Wuman and Baiman in history and Yi and Bai people now.
Since it can be said for sure that the "black Miao" and "white Miao" in the new fairy sword correspond to the Yi and Bai nationalities in reality respectively, if we want to continue to understand their historical background, we can't help but mention the historical Wu Man and Bai Man.
First of all, it is pointed out that Wuman and Baiman are not ethnic groups, but the Han people's derogatory terms for southwest ethnic minorities at that time. In fact, there was no real concept of nationality at that time. It is generally believed that Wuman and Baiman are the common ancestors of Yi and Bai. On the basis of Wuman, other ethnic minorities in southwest China were merged to form the later Yi nationality, and on the basis of Baiman, some Han nationality and Wuman were merged to form the later Bai nationality.
As mentioned earlier, in the 5th century, the southwest was ruled by the cuan clan family, until the Sui Dynasty actually formed a local separatist regime in the southwest. When Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, the Han army conquered cuan clan on a large scale. Although it was not destroyed, it dealt a heavy blow to its strength and prepared conditions for the rise of the barbarian Nanzhao Kingdom in the future.
During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty (627 ~ 649), the Central Plains regime established 92 countries of detention in the areas under the jurisdiction of the Central Plains. In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (738), Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty made Pirog, the leader of the barbarians, king of Yunnan. After the unification of Ukraine and Manchuria by Pelog and the establishment of Nanzhao Kingdom ("imperial edict" means "king"). Nanzhao (649 ~ 902) was a frontier slave national regime established by Wuman and Baiman in southwest China. Nanzhao's original foreign policy was to rely on the Tang Dynasty in the Central Plains. However, at this time, under the control of Yang, Xuanzong practiced the policy of alienating ethnic minorities, making them conquer each other and being controlled by barbarians. Nanzhao had to stand on the side of Tubo, which had a fierce conflict with the Tang Dynasty at that time. However, Nanzhao continued to show kindness to the Tang Dynasty. Tens of thousands of troops that Xuanzong later sent to conquer were all killed by Nanzhao. Nanzhao also buried the bodies of Tang Jun's fallen soldiers and erected a monument in front of mass graves to show such helplessness. After the Anshi Rebellion, the power contrast between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo was obviously biased towards the Tubo side. Tubo not only occupied the Western Regions and the Northern Dynasties of the Tang Dynasty (equivalent to Gansu, Xinjiang and Mongolia to the west of Shaanxi now), but also entered Chang 'an, forcing Tang Gaozong to flee. Therefore, in order to break Tubo's right arm, the Tang Dynasty changed its policy towards Nanzhao. Nanzhao was also oppressed and exploited by Tubo. The two sides hit it off, and the relationship was much warmer than at first. Nanzhao quickly became powerful, and its ruling area included southwest Sichuan south of Dadu River, the whole of Yunnan and the vast area of northwest Guizhou. Even conquered Burma and Cambodia in Indian zhina Peninsula. At the beginning of Nanzhao, the second generation of luo feng, Gewang of Nanzhao, forcibly moved the white people originally distributed in central Yunnan to northwest Yunnan, making Cangshan Erhai area the economic and cultural center of Nanzhao, where the white people grew into a nation. Nanzhao also raided Chengdu in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, plundering more than 30,000 craftsmen and residents. The skills and knowledge of these Han people promoted the development of Nanzhao, influenced its political system deeply by the Central Plains, and imitated its culture and education.
