First, the concept of supervision by public opinion
Generally speaking, supervision by public opinion refers to the publicity of party affairs, government affairs and all public affairs by the public through the news media, and the supervision of administrative activities of civil servants and public figures (including politicians, entertainers, listed companies, etc.) in state organs at all levels. This kind of supervision includes both exposure and criticism, as well as evaluation and suggestions. Broadly speaking, supervision by public opinion means that citizens have the right and freedom to supervise state and social affairs by public opinion. On the basis of understanding the situation, citizens exercise the supervision power entrusted by law, express public opinion and influence public decision-making through certain organizational forms and media. Public opinion supervision is an important aspect of democratic supervision and a necessary link of social democracy, and its implementation is an institutionalized process. The supervision system of public opinion should ensure that public opinion is transformed into action measures through certain legislative procedures.
In a narrow sense, it refers to the supervision of news public opinion. Citizens have the right and freedom to fully express their opinions, suggestions and voices and express their will by using the news media according to law; Enjoy the right and freedom of public opinion to supervise state and social affairs. News supervision by public opinion originates from the development of public opinion and mass communication. The supervision of news and public opinion in China is essentially the supervision of the people, which means that the party and the people supervise the work and social affairs of party and government organs and other staff at all levels through news and public opinion. It is an important symbol of the development of socialist democracy, the healthy development of the country and the progress of social civilization.
Second, why should public opinion supervise?
1, which is the inevitable result of further emancipating the mind. Emancipating the mind means to dare to think, do, take risks and innovate, break the forbidden zone, and constantly discover, expose, discuss and solve problems, so as to promote the construction of a harmonious society and provide guarantee for enriching the people and strengthening the city. With the continuous development of emancipating the mind, people's minds will be more and more liberated and open, and the tentacles of people's thinking will be more and more extended, which will inevitably be everywhere and comprehensively supervise all corners of the government and society. Freedom of speech and supervision by public opinion are the general trend and inevitable result of historical development and progress of human civilization. With the development of the Internet and the popularization of computers, the dissemination of information will become more and more convenient, and the government will gradually improve transparency. Especially with the implementation of "Regulations on the Openness of Government Information in People's Republic of China (PRC)", the government will gradually become a sunshine government and consciously accept the supervision of the broad masses of the people.
This is the requirement of the CPC Central Committee. Public opinion supervision is a mirror of our party's anti-corruption and honesty, and it can correct mistakes in work in time. Enthusiastic support for media supervision at all levels is the requirement of the CPC Central Committee. Article 33 of the Regulations on Inner-Party Supervision in China (for Trial Implementation) clearly stipulates: "The news media shall, under the leadership of the Party and in accordance with relevant regulations and procedures, give play to the role of public opinion supervision through internal reflection or public reporting. Party organizations at all levels and leading cadres in party member should attach importance to and support public opinion supervision, listen to opinions, and promote and improve their work. " The Work Plan for Establishing and Perfecting the System of Punishing and Preventing Corruption for 2008-20 12 issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on May 6, 2008 proposes that leading cadres at all levels should treat the supervision by public opinion correctly and enhance their consciousness of accepting the supervision by public opinion. The seventh plenary session of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held from June 8 to June 8, 2007 called for strengthening the supervision of the people, democratic parties and personages without party affiliation and the news media.
This is the demand of the masses. The masses often ask the government to solve problems or expose corruption, and they often use leapfrog petition. However, due to the increasing demands of the masses, leapfrog petition can not meet the needs of the masses. Moreover, for leapfrog petitions, the petition department of the higher-level government will generally return to the original unit for processing. In this way, the masses are often dissatisfied and turn to the news media to complain, and more and more people ask the news media to complain. Once the news media appeals for it, it will form a strong pressure of public opinion and cause widespread concern, especially the attention of party and government leaders. Such problems are often solved quickly.
