Literacy refers to the quality and accomplishment that a person should have when he is engaged in a certain job. Refers to a person's morality, intelligence, talent and physique. Political literacy mainly refers to the cultivation of political qualities such as political stance, political quality and political control level, which is the embodiment of party spirit and class nature. According to the requirements of the ideological and moral curriculum standard of the Ministry of Education, students are required to receive education in psychology, morality, law and common sense of national conditions in junior high school, and morality, law and national policies all have distinct class nature. Therefore, ideological and moral education for minors is to cultivate and improve students' ideological and political literacy.

1. It is of great significance to vigorously cultivate and improve the ideological and political literacy of middle school students;

1. 1 is the need of teenagers' growth.

The education of minors has always been highly concerned by the whole society. Both parents and teachers find students difficult to manage and teach. Where is the difficulty? The difficulty lies in the complexity and diversity of juvenile problems: low moral level; Weak sense of discipline; Lack of sense of responsibility; Mental health, personality is not perfect (some kill their mothers with a knife; Both self-harm and suicide; Even more people run away from home. ) and so on. These seriously restrict the healthy growth and all-round development of teenagers and affect the improvement of their overall quality.

1.2 is the need of national development.

Teenagers are the future of the country, the hope of the nation, and the future development of the country will be decided and implemented by them. Without good moral quality, the spirit of respecting the law, the understanding of national conditions and the ability to understand national policies and systems, it is impossible to complete the great trust of history.

1.3 is the need of governing the country according to law and building a harmonious socialist society.

Governing the country according to law is the basic strategy of the party, the country and the people, and it is an important symbol of the civilization and progress of modern society. However, the problem of juvenile delinquency has always plagued social progress and is also a major obstacle to building a harmonious socialist society. An expert on juvenile delinquency pointed out: since the new century, the age of juvenile delinquency has been distributed in stages: 14 to 16 years old, the growth rate of juvenile delinquency has been increasing, the trend of juvenile delinquency has become increasingly obvious, and the age of first offense is getting younger and younger. Its main manifestations are: theft, robbery, violence and even murder. On the other hand, minors will not express their wishes and interests in reasonable ways and methods, and often take extreme or extreme measures. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the legal concept of minors.

From this point of view, the cultivation and improvement of middle school students' ideological and political literacy is not only important but also urgent, which needs every educator to attach great importance to.

2. Cultivate students' ideological and political literacy and methods.

2. 1 Improve teachers' own ideological and political literacy

Higher ideological and political literacy is the basic condition that ideological and political workers must have. Therefore, we should stand at a strategic height, always maintain a high degree of consistency with the party and the government, become propagandists, supporters, defenders and executors of the party and government policies, and become role models for students.

2.2 Strengthen students' awareness of literacy and attach importance to the improvement of their own literacy.

In order to make students fully realize this point, we can list typical examples in life. For example, when the eighth grade of Guangdong Education Edition was polite, I quoted two examples: a young man asked an old man the way: "Hello! Old man. How to get to XX Village? " The old man reached out and pointed: "Five Li (rude)". The result can be imagined. Another story is about several college students who are about to graduate and go to a bank for internship. The bank staff poured them water to drink, and only one boy said "thank you!" " After the internship, although everyone wanted to stay, only this boy was lucky. In addition, the ATM theft case that caused a heated discussion in the whole country last year once again exposed the problem of weak legal awareness of modern teenagers. Therefore, students should consciously strengthen the cultivation and promotion of literacy.

2.3 Strengthen mental health education and cultivate students' sound personality.

At present, most textbooks arrange mental health education in the seventh and eighth grades, but as political teachers, we should popularize students' mental health education in every grade and class.

First of all, every teacher should be a qualified psychological counselor. The help provided to students revolves around the center of learning psychological counseling, with juniors focusing on life psychological counseling and seniors focusing on personality psychological counseling.

Secondly, carry out various forms of mental health education activities. For example: (1) Conduct individual psychological consultation through classroom observation, opening psychological consultation email and QQ special number; (2) Encourage students to help each other on the premise of respecting privacy; (3) Popularize the knowledge of mental health education by means of campus broadcast, publicity column and printed matter.

Finally, guide students to cultivate a sound personality and make up for personality defects. For example: reading biographies of celebrities; Learn from heroes and model figures and let students be infected and edified by great personality charm. Premier Zhou, Zhang Haidi, who is physically and mentally disabled, self-reliant and dedicated, are all role models for students to learn.

2.4 Learn the socialist concept of honor and disgrace and improve students' moral level.

Socialist concept of honor and disgrace is the most basic moral norm in socialist society. In order to cultivate students' good moral quality and behavior habits, and become qualified socialist builders and reliable successors with ideals, morality, culture and discipline in the new era, on the one hand, students can be baptized with patriotism through activities such as learning "Hundred Talents", ideological and moral construction publicity month, washing their mothers' feet once a week, and let them learn to stand on their own feet, learn to be responsible, learn to be grateful and learn to repay their debts. On the other hand, the "eight honors and eight shames" are refined into students' daily behaviors, such as: we introduce the campus version of "eight honors and eight shames", that is, we are proud of caring for the collective and ashamed of discrediting the collective; Proud of service and dedication, ashamed of selfishness; Proud of forging ahead, ashamed of being mediocre and backward; Be proud of hard work and be ashamed of laziness; Proud of unity and mutual assistance, ashamed of destroying harmony; Be proud of honesty and trustworthiness, and be ashamed of plagiarism and fraud; Be proud of respecting teachers and observing discipline, and be ashamed of being rude and violating discipline; Proud of environmental protection and low carbon, ashamed of wasting pollution. Use it as a yardstick to regulate students' words and deeds.