2. Ancient poems about rivers of about 190 words.
I liked this strange costume when I was young, but it will last forever when I am old. Cui Wei, far away from the earth with long hairpins, wears clouds on his head. Into, into, into (note 1), admired by Yue Ming ·Xi· Lu Bao. The world is turbid, I don't know more, but we ignore it. Driving a green Qiuchi, Chonghua and I swam in our garden. Yes, yes, yes (note 2), I went to Kunlun to eat Yu Ying. Coexist with heaven and earth, with the sun and moon in Guang Qi. I don't know anything about mourning for foreigners in the south, but I am more helpful to Jiang Xiang. Looking back on Hubei bamboo and enjoying the artistic conception of autumn and winter. Across the horse, across the mountain, across the car, across Fang Lin. Go to Yuan by boat, and Qi Wubang will be defeated. The ship can't get in, and the backwater is suspicious. It's a waste of time in the morning, and another night in the morning. If the heart is straight, it will hurt if it is far away. I am wandering in Xupu, and I don't know what I am doing. The mountains and forests are hidden in the shadows, where apes live. The high mountain slopes cover the sun steeply, and it is rainy and cloudy. The snow is boundless and the clouds are raining. I'm sad. My life is boring. I'm alone in the mountains. I can't change my mind and do as the Romans do, but I will die of poverty. Alas, alas, alas, alas (note 3) When you meet someone, you are the first and you are the third. You don't need loyalty, and you don't need virtue. Wuzi, if you are in trouble, it is better to do it. It's different from previous lives, so why should I complain about people now? I'm not worried about Dong Dao, but I'm going to faint for the rest of my life! Chaos said: Luan bird phoenix emperor, the sky is far away. Swallows and blackbirds, nests and altars. Xinyi, Shen Lu, is sparsely populated. If you stink and resist it, you will not be thin. Translocation of yin and yang is not appropriate. I believe you, and suddenly I did it!
3. Kneel down and ask Yang to help me read classical Chinese in senior high school 162~ 190. According to my experience of copying the other day, some words in it are too verbose. 162 The more the better. Liu Bang once discussed the talents of generals with Han Xin in his spare time.
Each has its own high and low. Liu Bang asked, "How many soldiers can I command like myself?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty, you can only command one hundred thousand people."
Liu Bang said, "How much can I command for you?" Han Xin replied, "The more soldiers I command, the better." Liu Bang said with a smile: "The more soldiers you command, the better. Then why should I control it? " Han Xin said, "Your Majesty can't command soldiers, only lead generals. That's why Han Xin is under your control.
Moreover, your majesty's ability is innate and cannot be achieved by human efforts. 163 Andy's neighbor lost a sheep, so he took his people and asked Andy's son to drive the sheep together.
Andy said, "Haha, that's just a lost sheep. Why do so many people want to find it? " The neighbor said, "There are many forks in the road." Soon, they came back.
Andy asked, "Did you find the sheep?" The neighbor replied, "I ran away." Andy said, "How can you escape?" The neighbor replied, "There is another fork in the road. I don't know which way the sheep escaped. "
So I came back. "164 means a deer is a horse. Zhao Gao wants to rebel, and he is afraid that ministers will not listen to him. He first made an experimental plan and brought a deer to the second one, saying, "This is a horse. "
The second one smiled and said, "The Prime Minister made a mistake and called the deer a horse." When asked about the ministers, some were silent, some deliberately catered to Zhao Gao, saying it was a horse, and some said it was a deer. Zhao Gao took the opportunity to secretly frame those who said they were deer under the guise of the law.
Since then, ministers have been afraid of Zhao Gao. 165 Zi Chu, grandson of the concubine of the king of Qin, was taken hostage in Zhao. His chariots, horses and daily wealth are not rich, and his life is embarrassing and he is very dissatisfied.
Lv Buwei went to Handan to do business. When he met Zi Chu, he sympathized with him and said, "Zi Chu is like a strange commodity that can be hoarded. In order to sell at a high price. "
So he went to visit Zi Chu and said to him, "I can expand your family." Zi Chu smiled and said, "You can form your own family first, and then mine!" Lv Buwei said, "You don't understand, my door will light up only when your door is lit up."