The history of Nanzhao is basically the same as that of the Tang Dynasty. In the end, the regime fell to Zheng Maisi, a descendant of Han Chinese who was plundered from Chengdu at that time. At this time, he has been assimilated by Bai Man. Zheng Maisi ascended the throne by wrist, but was soon replaced by others. For more than 30 years, this regime has been in the hands of several big shots. In the second year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (937), Duan Siping, a famous Bai man, established Dali Kingdom on the ruins of Nanzhao regime (937 ~ 1253), which is a national regime established by ethnic minorities with Bai ancestors as the main body in Yunnan today. Its ruling area starts from Hengshan, Pu 'an Road in the east (now Pu 'an, Guizhou), reaches Jiangtou City, Myanmar (now Jiesha, Myanmar) in the west, reaches Lucang River, Lin 'an Road in the south (now Heihe River in northern Laizhou, Vietnam), and reaches Luoluo Dadu River in the north. The political system is basically the same as Nanzhao, but the social economy has developed greatly compared with Nanzhao. Many people first learned about Dali from Mr. Jin Yong's martial arts masterpiece "Tian Long Ba Bu". In fact, Dali is indeed a tourist attraction with strong ethnic customs. If you have the chance to go, don't forget to take a photo with the Bai girls near butterfly spring, and then try the famous Bai three tea! It would be better to catch the Torch Festival, hehe ~
Compared with Nanzhao, Dali was more friendly to the Han regime in the Central Plains during the Song Dynasty. Wang Yizhi of Dali asked the Song Emperor to increase his title. However, during the Huang Chao Uprising in the Tang Dynasty in the Song Dynasty, Tang Jun mainly defended Nanzhao in the southwest, which led to the destruction of Chang 'an and accelerated the demise of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, he has always been vigilant against Dali. Later, I saw that Dali really pursued pacifism, which was very different from Liao, Jin and Xixia in the north. It was only after sealing the Dali King that the mutual market was opened. In the early period of Dali, the imperial power was relatively concentrated. In the mid-term, local governors gradually lost control, many of them established their own independent kingdoms, and some even threatened the rule of Dali King by force. At this time, a high-ranking warlord rose up, worked hard to strengthen the country, tied the governors everywhere by strength, and was also named prime minister for his work. But who knows this gentleman has other plans? Later, he forced Duan Wang to make way for him. However, after staying on the stage for a period of time, this gentleman found that when the king became the target of public criticism, he didn't stand behind the king and manipulate him more readily, so he told his son to give way to Duan before he died. So Duan's country was restored to the motherland. Later, the post of Prime Minister of Dali was held by Gao Descendants (similar to Japanese shogunate hereditary), and later Dali was also called the post-administering Power. At this time, the regime was in the master, and Duan Wang was just a puppet. By the way, the first king of Hou Li was Duan. Hehe, not the lover in Eight Dragons! Also, the name of his son, the next king, is Duan (not Duan Yu). It seems that Lao Yong also mentioned some historical background of Dali!
Historical background of "black seedling" and "white seedling"
Dali has always been like this with the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. 1253 In order to conquer and destroy the Southern Song Dynasty, Mongolia entered Dali to form an encirclement of the Southern Song Dynasty. The prime minister Gao led his troops to resist being killed, and Duan Wang escaped and was captured. Kublai Khan named the last king of Dali as the hereditary general manager of Dali, managing the area near Dali City, and named a son Liang Wang as the hereditary supervisor of Yunnan. Later, Yunnan Province was established. Duan thanked Kublai Khan for not killing him, and recruited the children of Bai Man and Wu Man to form an "inch white army" (that is, the White Army) to assist the Yuan Army in fighting and make meritorious deeds in the battlefield in the south of the Yangtze River.
After the rise of Zhu Yuanzhang, he sent troops into Yunnan, leaving Mu Ying (the ancestor of Zhong Muwang, Duke of Lushan) in Yunnan forever. At this point, Dali kingdom only withdrew from the historical stage, and Dali became a past tense in people's memory.
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The above is history. Now let's look at the Yi and Bai nationalities. These two nationalities were in the Yuan Dynasty.
Formed in the Ming Dynasty. At this time, the Yi people were called Heicuo or Luo Luo, calling themselves "Su Nuo" and "Na Su" ("Nuo" means black and "Su" means human), Luo Luo and so on. After liberation, the Yi people were officially named after a ritual vessel during national sacrifice. After liberation, slavery was abolished in Yi areas, which enabled 690,000 slaves to gain personal freedom and equal political status. The Yi people live on rice, corn, buckwheat and potatoes, and the wooden utensils are painted with red, black and Huang San pigments. Yi people believe in polytheism and worship their ancestors. There is no evidence that they have a special worship of Nu Wa. Yi people practice cremation. There are folk stories about "Axi jumping on the moon" and "Ashima". During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Bai people were called Bai Yi and Bai. They call themselves "Bai Zi" and "Bai Ni". After liberation, it was officially named Bai. Bai people are mainly engaged in agriculture. Grow rice and refine copper. Handicraft industry is developed, and marble processing has been famous at home and abroad since the Tang Dynasty. Lacquerware, silverware and carpentry are all famous for their exquisite skills. "March Street" in Dali and "Yutanhui" in Deng Chuan are both trade fairs (now also tourism projects). The Bai people's staple food is rice, wheat, corn and buckwheat. Bai people believe in Buddhism and the Lord (village god). The host is generally not a person, but the descendants of the host couple and attendants, ranging from more than 20 to more than 80. There are different villages in different places, including gods of nature, generals in history, national heroes and adopted daughters. I also believe in witches and ghosts. There is no evidence that he believes in Nuwa. Bai people don't use coffins for burial, but hang crossbows or knitting tools used by the deceased before their deaths. There are many folklores of the Bai nationality, the most famous of which is "Five Golden Flowers".