This is an important part of democratic political construction. The report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out: "It is necessary to improve the democratic system, enrich democratic forms, broaden democratic channels, implement democratic elections, democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision according to law, and protect people's right to know, participate, express and supervise." Public opinion supervision is a very effective form of democratic supervision and a very effective measure to protect people's right to know, participate, express and supervise. Therefore, supporting public opinion supervision is one of the important contents of democratic political construction.
This is an effective measure to build a harmonious society and enrich the people and strengthen the city. There are many channels for people to express their opinions and make suggestions, but the news media is the most convenient and effective way. Therefore, by reflecting the opinions and suggestions of the masses, the news media can supervise the decision-making of the party and the government, which can improve the enthusiasm of the masses for democratic supervision, attract the masses to participate in the discussion of state affairs, promote the democratization and scientificization of the decision-making of the party and the government, prompt the timely solution of many social problems, eliminate the unfavorable factors affecting the construction of a harmonious society, promote the construction of a harmonious society, and provide a good environment for enriching the people and strengthening the city.
Third, how can the news media give full play to the role of public opinion supervision?
News media is the main carrier of public opinion supervision. Therefore, in recent years, our bureau has made some useful attempts to carry out public opinion supervision, and has opened a number of public opinion supervision columns. For example, the "professional hotline" run by radio stations, the "social horizon" and "people's livelihood through train" run by TV stations have attracted great attention from all walks of life, with the aim of "three closeness". However, with the overall progress of society and profound changes in real life, people pay more and more attention to public opinion supervision, and the demand is becoming more and more urgent. This requires us to fully understand the importance of strengthening public opinion supervision under the new historical conditions, further emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, keep pace with the times, adhere to the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic, combine the will of the Party with the voice of the people, and strengthen and improve public opinion supervision.
(1) To carry out news supervision by public opinion, we should straighten out the relationship between public opinion supervision and public opinion orientation.
News public opinion can never deviate from the correct direction of public opinion. Adhering to the principle of party spirit and the principle of giving priority to positive publicity is the fundamental guarantee for adhering to the correct orientation of news public opinion and the key to correctly implementing supervision by public opinion. Positive reporting and giving play to the role of public opinion supervision complement each other. Giving priority to positive reports is not a restriction on news media, but is determined by the inherent laws of socialist journalism and the objective requirements of our great era. We are facing an era of profound changes and rapid changes, and we have reason to confidently report new things, new weather, new changes and new models that have emerged in the reform and opening up. However, since there is still negative corruption in our life, there is no reason to give up the weapon of public opinion supervision. In fact, carrying out correct supervision by public opinion plays an irreplaceable role in improving the work of the party and the government, enhancing the democracy and scientificity of decision-making, combating corruption and promoting honesty, strengthening the body resistance and eliminating evil spirits, and purifying the party style and social atmosphere. Some people think that public opinion supervision is bound by public opinion orientation and will hinder the development of public opinion supervision. Actually, this is a misunderstanding. The supervision of news public opinion is based on correct public opinion guidance and serves for public opinion guidance. Therefore, public opinion supervision and public opinion guidance can not be separated or independent, but interdependent and complementary. Public opinion guidance has created a good environment for public opinion supervision and promoted its healthy development along the right track. Therefore, we should stick to positive reports and not exclude proper supervision by public opinion.
(two) to carry out supervision by public opinion, we must adhere to the principle of authenticity.
Truth is the life of news, the way of news lies in seeking truth, and public opinion supervision must be completely true, which is the basis of public opinion supervision. Only by being believed by the audience first can we talk about public opinion supervision. If the audience thinks it is false, they will not look, listen or speak, and public opinion supervision will not play a role. So we must adhere to the principle of authenticity.
The first is to be slightly real. In other words, the specific facts must be completely true and accurate, and the time, place, people, events and reasons of the facts must be accurate. In fact, what people do, say, think and feel are all real and cannot be reasonably imagined. On-the-spot interviews should be advocated. As a reporter, when an incident happens, he should go to the scene of the incident quickly and master a lot of first-hand information with his own personal feelings, so as to prevent the supervised person from starting from his own likes and dislikes, confusing facts, fabricating facts or reasonable imagination, and making it difficult to distinguish the truth.