Zi Chu knew what Lv Buwei meant, so he sat down and walked further with him. Lv Buwei said, "The king of Qin is old, and Guo Jun is a prince.
I heard privately that Ann Guo Jun dotes on Mrs. Huayang very much. Mrs. Huayang has no son, and only Mrs. Huayang can choose a prince. Now your brother has more than twenty people, and you are in the middle, not favored by the king of Qin, and have been held hostage in the vassal state for a long time. Even if the king of Qin dies and a Guo Jun succeeds to the throne, you can't expect to compete with your eldest brother and other brothers around the king of Qin for the position of Prince sooner or later.
"Zi Chu said," Yes, but what should I do? " Lv Buwei said, "You are poor and embarrassed, and you are a guest living here, so you can't give your parents anything and make friends. Although I am not rich now, I am willing to use my daughter to lobby you to go west to Qin State and serve Mrs. An and Huayang, so that they can make you a prince. "
Zi Chu kowtowed and thanked him and said, "If your plan comes true, I am willing to share the land of Qin with you." 166 It's autumn flood season. Countless streams converge on the big river, and the river surges, flooding the highlands on both sides and sandbars in the water. The river is too wide to see the cattle and horses on the other side.
In this way, Hebo became complacent, thinking that all the magnificent scenery in the world was concentrated on himself. He followed the river eastward until he came to the North Sea. Looking east, there is a piece of Wang Yang, but the edge of water is not visible.
Therefore, Herb changed his arrogant face, looked up at the ocean and said to Poseidon with emotion: "As the saying goes,' Some people think that when they are only one tenth of the year old, no one can compare with themselves', which is exactly what I said! I have heard that some people think that Confucius is very learned and despise the meaning of Bo Yi. At first, I didn't believe it. Today, I saw your vastness with my own eyes, and I realized that my past knowledge was really shallow. If I don't come to see you, it will be dangerous. In that case, I will always be laughed at by people on the streets of Shen Ming! " 167 much ado about nothing Xiangxian Lu advocates kindness and forgiveness when dealing with political affairs.
Sima Wei urged (him): "You should torture and punish (this) to show majesty, otherwise, the people will be negligent and not afraid of anything." Lu Xiangxian replied: "Dealing with political affairs lies in managing them well. (Don't) Must we use harsh laws to establish majesty? " Lu Xiangxian finally refused to listen (Wei Baozhen's opinion), and the people of Shu were educated.
Xiangxian Lu was promoted repeatedly, and became the governor of Zhou Pu and Hedong. The petty official made a mistake, so Lu Xiang reprimanded him first and sent him back.
The official told Lu Xiangxian and argued with him that (the official) thought (the little official) should be beaten with a stick. Lu Xiangxian said: "The same is probably true of human feelings. Do you think he doesn't understand what I said? If you must be punished, you should do it. "
The official retired in shame. Lu Xiangxian once said: "There is no trouble in the world, but mediocrity disturbs it and causes trouble."
As long as we know the source, why not be brief? "So Liu Xiangxian everywhere people and officials miss him. 168 is a good word. At that time, Wei had believed in Ling Jun, Chu Youchun, Zhao You and Qi You. They were all polite and made friends.
In this respect, we must strive for a high and low level. I think that Qin is so powerful that it is a shame to be inferior to them, so I also recruited a bachelor of arts and gave them generous treatment. There are as many as 3,000 diners.
At that time, talented people from various vassal States came forth in large numbers, such as Xun Qing and his colleagues, who wrote books and made statements, which were popular all over the world. Lv Buwei ordered his diners to write down what they saw and heard, and put them together, forming eight views, six theories and twelve dynasties, totaling more than 200,000 words.
I think it contains the facts of the universe through the ages, so it is called Lv Chunqiu. It will be announced in Xianyang city, with a reward of $1,000 hanging on it, inviting tourists from all over the world. Anyone who can add or delete a word will be rewarded with 1000 yuan.