Taihe City was abandoned in the Yuan Dynasty, so we don't know much about the layout of palaces, houses and streets in the city today. Today, there are only two ruins of the city wall in the north and south; The western end of the north wall starts from Cangshan Giant Buddha Peak and extends eastward to the shore of Erhai Lake, with a total length of about 2 kilometers. The western end of the South City Wall starts from the northern foot of Wuzhishan Mountain and extends eastward to Erhaibian Village, with a total length of about 1.5km. The two city walls are made of rammed earth layer by layer, which are very strong. The well-preserved eastern part of the south city wall is still about 3 meters above the ground. The top of the Buddha is the commanding height of the whole city. There used to be a small town called "King Kong City" or "Nanzhao Summer Palace", which was irregular and round, with a circumference of about 1 km, and was connected with the north wall. There is an earthen platform in the city, which should be the base of the original building, with an area of about 3600 meters. This town should be part of Taihe city. Around today's Taihe Village, on the gentle slope of the Giant Buddha Peak, there are occasional Nanzhao relics such as thick cloth tiles and orange pottery pieces before and after liberation.
In order to defend Taihe City, Nanzhao King also built Longkou City and Weilong City on it. Later records called them "Longshouguan" and "Longweiguan", and they were built repeatedly. The former is Shangguan in today's Dali, and the latter is Xiaguan in Dali, but only the ruins are preserved.
In the 14th year of Dali (779), Nanzhao and Tubo joined forces to attack Chengdu and suffered a crushing defeat. King Nanzhao was afraid that Tubo would be angry with himself, so he moved the capital from Taihe City to Yangmao City (later Dali City) and "built fifteen miles". The site of Yang Jucheng is located in the west of the old city of Dali, later called Zicheng and Dali. From the middle and late Nanzhao to the demise of Dali for more than 470 years, it has been the capital of local governments.
Choose Yangmaocheng as the capital, just like the capital of Taihe City in those days, because it "leans on Cangshan Mountain in the west and Erhai Lake in the east", that is, Cangshan Erhai Lake can also be used as a natural barrier, just need to build two walls in the north and south. The layout and architectural style of Dali City are the same as those in the mainland, and its hall building is also a kind of beamless hall-style building popular in the Central Plains since the Six Dynasties. In addition to the magnificent Nanzhao Palace and the residence of officials, it is said that Wuhua Building was built in the late Nanzhao period. Today, only one north wall remains in the ruins of Yangcuo City. On both sides of Meixi River, it starts from Cangshan Peak in the west and reaches the northwest corner of Dali Ancient City in the east. The city wall is made of stone and mud intermittently, and only the part near Cangshan Mountain is intact. The rest is 4-5 meters from the ground, with a total length of about 1 km, a base layer thickness of 6-8 meters and a top layer thickness of 1 m. This is a natural stream.
The last words.
To sum up, we can draw a conclusion that the "black seedlings" and "white seedlings" in the new fairy sword are not fictional by the author, but have a profound historical background. Perhaps there is no clear one-to-one correspondence between fiction and reality in the author's creation, that is, "black Miao" corresponds to Yi people and "white Miao" corresponds to Bai people, but we can still find some clues from the plot changes of the game. It is very likely that the author only uses his accumulated historical knowledge to write the script, but all his creations come from history and are not far from the real historical background. Looking at the costumes of "Black Miao" and "White Miao" and listening to the names of Nanzhao and Dali, I really felt the kindness of the historical view in the new fairy sword. There is emptiness in reality, emptiness in reality, and emptiness in fiction and fact. I can't help but sigh the magic of the world of the sword. Let me sigh the impermanence of fate and the tricks nature plays on the life and death of characters on the premise of knowing the fiction of the story. I think the historical background of the new fairy sword may be just a bag. If we peel off the layers of appearances, we can find some eternal topics in the story. ...