The second is essential truth, that is, revealing the essence of facts. Generally speaking, it is easier to grasp the microscopic truth, but it is much more difficult to grasp the essential truth. This requires journalists to have profound life experience, extensive knowledge and profound insight. In essence, the facts of supervision should be made clear, one is one and the other is two, without exaggeration, reduction, distortion, one-sided, well-founded, true and conclusive, and the names of people, positions, units, people and plots should be verified one by one to prevent "one-sided generalization and darkness".
The third is to be objective and fair. To judge right and wrong and evaluate things, we should take the relevant policies and laws of the party and the state as the standard, and prevent subjective assumptions and sentimentality. It is necessary to comprehensively and dialectically observe and analyze controversial issues, fully consider the complexity of the actual situation, be good at listening to different opinions, and persist in convincing people by reasoning. The issues involved in public opinion supervision should be thoroughly studied, and opinions from all sides should be widely listened to, so as to ensure that the sources of information are true and reliable and the contents of reports are accurate.
(C) to carry out supervision by public opinion, we should pay attention to ways and means.
What kind of ways and means to implement public opinion supervision is a problem worthy of discussion. There are various forms of public opinion supervision, and the content determines the form, and the form serves the content. We should strive to achieve the unity of content and form, motivation and effect.
-Seize the opportunity. It is necessary to focus on the central work of the party and the government in each period and correctly carry out supervision by public opinion.
-Help me stay out of trouble. The supervision of news public opinion should not only act according to news laws, but also have political consciousness, overall situation consciousness and responsibility consciousness. What can be reported, what can't be reported, when it is appropriate to report, how many times it can achieve its goal, what kind of response it will cause after reporting, and so on. , must be thoroughly considered before the project implementation. First, be fair to the public, second, serve the overall situation, third, convince people with reason, fourth, grasp the degree, and fifth, abide by the discipline of news propaganda.
-to realize the "four benefits". First, develop socialist democracy and improve the socialist legal system; Second, it is conducive to reflecting the opinions and voices of the people and to close the ties between the party and the government and the people; Third, it is conducive to strengthening the construction of party style and clean government and maintaining the good image of the party and the government; Fourth, it is conducive to promoting healthy trends, criticizing current malpractices, straightening out emotions, resolving contradictions and maintaining social stability.
(D) to carry out supervision by public opinion, team quality is the most basic condition.
Public opinion supervision is facing the right and wrong of social phenomena. Therefore, doing a good job of public opinion supervision puts forward high requirements for the quality of the editorial team:
First, we should strengthen the education, training and management of news editors. It is necessary to organize news editors to seriously study Marxist news view and always adhere to the correct direction of public opinion. Educational editors should correctly understand and use the power of public opinion supervision, straighten their position, correct the purpose of public opinion supervision, and improve the level of public opinion supervision.
Secondly, news editors should adhere to the objective principle, do not bring personal grievances, likes and dislikes into reports, do not act as a tool for personal conflicts of interest, and strive to establish the humanistic spirit of caring for the weak and the independent character of the strong;
Thirdly, news editors should establish the concept of legal system, pay full attention to the role of law in public opinion supervision, and strictly abide by the national constitution and good laws in public opinion supervision.
Fourth, news editors must establish the concept of role. As the main body of public opinion supervision, as the internal cause of promoting public opinion supervision, we should improve our understanding, strengthen our self-cultivation, win the support of public opinion, win the understanding and cooperation of all sectors of society, give full play to the power of public opinion supervision, and ensure that public opinion supervision is carried out healthily, smoothly, effectively and correctly.
Fifth, news editors must establish a sense of quality products, improve their sensitivity to news clues, attract public attention with efficient and in-place public opinion supervision, get the full attention of the party Committee and government, effectively guide public opinion, promote the relaxation and resolution of contradictions, and play an application role in promoting social development and stability.