169 Wang Xizhi of Jin Dynasty, with few words, is a world.
4. Preface to the knowledge points of classical Chinese in Hunan Zeng Guofan's Preface to My Friend Xiangtan Luo My friend Xiangtan Luo showed me his book Zheng Wen in Hunan 190 and asked me to preface it for him before the book. I am Zeng Guofan, ignorant, old and weak. Where can I talk about it? Personally, I think there is no so-called grammar in ancient articles. Classic styles and sentences such as Yi, Shu, Shi, Yi Li and Chunqiu are not copied from each other. When a hundred schools of thought contended in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, they all became an organic whole. If we use these standards to measure them and divide them like flowers and trees, how can there be so-called grammar? Reluctantly draw lessons from the articles created by the ancients to simulate, so some conform to the practices of the ancients, while others deviate, so the grammar of writing articles cannot be named after "Fa". If they don't imitate the ancients, everyone will naturally have a shaped article in their heart, which talks about two aspects: one is reason and the other is emotion. Both are inherent to everyone. To praise what I know, I will write it down with a pen, record it in a book and pass it on from generation to generation. Praise my feelings of love, disgust, sadness and joy, and make the text easy to understand, just like opening my heart to state strategies. These are all natural articles. People with sincere nature can basically do it. However, the depth of the content and the ingenious and clumsy methods of the article are far from reaching the limit. Except for all kinds of classics, most of the works of a hundred schools have advantages. Most of them win by reason, and most of them are profound and reach the peak. What wins with emotion is mostly touching language, but its shortcomings are often gorgeous rhetoric and lack of actual content. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, most penniless people didn't know how to reason, and most of their words were parallel prose. Even when discussing political affairs and judging ceremonies, parallel sentences are often used to decorate them, and there are parallel sentences in the middle. To the west, Sichuan and Guizhou, where Miao tribes live together, are probably relatively remote and desolate mountainous areas. But at the end of the Zhou Dynasty, Qu Yuan was born here, and famous works such as Li Sao were called the ancestor of "love rhyme" by later generations. In the Song Dynasty, Zhou Dunyi was born here again. His Taiji Illustration and Shu Tong were regarded as the ancestor of Yi Li by later generations. This anthology contains about six-tenths of articles that are longer than reasoning and about four-tenths of articles that are longer than romance. However, the parallel style articles are very literary and the grammar is not chaotic. It's just that there are too few articles for textual research. The articles advocated by former sages have not been popularized, and there are not many articles envied by later generations. Luo Zhi-zhi, based on Shuowen, explored the accessibility of words and noted the signs of Ming region. He originally understood the theory of textual research experts, but the article only advocated the main points of genre, not complexity. Knowledge points: First, the characteristics of notional words commonly used in classical Chinese (1) monosyllabic-in ancient Chinese, monosyllabic words are absolutely dominant. Disyllabic words are mainly disyllabic words, reduplicated words, onomatopoeic words, disyllabic words and loanwords, which are rare. Disyllabic words are divided into disyllabic words and disyllabic words (two monosyllabic words are used together); Attachment: Multi-tone notional words (one multi-tone word), multi-tone structure of notional words (two monosyllabic words) (2) Flexibility-in a specific language environment, one word temporarily changes its grammatical function and has the grammatical characteristics of another kind of words. This phenomenon is called flexible use of parts of speech. (1) Nouns, verbs, adjectives and numerals. (2) Examples show that the causative usage of the causative verb Xiang Bo, and the action of minister+object = make+ object+verb can sometimes be translated into a verb complement. (3) Polysemy-the polysemy of notional words in classical Chinese comes from the original meaning of words. The extended meaning and the original meaning are closely or far related. (4) Proximity-there are some indistinguishable concepts in modern Chinese, which may be subdivided into a series of synonyms in ancient Chinese. For example, there are more than 20 verbs about "look". Besides the words "look, look, look", there are also many subtle differences in expression and emotion. This seems to be similar to writing typos today, but it was a habit in the ancients. (Familiar with the appendix "Common Words" on the side of "Golden Sun Test Case" 165) Find the content corresponding to these points by yourself, and we are here to help (* _ *).
5. It is said that Pangu created the world 190. Legend has it that Pangu was a magnificent man.
Pangu has been pregnant with this * * * thing for eighteen thousand years. Finally, he finally hatched like a hatched chicken, made a huge axe with himself, and opened the world to chop this chaotic thing. This * * * thing was split by Pangu and divided into two parts; Some are light and clear, while others are heavy and turbid.
