The first volume of the fifth-grade compulsory education curriculum standard experimental textbook "Mathematics" compiled by the Primary School Mathematics Room and Curriculum Textbook Research and Development Center of the People's Education Publishing House is based on the basic ideas and prescribed teaching contents of the "Full-time Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standard (Experimental Draft)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Standard"), and is compiled on the basis of summarizing the research and use experience of the current nine-year compulsory education primary school mathematics textbook. On the one hand, the editor tries to embody the new concept of teaching materials, teaching and learning, and at the same time pays attention to the feasibility of the measures taken to make the experimental teaching materials innovative, practical and open. On the other hand, we should pay attention to the relationship between inheritance and development, not only to embody the new concept of mathematics education reform, but also to maintain the fine tradition of mathematics education in China, so that the teaching materials are basic, rich and developmental.

The following is a brief explanation of several main problems in this textbook for teachers' reference.

First, the teaching content and teaching objectives

This textbook includes the following contents: decimal multiplication, decimal division, simple equation, observation object, polygon area, statistics and possibility, mathematical wide angle and comprehensive application of mathematics.

Fractional multiplication, fractional division, simple equation, polygon area, statistics and possibility are the key teaching contents of this textbook.

In number and algebra, this textbook arranges decimal multiplication, decimal division and simple equations. The multiplication and division of decimals is widely used in real life and mathematics learning, and it is the basic knowledge and skills that primary school students should master and form. This part of the content is to continue to cultivate students' four decimal operations on the basis of learning four integer operations and decimal addition and subtraction operations before. The unary equation is a unit that focuses on teaching the basic knowledge of algebra in primary school. In this unit, the contents of expressing numbers with letters, the properties of equations, solving simple equations, expressing equivalence relations with equations and solving simple practical problems are arranged, which further develops students' abstract thinking ability and improves their ability to solve problems.

In terms of space and graphics, this textbook arranges two units to observe the area of objects and polygons. On the basis of existing knowledge and experience, through rich mathematical practice activities, students can gain the experience of inquiry learning and identify the shapes and relative positions of objects seen from different directions; Explore and understand the characteristics of various graphics, the relationship between graphics and the transformation between graphics, master the area formulas of parallelogram, triangle and trapezoid and the relationship between formulas, infiltrate the mathematical thinking method of translation, rotation and transformation, and promote the further development of students' space concept.

In statistics and probability, this textbook allows students to learn probability and median. Through operation and experiment, let students experience the equal possibility of events and the fairness of game rules, and learn to discover the possibility of certain events; Teach the median on the basis of the average, so that students can understand the statistical significance, characteristics and application scope of the average and the median respectively; Further understand the role of statistics and probability in real life.

In solving problems with mathematics, on the one hand, the textbook combines two units of decimal multiplication and division, and teaching uses multiplication and division knowledge to solve simple problems in life; On the other hand, the teaching content of "Wide Angle of Mathematics" is arranged. Through observation, guessing, experiment, reasoning and other activities, the elementary mathematics thinking method of digital coding is infiltrated into students, and it is realized that the regular arrangement of numbers can make the information exchange between people safe, orderly and fast, bring convenience to people's life and work, and feel the charm of mathematics. Cultivate students' sense of symbol, ability of observation, analysis and reasoning, interest in exploring mathematical problems, and awareness of discovering and appreciating mathematical beauty.

According to students' mathematical knowledge and life experience, this textbook arranges two practical activities of comprehensive application of mathematics, so that students can use what they have learned to solve problems, experience the fun of exploration and the practical application of mathematics, and cultivate students' mathematical consciousness and practical ability through group cooperative exploration activities.

The teaching goal of this textbook is to enable students to:

1. Skilled written calculation of decimal multiplication and division.

2. In specific situations, we will use letters to represent numbers, understand the properties of equations, use the properties of equations to solve simple equations, and use equations to represent equivalent relationships in simple situations to solve problems.

3. Explore and master the area formulas of parallelogram, triangle and trapezoid.

4. Be able to recognize the shapes and relative positions of objects seen from different directions.

5. To understand the meaning of median, we need to find the median of data.

6. Experience the equal possibility of events and the fairness of the rules of the game, requiring the possibility of certain events; It can predict the possibility of simple events and further understand the role of probability in real life.

7. Experience the process of finding, asking and solving problems in real life, understand the role of mathematics in daily life, and initially form the ability to solve problems by comprehensively applying mathematical knowledge.

8. Understand the thinking method of digital coding, cultivate the consciousness of discovering mathematics in life, and initially form the ability of observation, analysis and reasoning.

9. Experience the fun of learning mathematics, improve the interest in learning mathematics, and build confidence in learning mathematics well.

10. Develop a good habit of doing your homework carefully and writing neatly.