The light and clear part keeps rising, rising ten feet a day. Over time, Zhuo gradually formed a high blue sky; The heavy and muddy part keeps falling, falling by one foot a day. Over time, Zhuo gradually formed an infinite land. Pangu himself rose ten feet every day, forming an extremely tall giant.
The story of Pangu's creation shows that our ancestors believed in the greatness of human power a long time ago. Since heaven and earth were created by a man named Pangu, it doesn't mean that man is greater than heaven and earth! Pangu created the world with his own axe, which vaguely reflected the ideal factor of labor creating the world.
6. Write a short essay of 190 words and write a 40-word review of childhood.
Everyone has experienced childhood. Childhood is beautiful, childhood is happy, childhood is happy, childhood
It is worth remembering ... Gorky's childhood was horrible and tragic, which made people afraid to recall.
Even Gorky lost his father at the age of 3, lost his kind fatherly love, and followed his mother and grandmother to a small dyehouse of Grandpa. Since then, a dark life has befallen Gorky. Grandfather has a bad temper.
Finn's bad temper often hits his grandmother and Gorky, casting a shadow over Gorky's young mind.
Later, Gorky met Ivan Zgang, his bosom friend, and they talked about everything and formed a profound friendship.
Friendship. However, the good times did not last long, and poor little Zgang was killed by two fierce uncles. Gorkijiu
I lost my friend like this. Yakov and Mikhail are demons, who beat their wives every day to get points.
Family property, brothers are not United at all, and two sons Sasha are not taught well, playing tricks on Gorky everywhere.
Since then, Gorky has met the carpenter again. "Good things" were not so good at first, but later they became good friends.
As a result, he was driven away by his grandfather, and Gorky had a stepfather, who was fierce and often beat people. A few years later, he loved his wife the most.
Grandma died, mother died, grandpa kicked her out and made a living by picking up garbage.
We have everything we want now. We are also "the apple of our parents' eye" and "darling".
How can it be compared with Gorky's miserable childhood? The difference in age is this difference. One is heaven.
One is hell; One is full of sunshine, the other is dark everywhere. Our childhood was hard-won!
Childhood is full of joy, childhood is warm everywhere, childhood is a camera worth remembering, and childhood is full of love!
Gorky's childhood has nothing to remember except some education and friendship!
7. Kneel down and ask Yang to help me read classical Chinese in senior high school 162~ 190. Good people told me ~ ~ ~ and ~162, the more the better. Liu Bang once discussed the talents of generals with Han Xin in his spare time.
Each has its own high and low. Liu Bang asked, "How many soldiers can I command like myself?" Han Xin said, "Your Majesty, you can only command one hundred thousand people."
Liu Bang said, "How much can I command for you?" Han Xin replied, "The more soldiers I command, the better." Liu Bang said with a smile: "The more soldiers you command, the better. Then why should I control it? " Han Xin said, "Your Majesty can't command soldiers, only lead generals. That's why Han Xin is under your control.
Moreover, your majesty's ability is innate and cannot be achieved by human efforts. 163 Andy's neighbor lost a sheep, so he took his people and asked Andy's son to drive the sheep together.
Andy said, "Haha, that's just a lost sheep. Why do so many people want to find it? " The neighbor said, "There are many forks in the road." Soon, they came back.
Andy asked, "Did you find the sheep?" The neighbor replied, "I ran away." Andy said, "How can you escape?" The neighbor replied, "There is another fork in the road. I don't know which way the sheep escaped. "
So I came back. "164 means a deer is a horse. Zhao Gao wants to rebel, and he is afraid that ministers will not listen to him. He first made an experimental plan and brought a deer to the second one, saying, "This is a horse. "
The second one smiled and said, "The Prime Minister made a mistake and called the deer a horse." When asked about the ministers, some were silent, some deliberately catered to Zhao Gao, saying it was a horse, and some said it was a deer. Zhao Gao took the opportunity to secretly frame those who said they were deer under the guise of the law.
Since then, ministers have been afraid of Zhao Gao. 165 Zi Chu, grandson of the concubine of the king of Qin, was taken hostage in Zhao. His chariots, horses and daily wealth are not rich, and his life is embarrassing and he is very dissatisfied.
Lv Buwei went to Handan to do business. When he met Zi Chu, he sympathized with him and said, "Zi Chu is like a strange commodity that can be hoarded. In order to sell at a high price. "
So he went to visit Zi Chu and said to him, "I can expand your family." Zi Chu smiled and said, "You can form your own family first, and then mine!" Lv Buwei said, "You don't understand, my door will light up only when your door is lit up."
Zi Chu knew what Lv Buwei meant, so he sat down and went further with him. Lv Buwei said, "The king of Qin is old, and Guo Jun is a prince.
I heard privately that Ann Guo Jun dotes on Mrs. Huayang very much. Mrs. Huayang has no son, and only Mrs. Huayang can choose a prince. Now your brother has more than twenty people, and you are in the middle, not favored by the king of Qin, and have been held hostage in the vassal state for a long time. Even if the king of Qin dies and a Guo Jun succeeds to the throne, you can't expect to compete with your eldest brother and other brothers around the king of Qin for the position of Prince sooner or later.
"Zi Chu said," Yes, but what should I do? " Lv Buwei said, "You are poor and embarrassed, and you are a guest living here, so you can't give your parents anything and make friends. Although I am not rich now, I am willing to use my daughter to lobby you to go west to Qin State and serve Mrs. An and Huayang, so that they can make you a prince. "
Zi Chu kowtowed and thanked him and said, "If your plan comes true, I am willing to share the land of Qin with you." 166 It's autumn flood season. Countless streams converge on the big river, and the river surges, flooding the highlands on both sides and sandbars in the water. The river is too wide to see the cattle and horses on the other side.
In this way, Hebo became complacent, thinking that all the magnificent scenery in the world was concentrated on himself. He followed the river eastward until he came to the North Sea. Looking east, there is a piece of Wang Yang, but the edge of water is not visible.
Therefore, Herb changed his arrogant face, looked up at the ocean and said to Poseidon with emotion: "As the saying goes,' Some people think that when they are only one tenth of the year old, no one can compare with themselves', which is exactly what I said! I have heard that some people think that Confucius is very learned and despise the meaning of Bo Yi. At first, I didn't believe it. Today, I saw your vastness with my own eyes, and I realized that my past knowledge was really shallow. If I don't come to see you, it will be dangerous. In that case, I will always be laughed at by people on the streets of Shen Ming! " 167 much ado about nothing Xiangxian Lu advocates kindness and forgiveness when dealing with political affairs.
Sima Wei urged (him): "You should torture and punish (this) to show majesty, otherwise, the people will be negligent and not afraid of anything." Lu Xiangxian replied: "Dealing with political affairs lies in managing them well. (Don't) Must we use harsh laws to establish majesty? " Lu Xiangxian finally refused to listen (Wei Baozhen's opinion), and the people of Shu were educated.
Xiangxian Lu was promoted repeatedly, and became the governor of Zhou Pu and Hedong. The petty official made a mistake, so Lu Xiang reprimanded him first and sent him back.
The official told Lu Xiangxian and argued with him that (the official) thought (the little official) should be beaten with a stick. Lu Xiangxian said: "The same is probably true of human feelings. Do you think he doesn't understand what I said? If you must be punished, you should do it. "
The official retired in shame. Lu Xiangxian once said: "There is no trouble in the world, but mediocrity disturbs it and causes trouble."
As long as we know the source, why not be brief? "So Liu Xiangxian everywhere people and officials miss him. 168 is a good word. At that time, Wei had believed in Ling Jun, Chu Youchun, Zhao You and Qi You. They were all polite and made friends.
In this respect, we must strive for a high and low level. I think that Qin is so powerful that it is a shame to be inferior to them, so I also recruited a bachelor of arts and gave them generous treatment. There are as many as 3,000 diners.
At that time, talented people from various vassal States came forth in large numbers, such as Xun Qing and his colleagues, who wrote books and made statements, which were popular all over the world. Lv Buwei ordered his diners to write down what they saw and heard, and put them together, forming eight views, six theories and twelve dynasties, totaling more than 200,000 words.
I think it contains the facts of the universe through the ages, so it is called Lv Chunqiu. It will be announced in Xianyang city, with a reward of $1,000 hanging on it, inviting tourists from all over the world. Anyone who can add or delete a word will be rewarded with 1000 yuan.
169 Wang Xizhi of Jin Dynasty, with few words, is a rare talent in the world. He was good at reading when he was seven years old.